After the initial discovery of Carbon Nanotubes in the Grime by electrical discharge, various methods have been developed to produce Carbon Nanotubes. In this study, four more conventional methods for producing Carbon Nanotubes have been evaluated. These include: Electrical arc discharge, Laser ablation, Sedimentation by chemical vapor and HIPco. The last method mentioned is highly regarded in the last few years and it have been produced the subject of many investigations in the field of Carbon Nanotubes. The results of this research show that HIPco production method has ability to supply mass production of Carbon Nanotubes in the future.
{"title":"Evaluation of Carbon Nanotubes Making Techniques","authors":"M. Pourjafar","doi":"10.21013/jas.v7.n3.p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jas.v7.n3.p2","url":null,"abstract":"After the initial discovery of Carbon Nanotubes in the Grime by electrical discharge, various methods have been developed to produce Carbon Nanotubes. In this study, four more conventional methods for producing Carbon Nanotubes have been evaluated. These include: Electrical arc discharge, Laser ablation, Sedimentation by chemical vapor and HIPco. The last method mentioned is highly regarded in the last few years and it have been produced the subject of many investigations in the field of Carbon Nanotubes. The results of this research show that HIPco production method has ability to supply mass production of Carbon Nanotubes in the future.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90144631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective : Pain is one of the most common symptoms that troubles cancer patients and precludes satisfactory quality of life. Globally, nearly 80% of the cancer patients receive little or no pain medication and cancer pain is barely controlled. This study was done to analyse the prevalence of pain and pain treatment in patients presenting to palliative care unit in a regional cancer centre. Methods : Palliative care registry and follow-up forms of 2142 patients who got registered in our palliative care unit were analysed to obtain the demographic details, treatment characteristics and to determine the prevalence of pain, its severity, and treatment in cancer patients in our regional cancer centre. Results : Nearly 50% of the cancer population had head and neck and gastrointestinal tract malignancies and received only best supportive care. Stage IV disease was found in 40% of patients, and skeletal metastasis (52%) was most common. This study showed a 92.4% prevalence of cancer pain in our centre. About 40% of patients with pain had a pain score of 7-10 by Numerical rating scale on initial presentation to the palliative care unit. About 65% of the patients with severe pain had a response to treatment withmorphine during their first follow-up to palliative care unit after initial registration. The average overall pain score of the patients per visit decreased from around 7 to 4 at a median follow-up of ten months. Significance of results : Thus, there is a high prevalence of pain in cancer patients and patients with severe pain receive little or no opioid medication at all probably due to the lack of adequate education and training to the primary oncologists and residents regarding prescription of strong opioids. This audit may help in the modification of existing and formulation of new policies in the delivery of palliative care.
{"title":"Analysis of Severe Pain and its Treatment in a Palliative Care Unit in a Regional Cancer Centre","authors":"P. Kannan, K. Gunaseelan, Parthasarathy","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V7.N3.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V7.N3.P1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : Pain is one of the most common symptoms that troubles cancer patients and precludes satisfactory quality of life. Globally, nearly 80% of the cancer patients receive little or no pain medication and cancer pain is barely controlled. This study was done to analyse the prevalence of pain and pain treatment in patients presenting to palliative care unit in a regional cancer centre. Methods : Palliative care registry and follow-up forms of 2142 patients who got registered in our palliative care unit were analysed to obtain the demographic details, treatment characteristics and to determine the prevalence of pain, its severity, and treatment in cancer patients in our regional cancer centre. Results : Nearly 50% of the cancer population had head and neck and gastrointestinal tract malignancies and received only best supportive care. Stage IV disease was found in 40% of patients, and skeletal metastasis (52%) was most common. This study showed a 92.4% prevalence of cancer pain in our centre. About 40% of patients with pain had a pain score of 7-10 by Numerical rating scale on initial presentation to the palliative care unit. About 65% of the patients with severe pain had a response to treatment withmorphine during their first follow-up to palliative care unit after initial registration. The average overall pain score of the patients per visit decreased from around 7 to 4 at a median follow-up of ten months. Significance of results : Thus, there is a high prevalence of pain in cancer patients and patients with severe pain receive little or no opioid medication at all probably due to the lack of adequate education and training to the primary oncologists and residents regarding prescription of strong opioids. This audit may help in the modification of existing and formulation of new policies in the delivery of palliative care.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81484192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Alexandar, A. Santhanam, C. Sandhu, C. Sanjaykanth, S. Sandhya, G. S. Kumar, B. Jaykar
This study presents new spectrophotometric method for the determination of Irbesartan. So far, no Area under Curve Spectrophotometric method has been reported for the estimation of Irbesartan from pharmaceutical dosage form. This paper deals with validation and development of a method by Area Under Curve for the assay of Irbesartan from pharmaceutical dosage forms. The principle for AUC curve method is “the area under two points on the mixture spectra is directly proportional to the concentration of the component of interest”. The area selected between 203 to 211 nm for determination of Irbesartan. The drug follows Beer-Lambert’s law over the concentration range of 5-25 μg/ml for Irbesartan. In accuracy study the % recovery of Irbesartan in bulk drug samples was ranged 96.45-93.84%, which indicates that the method was accurate. Validation of the proposed method was carried out for its accuracy, precision, and specificity according to ICH guidelines. The proposed methods can be successfully applied in routine work for the determination of Tigecycline in its pharmaceutical dosage form.
