Developing countries are now witnessing an increase in overweight; obesity and obesity-related morbidity. We determined the prevalence of obesity using the measure of body mass index (BMI) and hypertension and the association between obesity and hypertension among adults in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study of 400 adults was carried out. Participants were administered a standardized questionnaire and had measurements of weight, height and blood pressure taken. Four hundred subjects were randomly selected (221 females and 179 males) with a mean age of 48.65 ± 16.56 years. The overall prevalence of obesity was 14.75% (8.9% for males and 19.5% for females). In addition, 62.4% of the females were sedentary as compared to 50.8% of the males and the difference is statistically significant. The families of most of the subjects who were obese (88.1%) preferred high calorie diets. The prevalence of hypertension among the study population was 50.5% [49.3% for female and 52.0% for males (p>0.05)]. The prevalence of hypertension among the subjects who were obese was 72.9%. Obesity in this environment is particularly significant among females and is associated with hypertension, physical inactivity and the consumption of high calorie diets.
{"title":"Prevalence of obesity and hypertension among adults in Ogbomoso, Nigeria","authors":"I. Amole, A. Olorun, A. Owolabi","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V6I2.68186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V6I2.68186","url":null,"abstract":"Developing countries are now witnessing an increase in overweight; obesity and obesity-related morbidity. We determined the prevalence of obesity using the measure of body mass index (BMI) and hypertension and the association between obesity and hypertension among adults in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study of 400 adults was carried out. Participants were administered a standardized questionnaire and had measurements of weight, height and blood pressure taken. Four hundred subjects were randomly selected (221 females and 179 males) with a mean age of 48.65 ± 16.56 years. The overall prevalence of obesity was 14.75% (8.9% for males and 19.5% for females). In addition, 62.4% of the females were sedentary as compared to 50.8% of the males and the difference is statistically significant. The families of most of the subjects who were obese (88.1%) preferred high calorie diets. The prevalence of hypertension among the study population was 50.5% [49.3% for female and 52.0% for males (p>0.05)]. The prevalence of hypertension among the subjects who were obese was 72.9%. Obesity in this environment is particularly significant among females and is associated with hypertension, physical inactivity and the consumption of high calorie diets.","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90032470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS) is characterized by a rapidly enlarging hemangioma, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and consumption coagulopathy as a result of platelet and red blood cell trapping and activation of clotting system within the vasculature of hemangioma. This syndrome is shown to be associated with kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas or tufted hemangioma.
{"title":"Vincristine: A new treatment option for Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome","authors":"S. Avasthi","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V6I2.68195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V6I2.68195","url":null,"abstract":"Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS) is characterized by a rapidly enlarging hemangioma, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and consumption coagulopathy as a result of platelet and red blood cell trapping and activation of clotting system within the vasculature of hemangioma. This syndrome is shown to be associated with kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas or tufted hemangioma.","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77807911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effectiveness of an imaging technique not only depends on its ability to image quantitatively both morphological and physiological functions of the tissue, but also on the contrast agent used to communicate with biomolecules. Several types of contrast media are used in medical imaging and they can roughly be cataloged based on the imaging modalities where they are used. More importantly, the use of contrast agent with their size ranging in nanometer scale has become general practice in medical diagnosis. As the matter of fact, nanoparticles have fascinated scientist for over a century and are now heavily utilized in biomedical sciences and engineering as they are long known to communicate effectively with the biomolecules. Today these materials can be synthesized and modified with various chemical functional groups which allow them to be conjugated with antibodies, ligands, and drugs of interest and thus opening a wide range of potential applications in biotechnology, and more importantly in diagnostic medical imaging via ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). These imaging modalities differ not only in resolution, but also in the instrumentation and the type of nanoparticle that can be employed as its assistant. Of these imaging techniques, ultrasound is one of the oldest imaging modality which is still widely used to examine internal organs of the body and diagnose potential disease states such as cancer, plague, clots, and swelling. Various articles have been published over the period of years detailing the instrumentation and the applications of ultrasonography, but very few have emphasized the importance of particle size in developing a successful contrast agent for ultrasonography. Thus in the present review article we aim to present the basic principles involved in developing successful contrast agent for Ultrasound imaging. Furthermore, we have also discussed the experimental and physical aspects of various types of nanoparticles including its fabrication and design of targeted contrast agents. Finally, we have cited some of the best biomedical and clinical applications of the developed nanoprobes and their use for Ultrasound imaging.
