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Promoting cooperation in collective actions: Evidence from the reserve fund for maintenance in China 促进集体行动中的合作:来自中国维修储备基金的证据
IF 4.8 2区 经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.103701
Tao Li , Hao Li , Jin Di Zheng
Cooperation among group members is the ultimate pursuit in any collective actions. Despite the presence of well-documented theories and experimental evidence in the collective action problem, the empirical evidence on promoting cooperation in the problem is scarce. We examine the collective tasks of using reserve funds for maintenance in urban residential areas using a unique administrative data that covers approximately 5,000 maintenance projects in Nanjing, China. Applying an instrumental variable approach, we show that a 1,000 yuan increase in extra cash payment increases the consent rates of implementing a maintenance plan by approximately 1 percentage point. Our results suggest that additional information revealed by uncovered maintenance costs could serve as a non-monetary tool to promote cooperation in making collective-action decisions. We confirm the conjecture by surveying 112 householders involved in the maintenance projects.
团体成员之间的合作是任何集体行动的终极追求。尽管在集体行动问题上有大量的理论和实验证据,但在促进合作问题上的实证证据却很少。我们利用中国南京市约 5,000 个维修项目的独特行政数据,研究了城市住宅区使用维修备用金的集体任务。应用工具变量法,我们发现额外现金支付每增加 1000 元,实施维修计划的同意率就会提高约 1 个百分点。我们的研究结果表明,未披露的维护成本所揭示的额外信息可以作为一种非货币工具,促进集体行动决策中的合作。我们对参与维修项目的 112 户家庭进行了调查,从而证实了这一猜想。
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引用次数: 0
Greening through ESG: Do ESG ratings improve corporate environmental performance in China? 通过 ESG 实现绿色:ESG 评级能否改善中国企业的环境绩效?
IF 4.8 2区 经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.103726
Hua Zhang, Jie Lai
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings matter for corporate green development as they can shape companies' sustainable efforts. However, the influence of third-party ESG ratings as an emerging informal environmental regulation on corporate environmental performance (CEP) remains understudied in China. To identify this causality, we exploit the exogenous variation of SynTao Green Finance's ESG ratings and conduct a difference-in-differences (DID) estimation. Utilizing panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2023, we find that ESG ratings can induce improvements in CEP, along with increased positive environmental scores and decreased negative environmental scores. We document three feasible mechanisms for this CEP impact: alleviated financial constraints, heightened media attention, and enhanced green innovation. We further investigate the heterogeneous effects and find that ESG ratings significantly improve CEP for companies with high executive shareholding and more female directors, companies in low-competitive industries, and those located in cities with high levels of economic development. Our findings contribute to existing studies on the determinants of CEP and offer novel evidence of the efficacy of ESG ratings as an informal institution in promoting corporate green development.
环境、社会和治理(ESG)评级对企业绿色发展至关重要,因为它们可以影响企业的可持续发展努力。然而,在中国,第三方环境、社会和治理评级作为一种新兴的非正式环境监管手段,对企业环境绩效(CEP)的影响仍未得到充分研究。为了确定这种因果关系,我们利用 SynTao Green Finance ESG 评级的外生变量,进行了差分估计。利用 2008 年至 2023 年中国 A 股上市公司的面板数据,我们发现 ESG 评级可以促进 CEP 的改善,同时提高正面环境得分,降低负面环境得分。我们记录了 CEP 影响的三个可行机制:减轻财务约束、提高媒体关注度和加强绿色创新。我们进一步研究了异质性效应,发现对于高管持股和女性董事较多的公司、低竞争力行业的公司以及位于经济发展水平较高城市的公司来说,ESG 评级能显著提高 CEP。我们的研究结果为现有的关于 CEP 决定因素的研究做出了贡献,并提供了新的证据,证明 ESG 评级作为一种非正式制度在促进企业绿色发展方面的功效。
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引用次数: 0
Transmission of monetary policy impulses on the capital structure of manufacturing firms: Evidence from an emerging economy 货币政策冲动对制造业企业资本结构的传导:新兴经济体的证据
IF 4.8 2区 经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.103704
Akhilesh Kumar Kamalakant Yadav, Ajaya Kumar Panda
A country's monetary policy influences a firm's economic decisions by influencing the cost of external debt offered to firms by commercial banks. However, research on the effect of monetary policy on the capital structure of firms located in bank credit-driven developing economies is limited. This research paper tries to fill that gap by examining the effects of monetary policy impulses on the short- and long-term capital structure of firms in an emerging economy. Using quadratic econometric equation and GMM regression model study analyzes annual financial data of 2575 non-financial firms belonging to 8 manufacturing sectors covering the duration of 13 years ranging from 2009 to 2021. The results show a curvilinear relationship between monetary policy impulses and firms' capital structure in different manufacturing industry sectors. Monetary policy was found to have a different impact on short-term and long-term borrowings of financially flexible and inflexible manufacturing firms.
