Kangah Niameke Jean-Baptiste, Kodjo Charles Guillaume, Kablan Ahmont Landry Claude, Koné Mamidou Witabouna, A. Ahoua, Ziao Nahossé
From N,N'-bis(phenylmethylene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine, substitution of a nitro group on each aromatic ring and its systematic displacement in the positions ortho, meta and para positions allowed to synthesize a homogeneous series of positional isomers. These four symmetric α-diimine Schiff bases derived from cis and trans racemic mixture of cyclohexanediamine have been characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR and MS). Antimicrobial screening showed that, unlike N, N'-bis (phenylmethylene) cyclohexane-1,2-diamine, the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus CIP is sensitive to the other three compounds with MIC values of 93.75 μ g/ml, 187.5 μ g/ml and 375 μ g/ml. The Candida albicans fungal strain shows resistance to all synthesized compounds, but Candida glabrata is sensitive to the non-substituted N, N'-bis(phenylmethylene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine and ortho substituted compound with a MIC value of 1500 μ g/ml.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Symmetric Α-Diimine Schiff Bases Derived from Cis and Trans Racemic Mixture of Cyclohexanediamine","authors":"Kangah Niameke Jean-Baptiste, Kodjo Charles Guillaume, Kablan Ahmont Landry Claude, Koné Mamidou Witabouna, A. Ahoua, Ziao Nahossé","doi":"10.21013/jas.v6.n1.p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jas.v6.n1.p4","url":null,"abstract":"From N,N'-bis(phenylmethylene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine, substitution of a nitro group on each aromatic ring and its systematic displacement in the positions ortho, meta and para positions allowed to synthesize a homogeneous series of positional isomers. These four symmetric α-diimine Schiff bases derived from cis and trans racemic mixture of cyclohexanediamine have been characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR and MS). Antimicrobial screening showed that, unlike N, N'-bis (phenylmethylene) cyclohexane-1,2-diamine, the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus CIP is sensitive to the other three compounds with MIC values of 93.75 μ g/ml, 187.5 μ g/ml and 375 μ g/ml. The Candida albicans fungal strain shows resistance to all synthesized compounds, but Candida glabrata is sensitive to the non-substituted N, N'-bis(phenylmethylene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine and ortho substituted compound with a MIC value of 1500 μ g/ml.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82271321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electricity is an indispensable part of civilization. It is often taken for granted, and can sometimes take away limbs, and at times, life. When a human being comes in contact with electricity, burns can ensue. These electrical burns are the most devastating of all thermal injuries on a size for size basis 5 and involve skin and deeper tissues. 90% of electrical injuries are accidental and nearly two-thirds occur at the work spot. Young, working males are commonly affected with frequent amputation of dominant limbs. This paper analyses the different uses of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap in the reconstruction of electrical burn raw areas and in the salvage of the amputation stumps.
{"title":"The Versatile Use of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap in Electrical Burn Injuries","authors":"G. Karthikeyan, Angeline Selvaraj, B. Rajeswari","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V6.N1.P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V6.N1.P3","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity is an indispensable part of civilization. It is often taken for granted, and can sometimes take away limbs, and at times, life. When a human being comes in contact with electricity, burns can ensue. These electrical burns are the most devastating of all thermal injuries on a size for size basis 5 and involve skin and deeper tissues. 90% of electrical injuries are accidental and nearly two-thirds occur at the work spot. Young, working males are commonly affected with frequent amputation of dominant limbs. This paper analyses the different uses of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap in the reconstruction of electrical burn raw areas and in the salvage of the amputation stumps.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84970054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burns during pregnancy is a serious threat to the life of the mother as well as the baby. Burns suffered during pregnancy is rare and can be a devastating injury. Burns during pregnancy can influence maternal as well as foetal outcome. It is also associated with various social and economic problems which complicate the rehabilitation. Keeping this in view, a comprehensive task was undertaken to assess the maternal and foetal outcome in relation to burns extent and gestation.