{"title":"Area Under the Curve Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Irbesatran in Pharmaceutical Formulation","authors":"S. Alexandar, A. Santhanam, C. Sandhu, C. Sanjaykanth, S. Sandhya, G. S. Kumar, B. Jaykar","doi":"10.21013/jas.v7.n2.p5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jas.v7.n2.p5","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents new spectrophotometric method for the determination of Irbesartan. So far, no Area under Curve Spectrophotometric method has been reported for the estimation of Irbesartan from pharmaceutical dosage form. This paper deals with validation and development of a method by Area Under Curve for the assay of Irbesartan from pharmaceutical dosage forms. The principle for AUC curve method is “the area under two points on the mixture spectra is directly proportional to the concentration of the component of interest”. The area selected between 203 to 211 nm for determination of Irbesartan. The drug follows Beer-Lambert’s law over the concentration range of 5-25 μg/ml for Irbesartan. In accuracy study the % recovery of Irbesartan in bulk drug samples was ranged 96.45-93.84%, which indicates that the method was accurate. Validation of the proposed method was carried out for its accuracy, precision, and specificity according to ICH guidelines. The proposed methods can be successfully applied in routine work for the determination of Tigecycline in its pharmaceutical dosage form.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87323533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kangah Niameke Jean-Baptiste, Kodjo Charles Guillaume, O. Adama, Kablan Ahmont Landry Claude, Dibi Konan Jacques, Kouamé Bosson Antoine, Ziao Nahossé
We report herein synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of four Shiff bases derived from hexamethylenediamine. Substitution of a nitro group on each aromatic ring in ortho, meta or para positions of N,N'-bis(phenylmethyl)hexane-1,6-diimineallowed to have a homogeneous series of positional isomers. These four symmetric diimine Schiff bases were characterized by conventional spectrometry methods (NMR, IR, MS), then tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Among them, compounds 1b , 1c , 1d were found to be active against bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus CIP with MIC value of 375 μ g/ ml, 187.5 μ g /ml and 375 μ g /ml respectively. Candida Albicans fungal strain showed resistance to all synthesized Schiff base compounds, butin the other hand, Candida glabrata has been sensitive to all compounds with MIC of 1500 μ g/ ml and one more time except 1a .
