Transportation of fishes from study site to the laboratory needs lot of care as the fish is very sensitive to even minor changes in the surroundings. The prime response from the fishes was random running and hitting its head and body against the medium in which it is transported. Secondly it was found excreting a lot of ammonia waste which will degrade the water quality and there by lead to poor survival chances. Anesthetized transportation thus forms a boon in aquaculture. The fish meant for transportation is anesthetized hence it will not run and also will not eliminate wastes. A solution of 1 ml of 2- Phenoxy ethanol in 5 l of water was prepared and used for the transportation trials which were conducted in heavy duty poly bags. The average weight of brood fish was 200 g. Five numbers of brood fishes were accommodated in a bag for the transportation for 2 hours. Water quality parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia and alkalinity were assessed following standard methods using water quantity analyzing probe (Eutech, S-660). The studies were carried out repeatedly four times during transportation so as to confirm results. The results have shown that as time proceeds the water quality of control changed drastically whereas the experiment retained the change in water quality towards a standard range throughout the transportation trial. As the fishes are anesthetized the biological activities will slow down which result in lesser consumption of oxygen, low excretory waste and so on. So anesthetizing H.kurali with 2- phenoxy ethanol is advisable.
将鱼从研究地点运送到实验室需要非常小心，因为鱼对环境的微小变化都非常敏感。鱼的主要反应是随机奔跑，头部和身体撞到它所处的介质上。其次，人们发现它会排出大量的氨废物，这会降低水质，从而导致生存机会很差。因此，麻醉运输在水产养殖中形成了一个福音。用于运输的鱼被麻醉了，因此它不会奔跑，也不会消除废物。制备了1 ml 2-苯氧基乙醇溶液，用5升水配制，并用于重型塑料袋运输试验。育雏鱼平均体重200克。5只幼鱼装在一个袋子里运输2小时。使用水量分析探针(Eutech, S-660)按照标准方法评估水温、pH、溶解氧、氨和碱度等水质参数。在运输过程中反复进行了四次研究，以确认结果。结果表明，随着时间的推移，控制区的水质发生了巨大的变化，而试验区的水质在整个运输试验过程中保持了向标准范围的变化。由于鱼类处于麻醉状态，其生物活动会减慢，从而导致氧气消耗减少，排泄废物减少等。因此，2-苯氧基乙醇麻醉是可取的。
{"title":"Water Quality Variation while Transporting Hypselobarbus Kurali Anesthetized with 2- Phenoxy Ethanol","authors":"E. SherlyWilliams.","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V7.N1.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V7.N1.P1","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation of fishes from study site to the laboratory needs lot of care as the fish is very sensitive to even minor changes in the surroundings. The prime response from the fishes was random running and hitting its head and body against the medium in which it is transported. Secondly it was found excreting a lot of ammonia waste which will degrade the water quality and there by lead to poor survival chances. Anesthetized transportation thus forms a boon in aquaculture. The fish meant for transportation is anesthetized hence it will not run and also will not eliminate wastes. A solution of 1 ml of 2- Phenoxy ethanol in 5 l of water was prepared and used for the transportation trials which were conducted in heavy duty poly bags. The average weight of brood fish was 200 g. Five numbers of brood fishes were accommodated in a bag for the transportation for 2 hours. Water quality parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia and alkalinity were assessed following standard methods using water quantity analyzing probe (Eutech, S-660). The studies were carried out repeatedly four times during transportation so as to confirm results. The results have shown that as time proceeds the water quality of control changed drastically whereas the experiment retained the change in water quality towards a standard range throughout the transportation trial. As the fishes are anesthetized the biological activities will slow down which result in lesser consumption of oxygen, low excretory waste and so on. So anesthetizing H.kurali with 2- phenoxy ethanol is advisable.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90949021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work reports a comparative electrochemical behavior study of p-nitrophenol using GC and Pt electrode. For this purpose, Cyclic Voltammetry was employed, where the redox mechanisms could be compared for reduction processes of p-nitrophenol by analysis of the voltammetric responses. Voltammetric curves of p-nitrophenol in aqueous-methanol medium on different pH using B.R. buffer for various concentrations (0.05mM, 0.1 mM, 0.15mM, 0.2mM) and scan rates at GC and Pt electrode was obtained. The very complicated reduction of p-nitrophenol revealed three reduction peaks out of which two peaks are irreversible and one peak is reversible. Equation 1 HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 + e - HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 ∙ - Equation 2 HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 ∙ - + HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 H . + - OC 6 H 4 NO 2 Equation 3 HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 H . + HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 ∙ - HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 H - + HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 Equation4 HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 H - + HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 HOC 6 H 4 NO + - OC 6 H 4 NO 2 +H 2 O The result obtained from GC electrode proved to be better than Pt electrode. Hence the GC electrode can be considered a suitable tool for determination of redox mechanism of p-nitrophenol.
