Ibrahim, I. A. A., Ibrahim M.M.M, Sulieman, H. A., Elsheikh M.A., Dafalla M S, Ibrahim I. S.
This study was carried out in Abu Hamra Area, south Darfur State (Latitude 12˚26ʹ to 13˚10ʹ E and longitude 24˚24ʹ to 25˚56ʹ N and), Sudan where the area falls in semi-arid climate. The study aimed to evaluate the land suitability for rainfed agriculture and to scan crop suitability. Through the analysis of satellite image and direct field observations, the study area was divided into non-cracking clay soil (unit A) classified as Sodic Haplocambid, alluvial soil (unit B) classified as Ustic Torrifluvent and loamy sand soil (unit C) classified as Typic Torripsamments. 46 soil samples were collected from 12 auger holes and 3 representative profiles, then analyzed for some physical and chemical properties which were matched with climatic factors and topographic features to define the requirements of rainfed crops, particularly Sorghum, Millet, Maize, Sesame, Groundnuts, Watermelon and Tomato. Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to determine significance of differences in soil properties within and among the three units. Results showed that the soils were non-saline, non-sodic (except unit A), calcareous to slightly calcareous and low in fertility. Results also indicated no significant differences among soil properties except for texture, salinity and sodicity. The soils were found to be marginally suitable (S3) for rainfed agriculture because of presence of fertility, drainage, organic matter, texture and sodicity limitations and unit B proved to be the best soils of the three units. For crop suitability, the soils of the three units had same suitability for some crops and differ for others.
{"title":"Land Suitability Evaluation for Rainfed Agriculture in Abu Hamra Area, South Darfur State, Sudan","authors":"Ibrahim, I. A. A., Ibrahim M.M.M, Sulieman, H. A., Elsheikh M.A., Dafalla M S, Ibrahim I. S.","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V11.N1.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V11.N1.P1","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in Abu Hamra Area, south Darfur State (Latitude 12˚26ʹ to 13˚10ʹ E and longitude 24˚24ʹ to 25˚56ʹ N and), Sudan where the area falls in semi-arid climate. The study aimed to evaluate the land suitability for rainfed agriculture and to scan crop suitability. Through the analysis of satellite image and direct field observations, the study area was divided into non-cracking clay soil (unit A) classified as Sodic Haplocambid, alluvial soil (unit B) classified as Ustic Torrifluvent and loamy sand soil (unit C) classified as Typic Torripsamments. 46 soil samples were collected from 12 auger holes and 3 representative profiles, then analyzed for some physical and chemical properties which were matched with climatic factors and topographic features to define the requirements of rainfed crops, particularly Sorghum, Millet, Maize, Sesame, Groundnuts, Watermelon and Tomato. Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to determine significance of differences in soil properties within and among the three units. Results showed that the soils were non-saline, non-sodic (except unit A), calcareous to slightly calcareous and low in fertility. Results also indicated no significant differences among soil properties except for texture, salinity and sodicity. The soils were found to be marginally suitable (S3) for rainfed agriculture because of presence of fertility, drainage, organic matter, texture and sodicity limitations and unit B proved to be the best soils of the three units. For crop suitability, the soils of the three units had same suitability for some crops and differ for others.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82292446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sensitivity of detector mainly depends on two parameters as energy resolution and detection efficiency. In the studies made with radioisotopes, particularly the high detection efficiency allows for conducting high quality medical operations with low radiation doses. While today highly-advanced imaging systems are effectively used in the nuclear medicine studies, the use of some conventional counting systems such as thyroid uptake probe are continued effectively. A NaI(Tl) scintillation counter is used in the thyroid uptake probe for detection of radiation and this detector is one of detector types which is very frequently used in the measurement of gamma rays. In this study, some of parameters leading to the efficiency of thyroid uptake probe was measured by taking its significance mentioned above in consideration. The count rate was calculated based on these results and these count rates were compared with the count rates measured.
{"title":"The Detector Efficiency in Radiation Measurement and a Practice in Nuclear Medicine","authors":"Kemal Koç, A. Tanir","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V10.N3.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V10.N3.P2","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitivity of detector mainly depends on two parameters as energy resolution and detection efficiency. In the studies made with radioisotopes, particularly the high detection efficiency allows for conducting high quality medical operations with low radiation doses. While today highly-advanced imaging systems are effectively used in the nuclear medicine studies, the use of some conventional counting systems such as thyroid uptake probe are continued effectively. A NaI(Tl) scintillation counter is used in the thyroid uptake probe for detection of radiation and this detector is one of detector types which is very frequently used in the measurement of gamma rays. In this study, some of parameters leading to the efficiency of thyroid uptake probe was measured by taking its significance mentioned above in consideration. The count rate was calculated based on these results and these count rates were compared with the count rates measured.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77646035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anushka Yadav, Somendra Saraswat, B. Adyanthaya, Shakti Singh, Meetu Mathur
The main objective of root canal treatment is thorough mechanical and chemical cleansing of the entire pulp space followed by complete obturation with an inert filling material. These molars normally have two roots, one mesial and one distal, and their usual canal distribution is two in the mesial root and one or two in the distal root. This clinical case reports and review of literature describes the management of the mandibular molar with three separate mesial canals including middle mesial canal.