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of New Series of Schiff Bases Derived from Hexamethylenediamine as Potential Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents","authors":"Kangah Niameke Jean-Baptiste, Kodjo Charles Guillaume, O. Adama, Kablan Ahmont Landry Claude, Dibi Konan Jacques, Kouamé Bosson Antoine, Ziao Nahossé","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V7.N2.P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V7.N2.P3","url":null,"abstract":"We report herein synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of four Shiff bases derived from hexamethylenediamine. Substitution of a nitro group on each aromatic ring in ortho, meta or para positions of N,N'-bis(phenylmethyl)hexane-1,6-diimineallowed to have a homogeneous series of positional isomers. These four symmetric diimine Schiff bases were characterized by conventional spectrometry methods (NMR, IR, MS), then tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Among them, compounds 1b , 1c , 1d were found to be active against bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus CIP with MIC value of 375 μ g/ ml, 187.5 μ g /ml and 375 μ g /ml respectively. Candida Albicans fungal strain showed resistance to all synthesized Schiff base compounds, butin the other hand, Candida glabrata has been sensitive to all compounds with MIC of 1500 μ g/ ml and one more time except 1a .","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88530782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Vincentraj, S. Kalyanasundharam, A. Arokiyaraj, N. Pasupathy, S. Arokiaraj, D. Sathya
Water is essential for agriculture. Most of the farmers depending upon the ground water for irrigation purpose, but now a days the underground water is going to towards very deep down level. Because our environment affected by water drought, pollution and lack of rain falls. It will be creating negative effects to cultivation .In this present study is to assess the underground water quality in Mayiladuthurai Taluk of Nagapattinam District in Tamil Nadu. Totally 30 underground water samples were collected, which covers 10 Revenue villages in Mayiladuthurai Taluk, 3 samples from each Revenue village and analyzed all the physico - chemical parameters such as pH, EC, Ca, Na, K, SO 4, Cl, Mg , CO 3, and HCO 3 and the water quality index SAR, RSC, Geo-chemical types, classification were determined by standard methods, standard calculation and by using standard instruments. Then the irrigation water quality results were compared with standard values Recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The proposed work is very essential not only for crop production but also to maintain soil fertility, to maintain hazardous free environment and to enhance the living standard and in turn to uplift our Agriculturist.
{"title":"Underground Water Quality in Major Paddy Plants Growing Area of Mayiladuthurai Taluk of Nagapattinam District in Tamil Nadu – India","authors":"A. Vincentraj, S. Kalyanasundharam, A. Arokiyaraj, N. Pasupathy, S. Arokiaraj, D. Sathya","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V7.N2.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V7.N2.P1","url":null,"abstract":"Water is essential for agriculture. Most of the farmers depending upon the ground water for irrigation purpose, but now a days the underground water is going to towards very deep down level. Because our environment affected by water drought, pollution and lack of rain falls. It will be creating negative effects to cultivation .In this present study is to assess the underground water quality in Mayiladuthurai Taluk of Nagapattinam District in Tamil Nadu. Totally 30 underground water samples were collected, which covers 10 Revenue villages in Mayiladuthurai Taluk, 3 samples from each Revenue village and analyzed all the physico - chemical parameters such as pH, EC, Ca, Na, K, SO 4, Cl, Mg , CO 3, and HCO 3 and the water quality index SAR, RSC, Geo-chemical types, classification were determined by standard methods, standard calculation and by using standard instruments. Then the irrigation water quality results were compared with standard values Recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The proposed work is very essential not only for crop production but also to maintain soil fertility, to maintain hazardous free environment and to enhance the living standard and in turn to uplift our Agriculturist.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"52-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74358756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D own’s syndrome is a disease entity in which the defect in mental development is associated in a unique way with a large number of physical defects. It is a condition resulting from an extra chromosome 21 and thus the condition is also known as Trisomy 21. It is considered one of the most frequent genetic causes of mental retardation. The incidence of Down’s syndrome is estimated to be between 1.6 to 2.5 per 1000 live births and increases with increase in maternal age. 4,59,10 Mongoloids usually exhibit retarded motor and language skills, with an IQ range from extremely low to 45-55. Cephalometry has now been firmly established as the most essential procedure for gaining knowledge of the complexities of dentofacial skeletal pattern. By utilizing cephalometric radiography, whereby description, morphologic outline, measurement and change in growth of the skull can be fairly accurately ascertained, it might be possible to observe some of the subtle The present study is an attempt to determine cephalometrically whether the group of individuals with Down’s syndrome have a distinctive craniofacial phenotype. The growth of the craniofacial area in the presence of the extra chromosome is also examined.