本文报道了用气相色谱和铂电极对硝基苯酚电化学行为的比较研究。为此，采用循环伏安法，通过分析伏安响应来比较对硝基苯酚还原过程的氧化还原机制。得到了不同浓度(0.05mM、0.1 mM、0.15mM、0.2mM)的B.R.缓冲液在不同pH条件下对硝基苯酚在水-甲醇介质中的伏安曲线以及GC和Pt电极扫描速率。对硝基苯酚的复杂还原过程显示出三个还原峰，其中两个峰是不可逆的，一个峰是可逆的。方程式1 HOC 6h4 NO 2 + e - HOC 6h4 NO 2∙-方程式2 HOC 6h4 NO 2∙- + HOC 6h4 NO 2 HOC 6h4 NO 2 H。+ - oc6h4no2方程。+ HOC 6h4no2∙- HOC 6h4no2 H - + HOC 6h4no2方程4 HOC 6h4no2 H - + HOC 6h4no2 HOC 6h4no2 + - OC 6h4no2 + h2o在GC电极上得到的结果优于Pt电极。因此，气相色谱电极是测定对硝基苯酚氧化还原机理的合适工具。
{"title":"A Comparative Electrochemical Behaviour Study of p-nitrophenol Using GC and Pt Electrode","authors":"Sangita Gupta","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V6.N3.P4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V6.N3.P4","url":null,"abstract":"The work reports a comparative electrochemical behavior study of p-nitrophenol using GC and Pt electrode. For this purpose, Cyclic Voltammetry was employed, where the redox mechanisms could be compared for reduction processes of p-nitrophenol by analysis of the voltammetric responses. Voltammetric curves of p-nitrophenol in aqueous-methanol medium on different pH using B.R. buffer for various concentrations (0.05mM, 0.1 mM, 0.15mM, 0.2mM) and scan rates at GC and Pt electrode was obtained. The very complicated reduction of p-nitrophenol revealed three reduction peaks out of which two peaks are irreversible and one peak is reversible. Equation 1 HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 + e - HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 ∙ - Equation 2 HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 ∙ - + HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 H . + - OC 6 H 4 NO 2 Equation 3 HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 H . + HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 ∙ - HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 H - + HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 Equation4 HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 H - + HOC 6 H 4 NO 2 HOC 6 H 4 NO + - OC 6 H 4 NO 2 +H 2 O The result obtained from GC electrode proved to be better than Pt electrode. Hence the GC electrode can be considered a suitable tool for determination of redox mechanism of p-nitrophenol.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89366014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An intervention study was conducted among 518 school going children with an objective to study the nutritional deficiency disease in Mangaraipettai village. Anemia is one of the major prevalent nutritional deficiencies in the world, and more than half of the population in India is anemic, the prevalence of anemia is very high among school going children, anemia leads to poor pregnancy outcome, impaired school performance, decreased work productivity and other adverse effects comes. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia, underweight, vitamin A deficiency, parasite infection, dental caries, stunting growth and some social factor including drinking water sources, intake of leafy vegetable among school going children 4 year old to 14 years of age, and the results found was 74.5% of students are anemia. The other results were discussed.