{"title":"Mid Mesial Canal in Mandibular Molars: Two Case Report and A Review of Literature","authors":"Anushka Yadav, Somendra Saraswat, B. Adyanthaya, Shakti Singh, Meetu Mathur","doi":"10.21013/jas.v10.n3.p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jas.v10.n3.p1","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of root canal treatment is thorough mechanical and chemical cleansing of the entire pulp space followed by complete obturation with an inert filling material. These molars normally have two roots, one mesial and one distal, and their usual canal distribution is two in the mesial root and one or two in the distal root. This clinical case reports and review of literature describes the management of the mandibular molar with three separate mesial canals including middle mesial canal.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83012259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focused on evaluating the concepts of risk assessment associated with unsafe acts according to hazard identification at Gaili Area, Khartoum North, Sudan. Approaches used in this study; Research tools: Interviews, definite questionnaire & computer program for descriptive statistics – statistical package for social science (SSPS/version 22 – 2014). The study of risk assessment is conducted for workers in fuel terminals at Gaili area and analyzed using environmental health and safety concepts for eight jobs. Risk is associated with Job (driver, electrician, pump attendant, etc.), after hazards to be identified (natural, environmental, technological, biochemical, etc.). Fuel truck drivers at Gaili area showed the most highly risk job. The result showed that 60% of the incidents were caused by the hydrocarbon fuel transport drivers at the study area as the most highly risk job, followed by the electricians being the most affected job by electrical shocks during working hours followed by the pump attendants then welders followed by mechanics; including fatalities, restricted work activities, injuries, first aid and property damage. The study recommended to formulate of temporary committees such as autumn committee is not efficient in solving the problem, HSE steering committee should be a permanent committee to direct the emergency planning according to risk based assessment for identified hazards.
{"title":"Risk Assessment for Hydrocarbon Fuel Storage and Handling Facilities at Gaili Area, Khartoum North-Sudan","authors":"M. A. Ahmed, M. Ibrahim, Omer M.A. Al Ghabshawi","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V10.N2.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V10.N2.P2","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on evaluating the concepts of risk assessment associated with unsafe acts according to hazard identification at Gaili Area, Khartoum North, Sudan. Approaches used in this study; Research tools: Interviews, definite questionnaire & computer program for descriptive statistics – statistical package for social science (SSPS/version 22 – 2014). The study of risk assessment is conducted for workers in fuel terminals at Gaili area and analyzed using environmental health and safety concepts for eight jobs. Risk is associated with Job (driver, electrician, pump attendant, etc.), after hazards to be identified (natural, environmental, technological, biochemical, etc.). Fuel truck drivers at Gaili area showed the most highly risk job. The result showed that 60% of the incidents were caused by the hydrocarbon fuel transport drivers at the study area as the most highly risk job, followed by the electricians being the most affected job by electrical shocks during working hours followed by the pump attendants then welders followed by mechanics; including fatalities, restricted work activities, injuries, first aid and property damage. The study recommended to formulate of temporary committees such as autumn committee is not efficient in solving the problem, HSE steering committee should be a permanent committee to direct the emergency planning according to risk based assessment for identified hazards.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91250611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Souda, S. George, N. Mannathoko, I. Goercke, Kelvin Chabaesele
Momordica balsamina is considered as a miracle herb used in African traditional medicine due to its tremendous medicinal and nutritional properties. In this present study we evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract of Momordica balsamina (MEMB). Phytochemical screening followed by thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometrydone to measure the radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity of MEMB was determined. Zones of inhibition, minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were measured by agar diffusion and liquid broth dilution assays to assess the antimicrobial activities of MEMB. Phytochemicals isolated were flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids and phenols. The antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of MEMB can be attributed to the total phenolic content and other bioactive phytochemicals.MEMB showed antimicrobicidal activity more against Gram positive than Gram negative organisms. S.agalactiae,S.aureus (ATCC 25923) and L.monocytogenes were more susceptible than Proteus mirabilis , E.coli, K.pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa or S. typhimurium. MEMB also showed antifungal activity against C.albicans species though at a higher concentration[MIC - 0.938mg/ml and MBC-1.875mg/ml]. MEMB can therefore be considered as a potential medication in the management of infectious diseases.