一国的货币政策会影响商业银行向企业提供外债的成本,从而影响企业的经济决策。然而,有关货币政策对银行信贷驱动的发展中经济体企业资本结构影响的研究十分有限。本文试图通过研究货币政策冲动对新兴经济体企业短期和长期资本结构的影响来填补这一空白。研究采用二次计量经济学方程和 GMM 回归模型,分析了 8 个制造业部门 2575 家非金融企业的年度财务数据,时间跨度从 2009 年到 2021 年,为期 13 年。研究结果表明,货币政策冲动与不同制造业部门的企业资本结构之间存在曲线关系。研究发现,货币政策对财务灵活和不灵活的制造业企业的短期和长期借款有着不同的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Is ESG investment rewarded or just doing good? Evidence from China 环境、社会和公司治理投资是奖励还是行善?来自中国的证据
IF 4.8 2区 经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.103712
Chunpei Shi , Yu Wei , Yihe Zheng , Zhuo Wang , Qian Wang
The question of whether ESG investment is rewarding is a key determinant of its attractiveness to investors. Despite extensive research, a consensus remains elusive. This paper delves into the potential costs and benefits of ESG preferences in the Chinese stock market by constructing three-dimensional portfolios that integrate risk, return, and investor ESG preference. Instead of providing a binary answer of whether ESG investment is rewarding, we offer a glide path of costs to investors for achieving their ESG goals. Furthermore, given the potential market cap bias, we examine the differences in costs between portfolios composed of large-cap and small-cap stocks. Our empirical findings are twofold: first, if investors have a relatively low preference for companies' ESG performance, their investment is as rewarding as those with no ESG preference. However, if they have a high level of preference for ESG performance, their investment may be just doing good. This means that if the level of ESG preference is below a certain threshold, the costs of ESG preference are minimal or even zero. However, when the threshold is crossed, the costs rise sharply. Second, these costs vary significantly between portfolios with different market capitalizations. Specifically, incorporating ESG factors into small-cap portfolios often results in higher financial sacrifices compared to large-cap portfolios. These insights are crucial for investors seeking to balance financial and non-pecuniary objectives, providing guidance for optimizing ESG integration strategies in their investments.