{"title":"Nutritional Deficiency Diseases in School Children Rural Areas of Mangaraipattai Village Musiri Taluk, Tamil Nadu","authors":"C. Maruthanayagam, R. Mahalakshmi","doi":"10.21013/jas.v6.n3.p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jas.v6.n3.p1","url":null,"abstract":"An intervention study was conducted among 518 school going children with an objective to study the nutritional deficiency disease in Mangaraipettai village. Anemia is one of the major prevalent nutritional deficiencies in the world, and more than half of the population in India is anemic, the prevalence of anemia is very high among school going children, anemia leads to poor pregnancy outcome, impaired school performance, decreased work productivity and other adverse effects comes. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia, underweight, vitamin A deficiency, parasite infection, dental caries, stunting growth and some social factor including drinking water sources, intake of leafy vegetable among school going children 4 year old to 14 years of age, and the results found was 74.5% of students are anemia. The other results were discussed.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78402956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to WHO in 2010, an estimated 270000 deaths globally were attributable to congenital anomalies during first 28 days of life. In an effort to decrease the number of congenital anomalies worldwide, 63 rd the WHO adopted a birth defects resolution. The aim was to prevent congenital anomalies and raise awareness about their effects. Hospital based surveillance was implemented in India in collaboration with WHO. Institute of Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Govt. Medical College Kozhikode was selected from the state of Kerala. Aim of this study includes, monitor and detect clusters (outbreaks) of congenital anomalies among a defined population and refer affected infants to appropriate services in a timely manner. Out of 15519 live births and 409 still births during the period of one year from November 2015 to 2016, there were 123 newborns with selected external congenital anomalies.
{"title":"Hospital Based Birth Defect Surveillance in a Tertiary Care Centre","authors":"Mk. Kumar, M. Vinodkumar, Indu","doi":"10.21013/jas.v6.n3.p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jas.v6.n3.p2","url":null,"abstract":"According to WHO in 2010, an estimated 270000 deaths globally were attributable to congenital anomalies during first 28 days of life. In an effort to decrease the number of congenital anomalies worldwide, 63 rd the WHO adopted a birth defects resolution. The aim was to prevent congenital anomalies and raise awareness about their effects. Hospital based surveillance was implemented in India in collaboration with WHO. Institute of Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Govt. Medical College Kozhikode was selected from the state of Kerala. Aim of this study includes, monitor and detect clusters (outbreaks) of congenital anomalies among a defined population and refer affected infants to appropriate services in a timely manner. Out of 15519 live births and 409 still births during the period of one year from November 2015 to 2016, there were 123 newborns with selected external congenital anomalies.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81791953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of an accurate, simple and cost effective UV spectrophotometric method for estimation of Lovastatin was the aim of present study. This work was based upon an area under curve method i.e. “concentration of the component of interest is directly proportional to the area under two points on the mixture spectra”. The UV spectrum between 238-258 nm was selected and the validation was carried out as per ICH guideline, Q2 (R1). This method obeyed Beer’s Lamberts Law over the concentration range of 5-25μg /ml. The value of correlation coefficient was 0.9988. The method was precise due to the satisfactory value of percent relative standard deviation for the intraday and inter-day precision. Result of the recovery studies (99.8) showed accuracy of method. Hence, developed method can be used for routine estimation of Lovastatin in bulk and dosage form.
{"title":"Estimation of Lovastatin in Pharmaceutical Formulation by Area under Curve Spectrophotometric Method","authors":"S. Dhobale, V. Narad, D. Gaikwad","doi":"10.21013/jas.v6.n3.p3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jas.v6.n3.p3","url":null,"abstract":"Development of an accurate, simple and cost effective UV spectrophotometric method for estimation of Lovastatin was the aim of present study. This work was based upon an area under curve method i.e. “concentration of the component of interest is directly proportional to the area under two points on the mixture spectra”. The UV spectrum between 238-258 nm was selected and the validation was carried out as per ICH guideline, Q2 (R1). This method obeyed Beer’s Lamberts Law over the concentration range of 5-25μg /ml. The value of correlation coefficient was 0.9988. The method was precise due to the satisfactory value of percent relative standard deviation for the intraday and inter-day precision. Result of the recovery studies (99.8) showed accuracy of method. Hence, developed method can be used for routine estimation of Lovastatin in bulk and dosage form.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79255625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The titled 4-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)benzaldehyde has been synthesized from phthalic anhydride and p-toluidene followed by use of H 2 O 2 in ethanol. Compounds characterized on the basis of 1H-NMR.