D own 's综合征是一种疾病实体，其中智力发育缺陷以一种独特的方式与大量身体缺陷联系在一起。这是一种由额外的21号染色体引起的疾病，因此这种疾病也被称为21三体。它被认为是智力迟钝最常见的遗传原因之一。唐氏综合症的发病率估计为每1000例活产1.6至2.5例，并随着产妇年龄的增加而增加。4,59,10蒙古人通常表现为运动和语言技能迟钝，智商范围从极低到45-55。头测术现已被确立为了解牙面骨结构复杂性的最基本的方法。通过使用头颅x线摄影，可以相当准确地确定颅骨的描述、形态轮廓、测量和生长变化，有可能观察到一些微妙的变化。本研究试图通过头颅x线摄影确定唐氏综合征患者群体是否具有独特的颅面表型。在额外染色体存在的情况下，颅面区域的生长也被检查。
{"title":"Evaluation of Craniofacial Morphology in Subjects with Down’s Syndrome: A Cephalometric Study","authors":"P. Subbaiah","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V7.N2.P4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V7.N2.P4","url":null,"abstract":"D own’s syndrome is a disease entity in which the defect in mental development is associated in a unique way with a large number of physical defects. It is a condition resulting from an extra chromosome 21 and thus the condition is also known as Trisomy 21. It is considered one of the most frequent genetic causes of mental retardation. The incidence of Down’s syndrome is estimated to be between 1.6 to 2.5 per 1000 live births and increases with increase in maternal age. 4,59,10 Mongoloids usually exhibit retarded motor and language skills, with an IQ range from extremely low to 45-55. Cephalometry has now been firmly established as the most essential procedure for gaining knowledge of the complexities of dentofacial skeletal pattern. By utilizing cephalometric radiography, whereby description, morphologic outline, measurement and change in growth of the skull can be fairly accurately ascertained, it might be possible to observe some of the subtle The present study is an attempt to determine cephalometrically whether the group of individuals with Down’s syndrome have a distinctive craniofacial phenotype. The growth of the craniofacial area in the presence of the extra chromosome is also examined.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"75-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81537408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dissipation behavior of mancozeb, a widely used dithiocarbamte fungicide, applied under field condition on tomato at recommended dose was undertaken under greenhouses and open field during October and March in Souss-Massa area (south of Morocco) climatic condition. Residue levels of mancozeb were determined by using a simple method consisting in a hot acid digestion of the whole sample to evolve carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), which is further quantified by spectrophotometry. Degradation rate in both open field and greenhouse followed first order kinetic. Half lives were 1.77 and 1.3 days in open field and in greenhouse were 2.0 and 1.8 days for October and March period respectively. Based on the observation reported, a pre harvested interval of at least three days after pesticide application at recommended dose may be suggested.
{"title":"Dissipation Behavior of a Mancozeb Residue (Dithiocarbamate Fungicide) in Tomato Under South Moroccan Climatic Condition","authors":"E. A. Addi","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V7.N2.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V7.N2.P2","url":null,"abstract":"Dissipation behavior of mancozeb, a widely used dithiocarbamte fungicide, applied under field condition on tomato at recommended dose was undertaken under greenhouses and open field during October and March in Souss-Massa area (south of Morocco) climatic condition. Residue levels of mancozeb were determined by using a simple method consisting in a hot acid digestion of the whole sample to evolve carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), which is further quantified by spectrophotometry. Degradation rate in both open field and greenhouse followed first order kinetic. Half lives were 1.77 and 1.3 days in open field and in greenhouse were 2.0 and 1.8 days for October and March period respectively. Based on the observation reported, a pre harvested interval of at least three days after pesticide application at recommended dose may be suggested.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89270037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Clostridium is ubiquitous , because of this they find easily their way into wounds, foods and feeds, being the cause of serious illness on human and domestic animals. Manifestations and pathology can range from mild food poisoning to death . Outstanding to their high toxicity, and the rapid evolution of infection with serious consequences , it is important to detect it rapidly. One approach is to have rapid detection tests to major clostridial toxins in complex matrices (blood, culture media, food and others), that can be implemented in point of care centers. In this review, a survey of recent work is carried out in this line of research and development.