环境、社会和公司治理投资是否有回报,是决定其对投资者吸引力的关键因素。尽管进行了大量研究,但仍未达成共识。本文通过构建综合了风险、收益和投资者ESG偏好的三维投资组合,深入探讨了中国股市中ESG偏好的潜在成本和收益。我们没有提供二元答案来回答 ESG 投资是否有回报,而是为投资者实现 ESG 目标提供了一条成本滑行路径。此外,考虑到潜在的市值偏差,我们研究了由大盘股和小盘股组成的投资组合的成本差异。我们的实证研究结果有两个方面:首先,如果投资者对公司的环境、社会和公司治理表现的偏好相对较低,那么他们的投资回报与那些没有环境、社会和公司治理偏好的投资者一样高。但是,如果投资者对公司的环境、社会和公司治理表现有较高的偏好,那么他们的投资可能只是在做好事。这就是说,如果对环境、社会和公司治理的偏好程度低于某个临界值,那么对环境、社会和公司治理偏好的成本就很小,甚至为零。然而,一旦越过阈值,成本就会急剧上升。其次,这些成本在不同市值的投资组合之间差异很大。具体来说,与大盘股投资组合相比,将环境、社会和公司治理因素纳入小盘股投资组合往往会导致更高的财务牺牲。这些见解对于寻求平衡财务和非金钱目标的投资者至关重要,为他们在投资中优化 ESG 整合策略提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Big data development and enterprise green innovation: Text analysis of listed companies’ annual reports 大数据发展与企业绿色创新:上市公司年报文本分析
IF 4.8 2区 经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.103703
Yuya Liu , Zhaoyang Wang , Sheng Mai
This study used a sample of data from 3314 firms listed in the manufacturing industry from 2011 to 2022. We analyzed these companies’ annual reports using panel regression analysis to explore the relationship between big data utilization and corporate green innovation. Findings reveal that green innovation is driven by big data development. Research and development (R&D) investment has emerged as a key mediator in the relationship between big data and green innovation among firms. Furthermore, this study identifies disparities in the effect of big data development on green innovation between profit-making and loss-making entities. Moreover, it emphasizes the differences in the effects of environmental innovation between state owned and non–state-owned enterprises. This study offers tangible evidence that companies should use big data to promote environmental innovation, which is a crucial strategy for achieving sustainable growth.
本研究使用了 2011 年至 2022 年制造业 3314 家上市公司的样本数据。我们利用面板回归分析法对这些公司的年报进行了分析,以探讨大数据利用与企业绿色创新之间的关系。研究结果表明,大数据发展推动了绿色创新。研究与开发(R&D)投资成为大数据与企业绿色创新之间关系的关键中介。此外,本研究还发现了大数据开发对绿色创新的影响在盈利实体和亏损实体之间的差异。此外,本研究还强调了国有企业和非国有企业在环境创新效果上的差异。本研究提供了切实的证据,证明企业应利用大数据促进环境创新,这是实现可持续增长的重要战略。
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引用次数: 0
A Latecomer's advantage: The attainments of older child immigrants 后发优势:大龄儿童移民的成就
IF 4.8 2区 经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.103632
Jehu Mette , Guoyu Lin , Atika Benaddi
Childhood immigrants arrive in the United States (U.S.) at different ages, each with a distinct set of skills. Previous research emphasizes the importance of early immigration in language acquisition and its subsequent effect on education and labor market outcomes. This study investigates whether migration timing has differential effects when considering other skills, specifically initial education quality. Using U.S. data of 322,328 childhood immigrants prior to 2018, we find that delayed childhood immigration from top-scoring countries in academic testing can mitigate the disadvantages associated with language acquisition. Our results suggest that children from topscoring, non-English-speaking countries appear to benefit most from later migration. Specifically, male immigrants gain an additional 2.57 years of U.S. education, while females gain 0.33 years. These additional years of education correspond to subsequent higher wages. Our study suggests a revaluation of policies, particularly regarding “late child immigrants” arriving from high-PISAscoring countries, as those individuals may achieve higher educational and income levels than previously anticipated.
童年移民在不同年龄来到美国,每个人都有一套独特的技能。以往的研究强调了早期移民在语言习得方面的重要性及其随后对教育和劳动力市场结果的影响。本研究探讨了在考虑其他技能,特别是初始教育质量时,移民时间是否会产生不同的影响。利用 2018 年前 322 328 名儿童移民的美国数据,我们发现,来自学业测试得分最高国家的儿童移民的延迟可以减轻与语言习得相关的不利因素。我们的结果表明,来自分数最高的非英语国家的儿童似乎从延迟移民中获益最多。具体来说,男性移民在美国受教育的年限增加了 2.57 年,而女性增加了 0.33 年。这些额外的教育年限与随后的高工资相对应。我们的研究建议对政策进行重新评估,尤其是针对从国际学生评估项目(PISA)高分国家来的 "晚期儿童移民",因为这些人可能获得比以前预期更高的教育和收入水平。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of business environment on regional development: Evidence from a natural experiment 商业环境对地区发展的影响:来自自然实验的证据
IF 4.8 2区 经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.103735
Danying Bao , Jialun Zhang , Zhixiong Huang , Lan Lv , Qi Fu
Based on panel data for 284 cities in China from 2014 to 2020, this paper empirically examines the policy effect of the demonstration bases for mass entrepreneurship and innovation (DBEI). The results show that the construction of DBEI improves the level of innovation and entrepreneurship (IE) of the pilot cities. Moreover, this promotion effect is not the result of capturing a large number of IE resources from neighboring cities but has a coordinated nature, which can contribute to the regional IE coordinated development. In the heterogeneity analysis, the effect is greater in peripheral cities than in central and eastern regions than in the west. In addition, further analysis shows the policy promotes regional IE coordinated development mainly through two paths: rural revitalization and intellectual property protection.