{"title":"Efficient Synthesis and Characterization of 4- (1, 3-Dioxoisoindolin-2yl) Benzaldehyde","authors":"S. Sankhe, N. R. Chindarkar","doi":"10.21013/jas.v6.n2.p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jas.v6.n2.p1","url":null,"abstract":"The titled 4-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)benzaldehyde has been synthesized from phthalic anhydride and p-toluidene followed by use of H 2 O 2 in ethanol. Compounds characterized on the basis of 1H-NMR.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82472311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to identify the tabanid flies in the Gedaref State, Eastern Sudan and to estimate their seasonal abundance. A number of 374 flies sample were collected by the trapping method in the period October 2014 to October 2015 and were sorted out using certain morphological features that include; size, head, thorax, wings, legs, antennae and abdomen. The observed features of 47 randomly selected samples were recorded and were used to create an identification key that can be used for future characterization and identification of any member of the Tabanidae family. More tabanids flies were collected during the wet (52.29%) than the dry season (47.71%). A number of 5 species of Tabanidae namely; Tabanus autumnalis (Szilady 1914); Tabanus leleani (Austen 1920); Atylotus pulchellus (Loew 1858); Hybomitra mendica (Villeneuve 1912) and Philoliche sp. were reported for the first time in the state of Gedaref. The method described here has advantages over the other methods of identification; that it is simple, costless, and requires no skillful person to perform. The collection procedure is very crucial, for the specimen must be of high-quality. This key will facilitate the recognition of the vector species and its possible role in the transmission of the parasitic and/or viral animals’ diseases in the area.
{"title":"Morphological Identification of Horse Flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) and Estimation of their Seasonal Abundance in Al-Showak District, Gedaref State, Eastern Sudan","authors":"H. I. M. N. Croof, Mai M. Nour, N. Ali","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V6.N2.P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V6.N2.P3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to identify the tabanid flies in the Gedaref State, Eastern Sudan and to estimate their seasonal abundance. A number of 374 flies sample were collected by the trapping method in the period October 2014 to October 2015 and were sorted out using certain morphological features that include; size, head, thorax, wings, legs, antennae and abdomen. The observed features of 47 randomly selected samples were recorded and were used to create an identification key that can be used for future characterization and identification of any member of the Tabanidae family. More tabanids flies were collected during the wet (52.29%) than the dry season (47.71%). A number of 5 species of Tabanidae namely; Tabanus autumnalis (Szilady 1914); Tabanus leleani (Austen 1920); Atylotus pulchellus (Loew 1858); Hybomitra mendica (Villeneuve 1912) and Philoliche sp. were reported for the first time in the state of Gedaref. The method described here has advantages over the other methods of identification; that it is simple, costless, and requires no skillful person to perform. The collection procedure is very crucial, for the specimen must be of high-quality. This key will facilitate the recognition of the vector species and its possible role in the transmission of the parasitic and/or viral animals’ diseases in the area.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89542290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulp and paper are manufactured from raw materials containing cellulose fibers, generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues. In developing countries, about 60% of cellulose fibers originate from nonwood raw materials such as bagasse (sugar cane fibers), cereal straw, bamboo, reeds, esparto grass, jute, flax, and sisal. Large amount of toxic effluent is released during process of paper production. Pulp and paper mill spent wash (raw effluent) is highly acidic in nature with high BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, phenol, sulphate, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and metals viz. Mn Zn Cu Ni Fe and Na . Effluent was treated with chemicals FeCl3 and KMnO4. pH was found to increase from 7.8 to 8.4 on increasing concentration (1 gl-1 to 5 gl-1) of KMnO4. Similarly colour, COD and BOD were decreasing with increasing concentration of KMnO4. Maximum colour, COD and BOD reduction were recorded 21.25%, 93.79% and 81.48% respectively at 5g l-1 concentration of KMnO4. Decrease in pH was recorded from 3.3 to 2.0 on increasing concentration (1 gl-1 to 5 gl-1) of FeCl3 (Ferric chloride). Decrease in colour, COD and BOD were also observed with increasing concentration of FeCl3. Maximum colour, COD and BOD reduction were recorded 99.10%, 54.16% and 85.92% respectively at 5g l-1 conc. of FeCl3.