{"title":"Epidemiological Analysis of Burns Patients with Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Centre","authors":"B. Shankari, B. Rajeswari, Angeline Selvaraj","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V6.N1.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V6.N1.P2","url":null,"abstract":"Burns during pregnancy is a serious threat to the life of the mother as well as the baby. Burns suffered during pregnancy is rare and can be a devastating injury. Burns during pregnancy can influence maternal as well as foetal outcome. It is also associated with various social and economic problems which complicate the rehabilitation. Keeping this in view, a comprehensive task was undertaken to assess the maternal and foetal outcome in relation to burns extent and gestation.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83486399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Boyaci, E. Gumrukcu, A. Unlu, S. Sebnem Ellialtioglu, K. Abak
Eggplant is a widely grown species among the Solanaceous crops in both greenhouses and the open field, consumed throughout all the year, it is very popular in Turkey. Eggplant breeding programs were carried out for improving open pollinated varieties launched for the public sector in the earlier 1960’s. Many important open pollinated varieties which still maintains its importance today by the growers were developed. Hybrid eggplant breeding studies were first conducted at the Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM) with the breeding project given support by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. Breeding studies focused on yield, fruit quality, and the development of long F 1 hybrid varieties suitable for growing protected cultivation, parthenocarpy, and biotic (Fusarium and Verticillium) stress resistance/tolerance. Resistance sources of Fusarium ox. sp. melongenae and its inheritance against had been investigated and a genetic linkage map has been constructed. Several projects, supported by both public and private sectors, have been carried out for twenty years. As an outline of the projects, four F 1 hybrids were developed and about 300 disease resistant inbred lines were transferred to special seed companies supporting the project financially. Additionally, a study was performed on morphologic and molecular characterization, and phylogenetic relationship of local genotypes. Also, considerable scientific publications were produced from these studies and shared by both scientists and breeders.
{"title":"Assessment Results and Reflections of Some Eggplant Breeding Projects Performed in Turkey","authors":"H. Boyaci, E. Gumrukcu, A. Unlu, S. Sebnem Ellialtioglu, K. Abak","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V6.N1.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V6.N1.P1","url":null,"abstract":"Eggplant is a widely grown species among the Solanaceous crops in both greenhouses and the open field, consumed throughout all the year, it is very popular in Turkey. Eggplant breeding programs were carried out for improving open pollinated varieties launched for the public sector in the earlier 1960’s. Many important open pollinated varieties which still maintains its importance today by the growers were developed. Hybrid eggplant breeding studies were first conducted at the Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM) with the breeding project given support by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. Breeding studies focused on yield, fruit quality, and the development of long F 1 hybrid varieties suitable for growing protected cultivation, parthenocarpy, and biotic (Fusarium and Verticillium) stress resistance/tolerance. Resistance sources of Fusarium ox. sp. melongenae and its inheritance against had been investigated and a genetic linkage map has been constructed. Several projects, supported by both public and private sectors, have been carried out for twenty years. As an outline of the projects, four F 1 hybrids were developed and about 300 disease resistant inbred lines were transferred to special seed companies supporting the project financially. Additionally, a study was performed on morphologic and molecular characterization, and phylogenetic relationship of local genotypes. Also, considerable scientific publications were produced from these studies and shared by both scientists and breeders.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75521530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of temporal variation on activity of the echolocating bat community was determined in four habitat types in and around Amurum Forest Reserve: (i) gallery forest, (ii) savannah, (iii) rocky outcrop, and (iv) farmland. Using transect-based acoustic surveys in the various habitats, bat activity was estimated based on the recorded number of bat passes per minute of echolocation recordings from the field survey grouped into hours after dusk (19:00-23:00) and hours before dawn (02:00-06:00). Bat activity was significantly higher in hours after sunset than hours before sunrise. Activities did not vary significantly in the farmland between hours after sunset and hours before sunrise. In the gallery forest both times of the night had significant impact on bat activity, while in savannah and rocky outcrop habitats only hours after sunset did have significant effect on bat activity. The farmland showed a different trend by hours before sunset having a significant impact on bat activity. Echolocating bat communities in Amurum Reserve are more active during the hours after sunset than hours before sunrise. We recommend hours after sunset as more suitable period for surveying echolocating bat species through acoustic methods. The managements of reserves may do well in avoiding human activities in the protected areas during hours after sunset for maximum performance of the echolocating bat communities in the reserves.