本文基于 2014 年至 2020 年中国 284 个城市的面板数据,实证检验了大众创业万众创新示范基地(DBEI)的政策效应。结果表明,大众创业万众创新示范基地的建设提高了试点城市的创新创业(IE)水平。而且,这种促进作用不是从周边城市获取大量创新创业资源的结果,而是具有协调性,有助于区域创新创业协调发展。在异质性分析中,外围城市的效应大于中部地区,东部地区的效应大于西部地区。此外,进一步分析表明,该政策主要通过乡村振兴和知识产权保护两条路径促进区域创新驱动协调发展。
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引用次数: 0
Common investor coverage and excess return comovement: Evidence from Seeking Alpha 普通投资者覆盖率与超额回报率的一致性:来自 Seeking Alpha 的证据
IF 4.8 2区 经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.103693
Hanyu Zhang , Hang Zhou , Huaigang Long , Wenyu Zhou , Adam Zaremba
Investors often cover a limited number of stocks, leading to a certain level of correlation in their information sets. Despite its importance, the role of this correlation in determining the return comovement between stock pairs has been less explored. In this study, we introduce a novel measure of common investor coverage, calculated using the number of co-commentators normalized by the geometric average number of commentators for each stock pair on Seeking Alpha. This measure aims to capture the underlying correlation in investors’ information sets. Our findings reveal a positive relationship between common investor coverage and excess comovement, which cannot be explained by traditional asset pricing models. Moreover, we observe a stronger relationship between common investor coverage and excess return comovement for stocks favored by retail investors, particularly after the implementation of the reward policy in 2011. This suggests that retail investors may play a crucial role in driving this relationship.
投资者通常只关注数量有限的股票,这导致他们的信息集存在一定程度的相关性。尽管这种相关性很重要,但人们对其在决定股票对之间收益相关性方面的作用探讨较少。在本研究中,我们引入了一种衡量共同投资者覆盖率的新方法,该方法使用共同评论者的数量对 Seeking Alpha 上每对股票的几何平均评论者数量进行归一化计算。该指标旨在捕捉投资者信息集中的潜在相关性。我们的研究结果表明,共同投资者覆盖率与超额相关性之间存在正相关关系,而传统的资产定价模型无法解释这种关系。此外,我们观察到,对于散户投资者青睐的股票,普通投资者覆盖率与超额收益相关性之间的关系更为密切,尤其是在 2011 年实施奖励政策之后。这表明,散户投资者可能在推动这种关系方面发挥了关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Analyst cliques coverage and the speed of leverage adjustment: Evidence from China 分析师小团体覆盖率与杠杆调整速度:来自中国的证据
IF 4.8 2区 经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.103731
Hongbing Ouyang, Xiaojun Liu, Kang Huang
This study examines how analyst cliques influence firm leverage adjustment by investigating the potential echo chamber effect within complex analyst networks. Using a multilayer network framework based on information exchanges—such as teammate cooperation, cross-team communication, and stock co-coverage—we apply the Louvain algorithm to identify analyst cliques, where analysts are likely to have similar perspectives. Our findings indicate that firms covered by a higher number of analyst cliques experience slower leverage adjustment. This result remains consistent after addressing potential endogeneity concerns. The delay in leverage adjustment is attributed to the echo chamber effect within cliques, where analysts share homogeneous views that significantly diverge from those of other cliques, creating a chaotic information environment. Furthermore, from the perspective of moderating effect, we find that the negative effects of analyst cliques on leverage adjustment become more pronounced in firms with weaker governance structures and higher financing constraints. This research offers new insights into the relationship between the information environment and leverage adjustment within the dynamic trade-off model, providing valuable implications for regulators and investors in understanding the role of analyst networks in emerging financial markets.
