The military actions in Iraq most challenge influenced to each life types especially on sustainable development which representing by environment such as (biosphere ;soil, water resources & air) ,social and economic, spawned the negatively traces for all sectors of sustainable development , in particular including: murder ,destruction of infrastructure, agricultural production, biodiversity, industrial production, education, health, and others. Where occurred three wars; 1980, 1991 and 2003. Until now Iraq suffers from their impacts, where protection of sustainable development could be strategic necessity today's. Human who lives above the Earth is main reason in impact on the environment whether by the reason war or Irrationally use of natural resources which produce; pollution, smoke, waste, and epidemics .There is no doubt that the environment is a natural habitat for all human activities so events current on the earth surface, therefore unaffected and affect them, just the human living in healthy lives atmosphere where causes of varying degrees from effects on the environment. Our research is trying to find out how the in fact that environmental pollution by the reason of war hampering sustainable development and threatening the lives of Population, in order to reach this goal, included this research ;sociological , environmental,ecnomic security for the people of Iraq. caused unrest killed more than 85,000 civilians in 2007, estimated the number of refugees 4.7 million (about 16% of Iraq's population) in April 2008, and two million Iraqis have fled to neighboring countries, they are now according to the International Red Cross and the statements in the humanitarian situation bad, as the number of people killed during the war were 1.3 million people and in the month of August 2008 Iraq took fifth in unstable countries index.
{"title":"Impact of Military Actions on Sustainable Development in Iraq","authors":"Ibraheem M. Aliyas","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P16","url":null,"abstract":"The military actions in Iraq most challenge influenced to each life types especially on sustainable development which representing by environment such as (biosphere ;soil, water resources & air) ,social and economic, spawned the negatively traces for all sectors of sustainable development , in particular including: murder ,destruction of infrastructure, agricultural production, biodiversity, industrial production, education, health, and others. Where occurred three wars; 1980, 1991 and 2003. Until now Iraq suffers from their impacts, where protection of sustainable development could be strategic necessity today's. Human who lives above the Earth is main reason in impact on the environment whether by the reason war or Irrationally use of natural resources which produce; pollution, smoke, waste, and epidemics .There is no doubt that the environment is a natural habitat for all human activities so events current on the earth surface, therefore unaffected and affect them, just the human living in healthy lives atmosphere where causes of varying degrees from effects on the environment. Our research is trying to find out how the in fact that environmental pollution by the reason of war hampering sustainable development and threatening the lives of Population, in order to reach this goal, included this research ;sociological , environmental,ecnomic security for the people of Iraq. caused unrest killed more than 85,000 civilians in 2007, estimated the number of refugees 4.7 million (about 16% of Iraq's population) in April 2008, and two million Iraqis have fled to neighboring countries, they are now according to the International Red Cross and the statements in the humanitarian situation bad, as the number of people killed during the war were 1.3 million people and in the month of August 2008 Iraq took fifth in unstable countries index.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87291609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information Scientist and Computer Scientist; both are important professionals for the corporate and academic settings. Information Scientist is an information professionals who manages the information with solid backup of technologies specially the information technologist and computing. Information Scientist has to deal the information directly where as the Computer Scientist has to deal with information indirectly. There are many similarities and dissimilarities between the Information Scientist and Computer Scientist. This paper has mentioned such aspects in simple and in-general sense. Paper is mention about the job and responsibilities, placements and the educational qualifications and so on.