{"title":"Rapid Tests for Detection of Main Clostridial Toxins","authors":"Pérez-Etcheverry Diana, L. Carmen","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V7.N1.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V7.N1.P2","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Clostridium is ubiquitous , because of this they find easily their way into wounds, foods and feeds, being the cause of serious illness on human and domestic animals. Manifestations and pathology can range from mild food poisoning to death . Outstanding to their high toxicity, and the rapid evolution of infection with serious consequences , it is important to detect it rapidly. One approach is to have rapid detection tests to major clostridial toxins in complex matrices (blood, culture media, food and others), that can be implemented in point of care centers. In this review, a survey of recent work is carried out in this line of research and development.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"6-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76433167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A general overview has been proposed for biomass composition, characteristics and property. Biomass is the combination of all organic materials that simplify referring to amount of animal and plant. Biomass materials are diverse, ranging from wood, bark, straw and other agricultural residues, grasses and off-spec grains. Despite of diversity the composition of most biomass materials is relatively uniform, when moisture has been excluded. Biomass burning emission is an important part of carbon and nitrogen cycle. The pollutants released by biomass burning varies depends upon the constituents of nitrogen sulphur and carbon. In this paper basic knowledge of biomass and comparative data regarding composition and characterization has been studied.
{"title":"Biomass- An Overview on Composition Characteristics and Properties","authors":"K. Parmar","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V7.N1.P4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V7.N1.P4","url":null,"abstract":"A general overview has been proposed for biomass composition, characteristics and property. Biomass is the combination of all organic materials that simplify referring to amount of animal and plant. Biomass materials are diverse, ranging from wood, bark, straw and other agricultural residues, grasses and off-spec grains. Despite of diversity the composition of most biomass materials is relatively uniform, when moisture has been excluded. Biomass burning emission is an important part of carbon and nitrogen cycle. The pollutants released by biomass burning varies depends upon the constituents of nitrogen sulphur and carbon. In this paper basic knowledge of biomass and comparative data regarding composition and characterization has been studied.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"42-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89012695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ranjan, Navneet Sinha, Sahdeo Kumar, C. Chandra, Shivadhar Sharma
Some complexes of Ni(II) have been prepared with 2-thio-3-acetyl hydantoin (TAHN) and 2-formyl pyridine thiosemicarbazone (FPTS). On the basis of elemental analysis and molar conductivity, the complexes have been formulated as NiL 2 X 2 , where L = TAHN or FPTS and X = Cl – , Br – , NCS – , ClO 4 – . The infrared spectra of complexes and free ligand reveal that the ligand TAHN is co-ordinated through sulphur and acetyl oxygen, while FPTS ligand co-ordinates through heterocyclic nitrogen and sulphur to Ni(II) metal ion. The magnetic moment of these complexes are found to be 3.20-3.25 B.M. The values are greater than value (2.828 B.M) corresponding to two unpaired electrons of a d 8 -system. The appearance of four absorption bands in their electronic spectra reveal, the tetragonal distortion in the octahedral symmetry of complexes. The zero field splitting parameter(D) and the other crystal field parameters like Dq (xy) , Dq (z) , Dt have been calculated. The results show that, the tetragonal distortion parameter (Dt) increases in the order of NCS – < Cl – < Br – while the zero field splitting parameter (D) also increases in the same order for both the planer ligands.
{"title":"Abnormal Magnetic Moment and Zero Field Splitting of Some Nickel (II) Complexes","authors":"R. Ranjan, Navneet Sinha, Sahdeo Kumar, C. Chandra, Shivadhar Sharma","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V7.N1.P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V7.N1.P3","url":null,"abstract":"Some complexes of Ni(II) have been prepared with 2-thio-3-acetyl hydantoin (TAHN) and 2-formyl pyridine thiosemicarbazone (FPTS). On the basis of elemental analysis and molar conductivity, the complexes have been formulated as NiL 2 X 2 , where L = TAHN or FPTS and X = Cl – , Br – , NCS – , ClO 4 – . The infrared spectra of complexes and free ligand reveal that the ligand TAHN is co-ordinated through sulphur and acetyl oxygen, while FPTS ligand co-ordinates through heterocyclic nitrogen and sulphur to Ni(II) metal ion. The magnetic moment of these complexes are found to be 3.20-3.25 B.M. The values are greater than value (2.828 B.M) corresponding to two unpaired electrons of a d 8 -system. The appearance of four absorption bands in their electronic spectra reveal, the tetragonal distortion in the octahedral symmetry of complexes. The zero field splitting parameter(D) and the other crystal field parameters like Dq (xy) , Dq (z) , Dt have been calculated. The results show that, the tetragonal distortion parameter (Dt) increases in the order of NCS – < Cl – < Br – while the zero field splitting parameter (D) also increases in the same order for both the planer ligands.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"144 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89048916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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