{"title":"Temporal Variation in the Activity of Echolocating Bat Community in Amurum Reserve North Central Nigeria","authors":"C. Emmanuel, S. Manu","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V5.N3.P5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V5.N3.P5","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of temporal variation on activity of the echolocating bat community was determined in four habitat types in and around Amurum Forest Reserve: (i) gallery forest, (ii) savannah, (iii) rocky outcrop, and (iv) farmland. Using transect-based acoustic surveys in the various habitats, bat activity was estimated based on the recorded number of bat passes per minute of echolocation recordings from the field survey grouped into hours after dusk (19:00-23:00) and hours before dawn (02:00-06:00). Bat activity was significantly higher in hours after sunset than hours before sunrise. Activities did not vary significantly in the farmland between hours after sunset and hours before sunrise. In the gallery forest both times of the night had significant impact on bat activity, while in savannah and rocky outcrop habitats only hours after sunset did have significant effect on bat activity. The farmland showed a different trend by hours before sunset having a significant impact on bat activity. Echolocating bat communities in Amurum Reserve are more active during the hours after sunset than hours before sunrise. We recommend hours after sunset as more suitable period for surveying echolocating bat species through acoustic methods. The managements of reserves may do well in avoiding human activities in the protected areas during hours after sunset for maximum performance of the echolocating bat communities in the reserves.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80057218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the factors affecting the profitability of contract broiler chicken farmers in the poultry belt in Sri Lanka. One hundred contract (Buy Back) broiler producers in Kurunegala, Puttalam, Kalutara districts were randomly selected. The cost and return analysis of different sizes of out grower broiler producers were analyzed using the profit function approach Quantitative variables such as feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality (% per flock), input quantity and average body weight (kg/bird), involvement in broiler farming (hours/month) were used in the analysis. The investigated farmers were receiving a profit of 73.73 ± 3.54 Rs./bird. The other parameters were; average body weight of 1.9982 ± 0.035 kg/bird, flock mortality of 3.564 ± 0.324 %, and the FCR of 1.8038 ± 0.017. Regression analysis revealed that most important factors significantly (p-0.05) affecting profit in this study were the feed conversion ratio, input quantity, body weight and flock mortality. The contracting company provided inputs such as day old chicks (DOC), Transport, and incentives such as transport incentives, bird return incentives to improve the productivity, extension services to improve quality of production. FCR and Body weight are depending on the quality of feed and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is advisable to increase the input quantity to get optimum profits and to reduce the operational costs.
{"title":"A Study to Identify the Factors Affecting the profitability of Contract Broiler Chicken Producers in the Poultry Belt of Sri Lanka","authors":"A. Rifky","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V5.N3.P6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V5.N3.P6","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the factors affecting the profitability of contract broiler chicken farmers in the poultry belt in Sri Lanka. One hundred contract (Buy Back) broiler producers in Kurunegala, Puttalam, Kalutara districts were randomly selected. The cost and return analysis of different sizes of out grower broiler producers were analyzed using the profit function approach Quantitative variables such as feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality (% per flock), input quantity and average body weight (kg/bird), involvement in broiler farming (hours/month) were used in the analysis. The investigated farmers were receiving a profit of 73.73 ± 3.54 Rs./bird. The other parameters were; average body weight of 1.9982 ± 0.035 kg/bird, flock mortality of 3.564 ± 0.324 %, and the FCR of 1.8038 ± 0.017. Regression analysis revealed that most important factors significantly (p-0.05) affecting profit in this study were the feed conversion ratio, input quantity, body weight and flock mortality. The contracting company provided inputs such as day old chicks (DOC), Transport, and incentives such as transport incentives, bird return incentives to improve the productivity, extension services to improve quality of production. FCR and Body weight are depending on the quality of feed and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is advisable to increase the input quantity to get optimum profits and to reduce the operational costs.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90313551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mercury concentrations were recorded in water and tissue of Barytelphusa cunicularis from Pimpalwadi site (Jaikwadi Dam) near Aurangabad. The level of heavy metals in the ovary and spermatheca of crabs was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentration of mercury in the crab was 0.9 ±0.001 µg/g. A histopathological alteration in ovary and spermatheca was also studied. Several histological changes were noted in the ovary tissue i. e. Distortion of yolk granules, vacuolization, slight necrosis in the oocytes in the ovary and vacuolization observe in lumen, granular substances, sperm mass and spermathecal fluid was evenly distributed in the crab was observed after exposed to sublethal concentration (24 th of LC 50 :1/5 th 0.208 ppm) of mercuric chloride.