{"title":"Information Scientist and Computer Scientist: The Similarities and Dissimilarities—A Fundamental Knowledge Survey","authors":"P. Paul, D. Chatterjee, A. Bhuimali","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P14","url":null,"abstract":"Information Scientist and Computer Scientist; both are important professionals for the corporate and academic settings. Information Scientist is an information professionals who manages the information with solid backup of technologies specially the information technologist and computing. Information Scientist has to deal the information directly where as the Computer Scientist has to deal with information indirectly. There are many similarities and dissimilarities between the Information Scientist and Computer Scientist. This paper has mentioned such aspects in simple and in-general sense. Paper is mention about the job and responsibilities, placements and the educational qualifications and so on.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84012644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human can be exposed to the radiation emitting from different radioactive sources depending upon their activities and surroundings. Human activities have contributed to the increased concentration of some radionuclides in the environment. A survey of the gross alpha and gross beta activity in soil samples collected along the three southern districts of TamilNadu has been carried out. Determination of the gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration are done by using ZnS (Ag) and low beta counter. The gross alpha activity varies from 162.3 Bq/kg to 3679.6 Bq/kg near the sea and ranges from 107.5 Bq/kg to 1774.1 Bq/kg 150 m away from the sea. The gross alpha activity in the sub-urban area varies from 53.67 Bq/kg to 644.12 Bq/kg. The gross beta activity concentration in the soil ranges from 388.8 Bq/kg to 40111.1 Bq/kg in the coastal region (near the sea) and ranges from 669.06 Bq/kg to13278.4 Bq/kg (150 m away from the sea). While the gross beta activity concentration in the sub-urban area varies from 1103.05 Bq/kg to 4202.12 Bq/kg. The obtained values shows soil from the sampled locations may pose some long time health hazards to the public. Statistical analysis are also performed between the soil samples.
{"title":"Study of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration in sediment and soil samples of three southern districts of Tamil Nadu","authors":"A. P. Latha, G. Shanthi","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P13","url":null,"abstract":"Human can be exposed to the radiation emitting from different radioactive sources depending upon their activities and surroundings. Human activities have contributed to the increased concentration of some radionuclides in the environment. A survey of the gross alpha and gross beta activity in soil samples collected along the three southern districts of TamilNadu has been carried out. Determination of the gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration are done by using ZnS (Ag) and low beta counter. The gross alpha activity varies from 162.3 Bq/kg to 3679.6 Bq/kg near the sea and ranges from 107.5 Bq/kg to 1774.1 Bq/kg 150 m away from the sea. The gross alpha activity in the sub-urban area varies from 53.67 Bq/kg to 644.12 Bq/kg. The gross beta activity concentration in the soil ranges from 388.8 Bq/kg to 40111.1 Bq/kg in the coastal region (near the sea) and ranges from 669.06 Bq/kg to13278.4 Bq/kg (150 m away from the sea). While the gross beta activity concentration in the sub-urban area varies from 1103.05 Bq/kg to 4202.12 Bq/kg. The obtained values shows soil from the sampled locations may pose some long time health hazards to the public. Statistical analysis are also performed between the soil samples.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82537557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sellamoni, U. Begum, Vinoth Kumar, G. Karthikeyan
Electrical burn injuries are challenging burns that require multi disciplinary approach. It is a major cause of morbidity among burn victims and requires more number of interventions and hospital stay. Certain unique features that are to be kept in mind while treating electrical burn patients are the differences in fluid requirement, assessment of cardiac involvement, other associated injuries like head spine or bony injuries and renal damage. Aim of treatment of these victims is to prevent infection, to achieve skin cover to allow early mobilization, to optimize function and to minimize long term scarring. Special effective authentic care and proper rehabilitation can make the electrical burn victim a useful productive member of the family/society.