本研究通过研究复杂分析师网络中潜在的回音室效应,探讨分析师小团体如何影响公司杠杆调整。我们采用基于信息交流的多层网络框架--如队友合作、跨团队交流和股票共同覆盖--运用卢万算法来识别分析师小团体,在这些小团体中,分析师很可能具有相似的观点。我们的研究结果表明,分析师小团体数量越多的公司,其杠杆调整速度越慢。在解决了潜在的内生性问题后,这一结果仍保持一致。杠杆调整的延迟可归因于小集团内部的回音室效应,即分析师分享的同质观点与其他小集团的观点存在显著差异,从而造成混乱的信息环境。此外,从调节效应的角度来看,我们发现在治理结构较弱、融资约束较高的公司中,分析师小团体对杠杆调整的负面影响更加明显。这项研究为动态权衡模型中信息环境与杠杆调整之间的关系提供了新的见解,为监管者和投资者理解分析师网络在新兴金融市场中的作用提供了有价值的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Decomposing uncertainty: How foreign policy risks shape Chinese stock market dynamics 分解不确定性:外交政策风险如何影响中国股市动态
IF 4.8 2区 经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.103698
bing Li, pu Lu, yong Wang
This study examines the transmission mechanism of foreign economic policy uncertainty (FEPU) on the Chinese stock market from 1997 to 2022, using a vector autoregressive adaptation of the dividend discount model. By decomposing excess returns into cash flow (CF), excess return (ER), and risk-free rate (RF) components, we disentangle the effects of FEPU shocks on these distinct factors.
Our findings indicate that FEPU primarily leads to a significant but temporary overestimation of impacts on cash flows and excess returns, with the market typically correcting itself after an initial overreaction. This pattern suggests a complex interplay between investor sentiment and market dynamics. Notably, trade stability amplifies the impact on CF, while closer monetary policy coordination enhances the transmission to RF and ER expectations. Additionally, economic cycles play a moderating role: downturns exacerbate the negative impacts on CF and RF, while bullish conditions foster resilience. Investor sentiment emerges as a crucial factor, with negative sentiment intensifying FEPU's adverse effects during economic contractions.
This research contributes a detailed perspective on how international relations, policy harmonization, and market psychology collectively influence FEPU transmission and affect China's financial stability amidst global uncertainties. Our decomposition method illuminates the dynamic forces that drive market reactions over time, offering critical insights for refining risk management strategies and crafting policy measures that buffer the financial system against external economic shocks.
本研究通过对股息贴现模型进行向量自回归调整,研究了 1997 年至 2022 年外国经济政策不确定性(FEPU)对中国股市的传导机制。通过将超额收益分解为现金流(CF)、超额收益(ER)和无风险利率(RF)三个部分,我们区分了FEPU冲击对这些不同因素的影响。我们的研究结果表明,FEPU主要导致对现金流和超额收益影响的显著但暂时的高估,市场通常会在最初的过度反应后进行自我修正。这种模式表明投资者情绪和市场动态之间存在复杂的相互作用。值得注意的是,贸易稳定扩大了对现金流的影响,而更紧密的货币政策协调增强了对利率和超额收益预期的传导。此外,经济周期也起着调节作用:经济衰退加剧了对CF和RF的负面影响,而经济看涨则增强了抗风险能力。投资者情绪是一个关键因素,在经济收缩期间,负面情绪会加剧 FEPU 的不利影响。本研究从一个详细的视角探讨了国际关系、政策协调和市场心理如何共同影响 FEPU 的传导,并在全球不确定性中影响中国的金融稳定。我们的分解方法揭示了随着时间推移驱动市场反应的动态力量,为完善风险管理策略和制定政策措施以缓冲金融体系对外部经济冲击提供了重要见解。
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引用次数: 0
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International Review of Economics & Finance
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