{"title":"Toxicity Removal of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent by Employing Chemicals","authors":"Pratibha Singh, N. Srivastava, R. Jagadish","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V6.N2.P5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V6.N2.P5","url":null,"abstract":"Pulp and paper are manufactured from raw materials containing cellulose fibers, generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues. In developing countries, about 60% of cellulose fibers originate from nonwood raw materials such as bagasse (sugar cane fibers), cereal straw, bamboo, reeds, esparto grass, jute, flax, and sisal. Large amount of toxic effluent is released during process of paper production. Pulp and paper mill spent wash (raw effluent) is highly acidic in nature with high BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, phenol, sulphate, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and metals viz. Mn Zn Cu Ni Fe and Na . Effluent was treated with chemicals FeCl3 and KMnO4. pH was found to increase from 7.8 to 8.4 on increasing concentration (1 gl-1 to 5 gl-1) of KMnO4. Similarly colour, COD and BOD were decreasing with increasing concentration of KMnO4. Maximum colour, COD and BOD reduction were recorded 21.25%, 93.79% and 81.48% respectively at 5g l-1 concentration of KMnO4. Decrease in pH was recorded from 3.3 to 2.0 on increasing concentration (1 gl-1 to 5 gl-1) of FeCl3 (Ferric chloride). Decrease in colour, COD and BOD were also observed with increasing concentration of FeCl3. Maximum colour, COD and BOD reduction were recorded 99.10%, 54.16% and 85.92% respectively at 5g l-1 conc. of FeCl3.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88934118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trichoderma is a promising candidate for the biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. While planning the application of antagonistic Trichoderma strains for the purposes of biological control, it is very important to consider the environmental parameters affecting the bio-control agents in the soil. A series of abiotic and biotic environmental parameters has an influence on the bio-control efficacy of Trichoderma. The major bottleneck of bio-pesticides is the shelf life and inconsistent performance. In order to overcome this problem, the present study the liquid formulation was used to increase the shelf life of Trichoderma. Oils like Canole oil, paraffin oil, soya bean oil, Neem oil and Glycerol and their combination of paraffin oil and glycerol, paraffin oil and Soya bean oil, Canola oil and Glycerol, and Paraffin oil and Neem oil were used, among which Canola oil + Glycerol based formulation and Paraffin oil based formulation with 3.00 x 104 Cfu/ml and 2.00 X 104 Cfu/ml viable conidia showed extended shelf life of twelve months of storage.
{"title":"Shelf Life of Trichoderma Harzianum an Antagonist in Different Oil Based Formulations","authors":"V. Ahamedemujtaba, S. Kulkarni","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V6.N2.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V6.N2.P2","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoderma is a promising candidate for the biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. While planning the application of antagonistic Trichoderma strains for the purposes of biological control, it is very important to consider the environmental parameters affecting the bio-control agents in the soil. A series of abiotic and biotic environmental parameters has an influence on the bio-control efficacy of Trichoderma. The major bottleneck of bio-pesticides is the shelf life and inconsistent performance. In order to overcome this problem, the present study the liquid formulation was used to increase the shelf life of Trichoderma. Oils like Canole oil, paraffin oil, soya bean oil, Neem oil and Glycerol and their combination of paraffin oil and glycerol, paraffin oil and Soya bean oil, Canola oil and Glycerol, and Paraffin oil and Neem oil were used, among which Canola oil + Glycerol based formulation and Paraffin oil based formulation with 3.00 x 104 Cfu/ml and 2.00 X 104 Cfu/ml viable conidia showed extended shelf life of twelve months of storage.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78123552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Thermally Stimulated Polarization Current (TSPC) is used to study the dielectric behavior of Vectra A, liquid crystal copolyester. The TSPC spectra of samples of Vectra A for various polarizing fields (3.8 kV/cm- 19.2 kV/cm) have been investigated. A dipolar relaxation is observed in the low temperature region ~ 30 o C due to orientation of naphthalene groups present in Vectra A which is termed as peak-P 1 . In the higher temperature region above 110 o C, the dipolar and space charge peaks are in composite form. TSPC cycle is performed to distinguish the dipolar and space charge peaks. Also, the TSPC spectra of annealed and doped samples of Vectra A are studied. The results obtained from TSPC spectra are compared with TSDC spectra of samples of Vectra A.
{"title":"Investigations of Current Generated in Construction of Polarization in Vectra A, Liquid Crystal Copolyester","authors":"S. Kalia, R. Kalia","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V6.N2.P4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V6.N2.P4","url":null,"abstract":"The Thermally Stimulated Polarization Current (TSPC) is used to study the dielectric behavior of Vectra A, liquid crystal copolyester. The TSPC spectra of samples of Vectra A for various polarizing fields (3.8 kV/cm- 19.2 kV/cm) have been investigated. A dipolar relaxation is observed in the low temperature region ~ 30 o C due to orientation of naphthalene groups present in Vectra A which is termed as peak-P 1 . In the higher temperature region above 110 o C, the dipolar and space charge peaks are in composite form. TSPC cycle is performed to distinguish the dipolar and space charge peaks. Also, the TSPC spectra of annealed and doped samples of Vectra A are studied. The results obtained from TSPC spectra are compared with TSDC spectra of samples of Vectra A.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88221162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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