{"title":"Application of Nanoparticles in Diagnostic Imaging via Ultrasonography","authors":"V. Mody, R. Siwale","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V6I1.63970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V6I1.63970","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of an imaging technique not only depends on its ability to image quantitatively both morphological and physiological functions of the tissue, but also on the contrast agent used to communicate with biomolecules. Several types of contrast media are used in medical imaging and they can roughly be cataloged based on the imaging modalities where they are used. More importantly, the use of contrast agent with their size ranging in nanometer scale has become general practice in medical diagnosis. As the matter of fact, nanoparticles have fascinated scientist for over a century and are now heavily utilized in biomedical sciences and engineering as they are long known to communicate effectively with the biomolecules. Today these materials can be synthesized and modified with various chemical functional groups which allow them to be conjugated with antibodies, ligands, and drugs of interest and thus opening a wide range of potential applications in biotechnology, and more importantly in diagnostic medical imaging via ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). These imaging modalities differ not only in resolution, but also in the instrumentation and the type of nanoparticle that can be employed as its assistant. Of these imaging techniques, ultrasound is one of the oldest imaging modality which is still widely used to examine internal organs of the body and diagnose potential disease states such as cancer, plague, clots, and swelling. Various articles have been published over the period of years detailing the instrumentation and the applications of ultrasonography, but very few have emphasized the importance of particle size in developing a successful contrast agent for ultrasonography. Thus in the present review article we aim to present the basic principles involved in developing successful contrast agent for Ultrasound imaging. Furthermore, we have also discussed the experimental and physical aspects of various types of nanoparticles including its fabrication and design of targeted contrast agents. Finally, we have cited some of the best biomedical and clinical applications of the developed nanoprobes and their use for Ultrasound imaging.","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82433273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The search for novel ultrasound contrast agents has now led to the use of nanoparticles due to their ability to generate contrast, amalgamation of numerous properties, adequate circulation times and satisfactory safety issues. Experiences with these nano particles promise not only in-depth knowledge of disease processes but also the early effects of therapy. In this review we discuss how nanoparticles have evolved for use as ultrasound contrast agents
{"title":"The New Face of Ultrasound Imaging: A Gift by Nanotechnology","authors":"D. Kulkarni, Sushil. G. Kachewar","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V6I1.63973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V6I1.63973","url":null,"abstract":"The search for novel ultrasound contrast agents has now led to the use of nanoparticles due to their ability to generate contrast, amalgamation of numerous properties, adequate circulation times and satisfactory safety issues. Experiences with these nano particles promise not only in-depth knowledge of disease processes but also the early effects of therapy. In this review we discuss how nanoparticles have evolved for use as ultrasound contrast agents","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76540283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fundamentals of Operative Surgery, 1st edition, by Vipul Yagnik, 2007, BI Publications Ltd., New Delhi 110001, India, 204 pages, Rs. 295.00, Soft cover, ISBN-10: 81-7225-300-1, ISBN-13: 978-81-7225-300-4 (Official site of publisher: http://www.bipgroup.com )
{"title":"Book Review: \"Fundamentals of Operative Surgery\"","authors":"S. Dawka","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56171","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamentals of Operative Surgery, 1st edition, by Vipul Yagnik, 2007, BI Publications Ltd., New Delhi 110001, India, 204 pages, Rs. 295.00, Soft cover, ISBN-10: 81-7225-300-1, ISBN-13: 978-81-7225-300-4 (Official site of publisher: http://www.bipgroup.com )","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77495970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiqin Xu, Xiaohong Li, X. Shen, Xirong Guo, Yuzhu Peng, Yusheng Liu, Qingsong Zhao, S. Feng, Fuzhou Wang
Intracellular signalling transduction plays a pivotal role in cell activation, and the regulation of gene transcription needs the involvement of series of nuclear factors. Nuclear transcription factor- kappa B, one of the key factors in mediating gene expression, takes an essential part in a body of physiological and pathological processes. Endotoxin lipopolysaccharides, proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha, liganddependent immunocellular B cell receptor and inflammation-associated bradykinin are four typical NF-κB activation pathways. Activating or inhibitory drugs focused on NF-κB may be strongly related with the therapy of associated diseases, and the exploration of effective and economical drugs concentrated on NF-κB is crucial. KEY WORDS: Nuclear factor-κB; Inhibitor factor-κB; Inflammatory signalling; Drug discovery
{"title":"Activation of NF-κ B signalling pathway by inflammatory regulators and associated drug discovering","authors":"Shiqin Xu, Xiaohong Li, X. Shen, Xirong Guo, Yuzhu Peng, Yusheng Liu, Qingsong Zhao, S. Feng, Fuzhou Wang","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56162","url":null,"abstract":"Intracellular signalling transduction plays a pivotal role in cell activation, and the regulation of gene transcription needs the involvement of series of nuclear factors. Nuclear transcription factor- kappa B, one of the key factors in mediating gene expression, takes an essential part in a body of physiological and pathological processes. Endotoxin lipopolysaccharides, proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha, liganddependent immunocellular B cell receptor and inflammation-associated bradykinin are four typical NF-κB activation pathways. Activating or inhibitory drugs focused on NF-κB may be strongly related with the therapy of associated diseases, and the exploration of effective and economical drugs concentrated on NF-κB is crucial. KEY WORDS: Nuclear factor-κB; Inhibitor factor-κB; Inflammatory signalling; Drug discovery","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"880 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79958318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Rapunzel syndrome is a very rare condition where trichobezoar has extended up to the small bowel. Here we are reporting a rare case of Rapunzel syndrome in an adolescent girl with history of trichophagia who presented with small bowel obstruction. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and bezoar was removed through gastrotomy. Post-operative course was unremarkable. KEY WORDS: Rapunzel syndrome; Trichobezoars; Psychotherapy; Gastrotomy