{"title":"Demographic Profile of Electrical Burns in a Tertiary Burn Care Centre","authors":"S. Sellamoni, U. Begum, Vinoth Kumar, G. Karthikeyan","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P9","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical burn injuries are challenging burns that require multi disciplinary approach. It is a major cause of morbidity among burn victims and requires more number of interventions and hospital stay. Certain unique features that are to be kept in mind while treating electrical burn patients are the differences in fluid requirement, assessment of cardiac involvement, other associated injuries like head spine or bony injuries and renal damage. Aim of treatment of these victims is to prevent infection, to achieve skin cover to allow early mobilization, to optimize function and to minimize long term scarring. Special effective authentic care and proper rehabilitation can make the electrical burn victim a useful productive member of the family/society.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76877781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ehigie, P. Wei, L. Ehigie, S. Odediran, T. Wei, Xiyun Yan, O. Olorunsogo
The in vitro cytotoxicity of five fractions derived from the crude water-soluble extract (CWSE) of Momordica charantia, a known medicinal herb was tested on four cancer cell models; MDA-MB 436 and 231 (breast cancer cell lines), HeLa (Cervical cancer cell lines) and A549 (Lung cancer cell lines). N-hexane (D4) < Dichloromethane (D5) < Ethyl acetate (D3) < Butanol (D2) < Aqeous (D6) fractions, all obtained via solvent partitioning in their order of increasing polarity were administered at varied concentrations (50, 75,100, 125, 150 and 200 μg/mL) for 24 h. Cell viability was detected using the MTT assay. Cells treated with the Butanol and Aqueos fractions respectively showed survival rates as high as 96.11% and 85.75% for MDA-MB 231; 93.59% and 88.28% for MDA-MB 436; 101.62% and 96.76% for HeLa and 89.55% and 81.40% for A549 even at 200μg/mL, the highest considered concentration. Whereas, at tested concentrations, cells treated with the N-hexane, Dichloromethane and Ethyl acetate fractions showed marked cytotoxic effects with the Inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) ranging between 100μg/mL and 125μg/mL. We also observed that the ethylacetate fraction displayed the highest cytotoxicity having its approximate IC 50 at 100μg/mL, especially for MDA-MB 231 (~51%), HeLa (~54%) and A549 (~43%). The percentage viability for MDA-MB 436 at 100μg/mL is about 64.2%, albeit at 125μg/mL percentage viability dropped to 34.7% This paper may provide cytological evidence for the inhibitory effect of Momordica charantia on certain cancer cell proliferation.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity of fractions derived from Crude Water Soluble Extract (CWSE) of Momordica charantia (Linn) Leaves on Lung, cervical and Breast cancer cells","authors":"A. Ehigie, P. Wei, L. Ehigie, S. Odediran, T. Wei, Xiyun Yan, O. Olorunsogo","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P10","url":null,"abstract":"The in vitro cytotoxicity of five fractions derived from the crude water-soluble extract (CWSE) of Momordica charantia, a known medicinal herb was tested on four cancer cell models; MDA-MB 436 and 231 (breast cancer cell lines), HeLa (Cervical cancer cell lines) and A549 (Lung cancer cell lines). N-hexane (D4) < Dichloromethane (D5) < Ethyl acetate (D3) < Butanol (D2) < Aqeous (D6) fractions, all obtained via solvent partitioning in their order of increasing polarity were administered at varied concentrations (50, 75,100, 125, 150 and 200 μg/mL) for 24 h. Cell viability was detected using the MTT assay. Cells treated with the Butanol and Aqueos fractions respectively showed survival rates as high as 96.11% and 85.75% for MDA-MB 231; 93.59% and 88.28% for MDA-MB 436; 101.62% and 96.76% for HeLa and 89.55% and 81.40% for A549 even at 200μg/mL, the highest considered concentration. Whereas, at tested concentrations, cells treated with the N-hexane, Dichloromethane and Ethyl acetate fractions showed marked cytotoxic effects with the Inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) ranging between 100μg/mL and 125μg/mL. We also observed that the ethylacetate fraction displayed the highest cytotoxicity having its approximate IC 50 at 100μg/mL, especially for MDA-MB 231 (~51%), HeLa (~54%) and A549 (~43%). The percentage viability for MDA-MB 436 at 100μg/mL is about 64.2%, albeit at 125μg/mL percentage viability dropped to 34.7% This paper may provide cytological evidence for the inhibitory effect of Momordica charantia on certain cancer cell proliferation.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83530455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flowering calendar of a particular area will give the information of the period and duration of flowering among plants. The purpose of the study is to investigate the presence of the habitat of some dominant macrophytes in Keibul Lamjao National Park (a Ramsar site) which have ethnobotanical relationships with human beings (the lake dwellers in particular and tourist in general) and wild animals. Flowering calendar of six study sites viz., Keibul, Nongmaikhong, Kumbi, Khordak, Sargam and Toyaching were studied and monthly flowering calendars were taken for two year period (2010 to 2011). Flowering calendars of the macrophytes were surveyed by following standard methodologies and comparison of the stages of flowering period of 6 study sites was incorporated. Maximum number of flowering plants (44) was recorded in Sargam, Khordak (32), Kumbi (30), Nongmaikhong (29) during the period September to November. Whereas, Toyaching reached 35, Keibul recorded lowest plant numbers (14) during the period June to August. Four plant species viz., Ageratum conyzoides, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Leersia hexandra and Hedychium coronarium were found throughout the year in all the 6 sites. From the findings, it can be concluded that flowering calendar will give the information of plants which are used as fodder for the wild animals like Sangai (Rucervus eldii eldii McClelland), an endangered deer species in this globe and ethnobotanically important plants of the lake dwellers as food, medicinal plants and allergens, thereby maintaining health status of man and animals. Conservation is required by controlling the human anthropogenic harassments, thereby maintaining the luxuriant growth of the seasonal and perennial, macrophytes observed during the study of flowering calendar, so as to maintain and conserve the natural flora and fauna of the park.