{"title":"Histological Structure of Reproductive Organ of Freshwater Female Crab, Barytelphusa Cunicularis (West-Wood)","authors":"A. Chourpagar, R. Shaikh, G. Kulkarni","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V5.N3.P7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V5.N3.P7","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury concentrations were recorded in water and tissue of Barytelphusa cunicularis from Pimpalwadi site (Jaikwadi Dam) near Aurangabad. The level of heavy metals in the ovary and spermatheca of crabs was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentration of mercury in the crab was 0.9 ±0.001 µg/g. A histopathological alteration in ovary and spermatheca was also studied. Several histological changes were noted in the ovary tissue i. e. Distortion of yolk granules, vacuolization, slight necrosis in the oocytes in the ovary and vacuolization observe in lumen, granular substances, sperm mass and spermathecal fluid was evenly distributed in the crab was observed after exposed to sublethal concentration (24 th of LC 50 :1/5 th 0.208 ppm) of mercuric chloride.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90834507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alkalinity is equal to the stoichiometric sum of the bases in solution therefore it includes all the acid neutralizing bases in water namely OH ˉ , CO 3 ²ˉ & HCO 3 ˉ ions. In the natural environment carbonate alkalinity tends to make up most of the total alkalinity due to the common occurrence and dissolution of carbonate rocks and presence of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Alkalinity varies with the location Acid-base titration is performed for their estimation but the theoretical determination for the type and extent of these ions is tedious process through traditional formulas known to us, (Volume of acid used up till Phenolphthalein & Methyl orange end point). Here in this paper we are trying to simplify the method and reporting the direct determination of the extent of ions by simple calculation without using the formulas for specific ions under different conditions of alkalinity. Thus a comparative aspect of this approach with traditional method will be covered by us in this paper.
{"title":"An Approach towards the Determination of Alkalinity in Water, Its Experimental Consideration & Comparison with Traditional Method: An Overview","authors":"H. Sharma, R. Saxena","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V5.N3.P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V5.N3.P3","url":null,"abstract":"Alkalinity is equal to the stoichiometric sum of the bases in solution therefore it includes all the acid neutralizing bases in water namely OH ˉ , CO 3 ²ˉ & HCO 3 ˉ ions. In the natural environment carbonate alkalinity tends to make up most of the total alkalinity due to the common occurrence and dissolution of carbonate rocks and presence of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Alkalinity varies with the location Acid-base titration is performed for their estimation but the theoretical determination for the type and extent of these ions is tedious process through traditional formulas known to us, (Volume of acid used up till Phenolphthalein & Methyl orange end point). Here in this paper we are trying to simplify the method and reporting the direct determination of the extent of ions by simple calculation without using the formulas for specific ions under different conditions of alkalinity. Thus a comparative aspect of this approach with traditional method will be covered by us in this paper.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86025174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rhizosphere region is rich with the plenty of microorganisms. It may be either pathogenic or non-pathogenic to the plants and animals. Fungi were the ubiquitous organisms present in all types of habitats ( Ainsworth et al., 1995). They play a vital role in conversion of waste and degradation (Diana 1994). . There were the previous researchers so far explained more than million fungal species on earth ( Barnett et al., 1972). The physcio-chemical parameter was also analyzed. The soil samples were serially diluted and inocualted on the SDA plates. The different species belongs to various groups of fungi such as Ascomycotina, Zygomycotina and Deuteromycotina were identified with the help of relevant literatures. A total of -- taxa belonging to -- genera were isolated, these include one species of Acomycetes, one species of Coelomycetes five species of Zygomycetes and remaining species were Deuteromycetes. Penicillium and species of Aspergillus were also recorded from samples. Basidiomycetes were also identified. The macro nutrients such as N, P and K content were not rich in the samples. There is no proper record so far regarding the fungal in these soil areas along with the soil nutrients. The present study is mainly focused on the mycoflora present in the rhizosphere regions of three different soil of puducherry region based on the macro and micronutrients present in the soil.