{"title":"Rapunzel Syndrome: a rare cause of acute small bowel obstruction","authors":"Vipul D Yagnik, G. Parmar, Bhargav D. Yagnik","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56170","url":null,"abstract":"The Rapunzel syndrome is a very rare condition where trichobezoar has extended up to the small bowel. Here we are reporting a rare case of Rapunzel syndrome in an adolescent girl with history of trichophagia who presented with small bowel obstruction. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and bezoar was removed through gastrotomy. Post-operative course was unremarkable. KEY WORDS: Rapunzel syndrome; Trichobezoars; Psychotherapy; Gastrotomy","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89324993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Island of Mauritius was affected by a large scale epidemic outbreak of Chikungunya Fever (CHIKF) from February to April 2006. It was observed that this epidemic was associated with an excess mortality during the months of March to May 2006 in Mauritius. This study was aimed to analyze the gender and age group distribution of the excess mortality. Population and mortality data were obtained from the Mauritius Central Statistics Office for the years 2000 to 2006. The excess monthly mortality was computed for 2006 and the distribution of excess mortality according to gender and age groups was analyzed. For both genders combined, the excess mortality was 91.5% in the age group ≥ 50 years. For the ≥ 50-year age group, the total male excess death rate (EDR) exceeded the total female EDR by 66%. Our results indicate that CHIKF is associated with an increased mortality particularly in the ≥ 50-year age group with males being more vulnerable than females to mortality. Although there have been reports of CHIKF related deaths in other studies, the profile of the excess mortality during a CHIKF outbreak has not been previously described.
{"title":"An analysis of the excess mortality profile during the 2006 Chikungunya Fever epidemic in Mauritius","authors":"S. Ramchurn, S. Goorah, M. Makhan","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56154","url":null,"abstract":"The Island of Mauritius was affected by a large scale epidemic outbreak of Chikungunya Fever (CHIKF) from February to April 2006. It was observed that this epidemic was associated with an excess mortality during the months of March to May 2006 in Mauritius. This study was aimed to analyze the gender and age group distribution of the excess mortality. Population and mortality data were obtained from the Mauritius Central Statistics Office for the years 2000 to 2006. The excess monthly mortality was computed for 2006 and the distribution of excess mortality according to gender and age groups was analyzed. For both genders combined, the excess mortality was 91.5% in the age group ≥ 50 years. For the ≥ 50-year age group, the total male excess death rate (EDR) exceeded the total female EDR by 66%. Our results indicate that CHIKF is associated with an increased mortality particularly in the ≥ 50-year age group with males being more vulnerable than females to mortality. Although there have been reports of CHIKF related deaths in other studies, the profile of the excess mortality during a CHIKF outbreak has not been previously described.","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84791281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Wani, S. Wani, A. Baba, Zaffar Khanday, N. Bhat, A. Shera, R. Patnaik
Most splenic cysts are parasitic. Hydatid disease, a parasitic disease, is endemic in Kashmir. Splenic involvement alone in hydatid disease is very rare. It may remain asymptomatic or, by causing pressure due to increasing size on adjacent viscera, may become symptomatic. A non specific presentation always makes diagnosis difficult. A case of hydatid spleen in a young boy who presented with abdominal pain is reported. Radiology complemented with serology made the diagnosis. Hydatid disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis in every patient with a calcified cystic mass of the spleen in endemic areas. KEY WORDS: Calcified hydatid; Spleen; Splenic cyst; Case report
{"title":"Primary calcified hydatid of spleen: a case report","authors":"I. Wani, S. Wani, A. Baba, Zaffar Khanday, N. Bhat, A. Shera, R. Patnaik","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56169","url":null,"abstract":"Most splenic cysts are parasitic. Hydatid disease, a parasitic disease, is endemic in Kashmir. Splenic involvement alone in hydatid disease is very rare. It may remain asymptomatic or, by causing pressure due to increasing size on adjacent viscera, may become symptomatic. A non specific presentation always makes diagnosis difficult. A case of hydatid spleen in a young boy who presented with abdominal pain is reported. Radiology complemented with serology made the diagnosis. Hydatid disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis in every patient with a calcified cystic mass of the spleen in endemic areas. KEY WORDS: Calcified hydatid; Spleen; Splenic cyst; Case report","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79200120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An isolated dislocation of pisiform bone in a sixteen years male child has been reported here with its clinical presentation, treatment and a brief review of literature. The aim of presenting this case is its rarity due to trauma. KEY WORDS: Pisiform bone; Dislocation; Trauma
{"title":"Isolated dislocation of pisiform bone – a rare case","authors":"A. Singh, Vineet Kumar, G. Jain, O. Gupta","doi":"10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMU.V5I2.56167","url":null,"abstract":"An isolated dislocation of pisiform bone in a sixteen years male child has been reported here with its clinical presentation, treatment and a brief review of literature. The aim of presenting this case is its rarity due to trauma. KEY WORDS: Pisiform bone; Dislocation; Trauma","PeriodicalId":14472,"journal":{"name":"Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82792591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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