{"title":"Flowering Calendar of the Macrophytes of Keibul Lamjao National Park, Loktak Lake, Manipur, India","authors":"M. H. Devi, P. Singh","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P11","url":null,"abstract":"Flowering calendar of a particular area will give the information of the period and duration of flowering among plants. The purpose of the study is to investigate the presence of the habitat of some dominant macrophytes in Keibul Lamjao National Park (a Ramsar site) which have ethnobotanical relationships with human beings (the lake dwellers in particular and tourist in general) and wild animals. Flowering calendar of six study sites viz., Keibul, Nongmaikhong, Kumbi, Khordak, Sargam and Toyaching were studied and monthly flowering calendars were taken for two year period (2010 to 2011). Flowering calendars of the macrophytes were surveyed by following standard methodologies and comparison of the stages of flowering period of 6 study sites was incorporated. Maximum number of flowering plants (44) was recorded in Sargam, Khordak (32), Kumbi (30), Nongmaikhong (29) during the period September to November. Whereas, Toyaching reached 35, Keibul recorded lowest plant numbers (14) during the period June to August. Four plant species viz., Ageratum conyzoides, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Leersia hexandra and Hedychium coronarium were found throughout the year in all the 6 sites. From the findings, it can be concluded that flowering calendar will give the information of plants which are used as fodder for the wild animals like Sangai (Rucervus eldii eldii McClelland), an endangered deer species in this globe and ethnobotanically important plants of the lake dwellers as food, medicinal plants and allergens, thereby maintaining health status of man and animals. Conservation is required by controlling the human anthropogenic harassments, thereby maintaining the luxuriant growth of the seasonal and perennial, macrophytes observed during the study of flowering calendar, so as to maintain and conserve the natural flora and fauna of the park.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83194945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eclipta alba is well known herbal plant for its vast range of pharmaceutically important properties. Some of its major activities are antimytotoxic, antimicrobial, antihepatotoxic, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, rejuveniser and antivenom action. The present study reveals the presence of secondary metabolites responsible for imparting pharmacological properties in different parts like apical tissue, meristematic cells, whole plant, Callus, Seedlings, Mature seeds, immature seeds and dries seeds obtained via plant tissue culture technique. The results shows the absence of Alkaloids in tissue cultures plants which has been normally reported to be present in huge amounts in naturally occurring plants in aqueous extracts but other metabolites viz., Flavonoids, Tannins and phenolic groups reported earlier to be occurring in Eclipta alba and its parts were found to be present in aqueous extracts of tissue cultured plant.
{"title":"Preliminary secondary metabolites detection of aqueous extracts obtained from different tissues of in-vitro originated Eclipta alba","authors":"Pushpa Dodake, M. Pal","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P12","url":null,"abstract":"Eclipta alba is well known herbal plant for its vast range of pharmaceutically important properties. Some of its major activities are antimytotoxic, antimicrobial, antihepatotoxic, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, rejuveniser and antivenom action. The present study reveals the presence of secondary metabolites responsible for imparting pharmacological properties in different parts like apical tissue, meristematic cells, whole plant, Callus, Seedlings, Mature seeds, immature seeds and dries seeds obtained via plant tissue culture technique. The results shows the absence of Alkaloids in tissue cultures plants which has been normally reported to be present in huge amounts in naturally occurring plants in aqueous extracts but other metabolites viz., Flavonoids, Tannins and phenolic groups reported earlier to be occurring in Eclipta alba and its parts were found to be present in aqueous extracts of tissue cultured plant.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83123121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently the authors introduced the concept of binary topology between two sets and investigate its basic properties where a binary topology from X to Y is a binary structure satisfying certain axioms that are analogous to the axioms of topology. In this paper we introduce and study generalized binary regular closed sets.