根际区域微生物丰富。它可能对植物和动物具有致病性或非致病性。真菌是所有类型栖息地中普遍存在的生物(Ainsworth et al.， 1995)。它们在废物转化和降解方面起着至关重要的作用(Diana 1994)。此前有研究人员迄今为止解释了地球上超过100万种真菌(Barnett et al.， 1972)。并对理化参数进行了分析。将土壤样品依次稀释后接种于SDA板上。根据相关文献，鉴定出不同种类的真菌分别属于子囊菌门、刺菌门和申菌门等不同类群。共分离到——属——个分类群，其中无尾菌1种，空腔菌1种，合菌5种，尾菌5种。从样品中还记录了青霉菌和曲霉的种类。同时还鉴定出担子菌。样品中N、P、K等宏观营养物质含量不高。到目前为止，对这些土壤地区的真菌和土壤养分没有适当的记录。本研究主要从土壤宏量和微量营养元素的角度，对樱桃地区三种不同土壤根际区域的菌群进行了研究。
{"title":"Physico-Chemcial Parameters of Puducherry Soil and the Associated Mycoflora","authors":"N. Arun, B. Nayak","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V5.N3.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V5.N3.P2","url":null,"abstract":"The rhizosphere region is rich with the plenty of microorganisms. It may be either pathogenic or non-pathogenic to the plants and animals. Fungi were the ubiquitous organisms present in all types of habitats ( Ainsworth et al., 1995). They play a vital role in conversion of waste and degradation (Diana 1994). . There were the previous researchers so far explained more than million fungal species on earth ( Barnett et al., 1972). The physcio-chemical parameter was also analyzed. The soil samples were serially diluted and inocualted on the SDA plates. The different species belongs to various groups of fungi such as Ascomycotina, Zygomycotina and Deuteromycotina were identified with the help of relevant literatures. A total of -- taxa belonging to -- genera were isolated, these include one species of Acomycetes, one species of Coelomycetes five species of Zygomycetes and remaining species were Deuteromycetes. Penicillium and species of Aspergillus were also recorded from samples. Basidiomycetes were also identified. The macro nutrients such as N, P and K content were not rich in the samples. There is no proper record so far regarding the fungal in these soil areas along with the soil nutrients. The present study is mainly focused on the mycoflora present in the rhizosphere regions of three different soil of puducherry region based on the macro and micronutrients present in the soil.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87626067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phase transfer catalysed oxidation of benzaldehyde and substituted benzaldehydes by permanganate ion have been studied in non polar solvents like ethyl acetate and toluene. The obtained products were charecterised by melting point determination and infra red spectral analysis. Benzoic acid and corresponding substituted benzoic acids were formed as the product with very high yield. The oxidation reactions were carried out by using various quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts as phase transfer catalyst. The effect of non polar solvents and various phase transfer catalysts on yield of product was also carried out.
{"title":"Oxidation of Benzaldehyde and Substituted Benzaldehydes by Permanganate under Phase Transfer Catalysis in Non Polar Solvents","authors":"K. Bijudas, P. Bashpa","doi":"10.21013/jas.v5.n3.p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jas.v5.n3.p1","url":null,"abstract":"Phase transfer catalysed oxidation of benzaldehyde and substituted benzaldehydes by permanganate ion have been studied in non polar solvents like ethyl acetate and toluene. The obtained products were charecterised by melting point determination and infra red spectral analysis. Benzoic acid and corresponding substituted benzoic acids were formed as the product with very high yield. The oxidation reactions were carried out by using various quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts as phase transfer catalyst. The effect of non polar solvents and various phase transfer catalysts on yield of product was also carried out.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85973319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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