{"title":"Generalized Binary Regular Closed Sets","authors":"S. Jothi, P. Thangavelu","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P6","url":null,"abstract":"Recently the authors introduced the concept of binary topology between two sets and investigate its basic properties where a binary topology from X to Y is a binary structure satisfying certain axioms that are analogous to the axioms of topology. In this paper we introduce and study generalized binary regular closed sets.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84117284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on structural, morphological and electrical properties of solid polymer electrolyte films based on PVC complexed with different concentrations of VO 2+ using solution cast technique. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and impedance spectroscopy studies. X- ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the amorphous nature of PVC polymer matrix increased with the increase of VO 2+ ions concentration. The electrical conductivity was evaluated from impedance spectroscopy studies in the temperature range 303- 373 K and the conductivity was found to increase with increasing dopant concentration. The polymer complexes exhibited Arrhenius type dependence of conductivity with temperature. The variation in film morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
{"title":"Impedance spectroscopy and structural analysis of VO2+ doped Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) electrolytes","authors":"K. Bhagyasree, Y. Kumar, N. O. Gopal, Ch. Ramu","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on structural, morphological and electrical properties of solid polymer electrolyte films based on PVC complexed with different concentrations of VO 2+ using solution cast technique. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and impedance spectroscopy studies. X- ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the amorphous nature of PVC polymer matrix increased with the increase of VO 2+ ions concentration. The electrical conductivity was evaluated from impedance spectroscopy studies in the temperature range 303- 373 K and the conductivity was found to increase with increasing dopant concentration. The polymer complexes exhibited Arrhenius type dependence of conductivity with temperature. The variation in film morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83545733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work is concerned with the role of inherent antioxidants content of selected mango varieties on the quality and shelf-life of developed mango products. Three mango varieties as gutti, ashina, and langda and two mango products; mango bar and mango fruit drinks were used as factors of this study. The samples of ripe mangoes are collected from several places of Bangladesh. Antioxidant contents of three varieties of mango pulp and microbial loads as influenced by the inherent antioxidant of mango bar and mango fruit drinks with time were assessed. All three varieties contained vitamin A, beta carotene, and vitamin C as antioxidant and their contents were higher in gutti variety than other two varieties; Asina and Langda. These inherent antioxidants were made an effective role to resist microbial load in the mango products like mango bar and mango fruit drink. No microbial growth was observed within three months in the products (mango bar and mango fruit drink) of gutti mango variety except TPC, which showed slight growth after four months of storage. In the product of other two varieties Asina and Langda were affected by microbial growth (TPC) within one and two months consecutively. The study discloses that the inherent antioxidant content of mango varieties had significant effect on the quality and shelf life mango products.
{"title":"Antioxidant Content of Selected Mango Varieties and Their Correlation with the Shelf-Life of Developed Products","authors":"S. Kabir, A. Alam, B. Uddin","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V4.N2.P4","url":null,"abstract":"This work is concerned with the role of inherent antioxidants content of selected mango varieties on the quality and shelf-life of developed mango products. Three mango varieties as gutti, ashina, and langda and two mango products; mango bar and mango fruit drinks were used as factors of this study. The samples of ripe mangoes are collected from several places of Bangladesh. Antioxidant contents of three varieties of mango pulp and microbial loads as influenced by the inherent antioxidant of mango bar and mango fruit drinks with time were assessed. All three varieties contained vitamin A, beta carotene, and vitamin C as antioxidant and their contents were higher in gutti variety than other two varieties; Asina and Langda. These inherent antioxidants were made an effective role to resist microbial load in the mango products like mango bar and mango fruit drink. No microbial growth was observed within three months in the products (mango bar and mango fruit drink) of gutti mango variety except TPC, which showed slight growth after four months of storage. In the product of other two varieties Asina and Langda were affected by microbial growth (TPC) within one and two months consecutively. The study discloses that the inherent antioxidant content of mango varieties had significant effect on the quality and shelf life mango products.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89591766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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