{"title":"Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract of Momordica Balsamina","authors":"S. Souda, S. George, N. Mannathoko, I. Goercke, Kelvin Chabaesele","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V10.N2.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V10.N2.P1","url":null,"abstract":"Momordica balsamina is considered as a miracle herb used in African traditional medicine due to its tremendous medicinal and nutritional properties. In this present study we evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract of Momordica balsamina (MEMB). Phytochemical screening followed by thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometrydone to measure the radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity of MEMB was determined. Zones of inhibition, minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were measured by agar diffusion and liquid broth dilution assays to assess the antimicrobial activities of MEMB. Phytochemicals isolated were flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids and phenols. The antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of MEMB can be attributed to the total phenolic content and other bioactive phytochemicals.MEMB showed antimicrobicidal activity more against Gram positive than Gram negative organisms. S.agalactiae,S.aureus (ATCC 25923) and L.monocytogenes were more susceptible than Proteus mirabilis , E.coli, K.pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa or S. typhimurium. MEMB also showed antifungal activity against C.albicans species though at a higher concentration[MIC - 0.938mg/ml and MBC-1.875mg/ml]. MEMB can therefore be considered as a potential medication in the management of infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82965737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While it is certain that various veterinary drugs used for the prevention and treatment of livestock animal diseases contribute to the stable production of animal products in recent years, on the other hand, the overuse or misuse of these drugs is of great concern because it can result in their presence in animal-derived foods for human consumption.To assure the safety of animal-derived foods for the consumer, Codex Aliamentarius sets maximum residue limits (MRLs) for veterinary drugs. Because determinations for veterinary drugs in the animal-derived foods are therefore an important specific activity to guarantee food safety, the validated analytical method for the determining target drugs are presently required. In answer to the present expansion and diversification in the international animal product trade, the development of international harmonized analytical methods (= universal standard methods) to determine veterinary drug residues in animal products is essential to guarantee equitable international trade in these foods and ensure food safety for consumers. Without regard for industrial nations and developing countries, the optimal harmonized analytical method for residue monitoring in foods must be quick, easy, reliable, inexpensive, and capable of quantifying residues at concentrations less than the target drug’s MRL in animal products and must cause no harm to the environment and analyst. Although several methods have been described in the literature for quantifying veterinary drugs in foods, these methods have three crucial drawbacks as follows: 1) the sample preparation operations are complicated and labor intensive, which are time-and cost-consuming, do not permit the determination of large number of samples, and can give low reproducibility; 2) organic solvents are used as extraction solvents, purification eluent, and/or as LC mobile phases without fail -Risk associated with these solvents extend beyond direct implications for the health of humans and wildlife to affect our environment and the ecosystem in which we all reside. Eliminating the use of organic solvents is an important goal in terms of environmental conservation, human health and the economy; 3)the detections/identifications are based on LC-MS or -MS/MS - The facilities that LC-MS/MS system is available are limited to part of industrial nations because these are hugely expensive, and the methodologies use complex and specific. These are unavailable in a lot of laboratories for routine analysis, particularly in developing countries. No optimal method that satisfies the aforementioned requirements has yet been identified. As an optimal technique that can be recommended as an international harmonized analytical method for the routine residue monitoring in animal-derived foods, this paper describes a quick, easy, and small-scale sample preparation followed by an isocratic water mobile phase HPLC method for determining sulfadimidine (SDD) in cow’s milk under no-use organ
{"title":"A Pipetting Sample Preparation with Water Eluent followed by Water Mobile Phase HPLC-DAD Analysis for Residual Monitoring of Sulfadimidine in Milk","authors":"N. Furusawa","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V10.N1.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V10.N1.P1","url":null,"abstract":"While it is certain that various veterinary drugs used for the prevention and treatment of livestock animal diseases contribute to the stable production of animal products in recent years, on the other hand, the overuse or misuse of these drugs is of great concern because it can result in their presence in animal-derived foods for human consumption.To assure the safety of animal-derived foods for the consumer, Codex Aliamentarius sets maximum residue limits (MRLs) for veterinary drugs. Because determinations for veterinary drugs in the animal-derived foods are therefore an important specific activity to guarantee food safety, the validated analytical method for the determining target drugs are presently required. In answer to the present expansion and diversification in the international animal product trade, the development of international harmonized analytical methods (= universal standard methods) to determine veterinary drug residues in animal products is essential to guarantee equitable international trade in these foods and ensure food safety for consumers. Without regard for industrial nations and developing countries, the optimal harmonized analytical method for residue monitoring in foods must be quick, easy, reliable, inexpensive, and capable of quantifying residues at concentrations less than the target drug’s MRL in animal products and must cause no harm to the environment and analyst. Although several methods have been described in the literature for quantifying veterinary drugs in foods, these methods have three crucial drawbacks as follows: 1) the sample preparation operations are complicated and labor intensive, which are time-and cost-consuming, do not permit the determination of large number of samples, and can give low reproducibility; 2) organic solvents are used as extraction solvents, purification eluent, and/or as LC mobile phases without fail -Risk associated with these solvents extend beyond direct implications for the health of humans and wildlife to affect our environment and the ecosystem in which we all reside. Eliminating the use of organic solvents is an important goal in terms of environmental conservation, human health and the economy; 3)the detections/identifications are based on LC-MS or -MS/MS - The facilities that LC-MS/MS system is available are limited to part of industrial nations because these are hugely expensive, and the methodologies use complex and specific. These are unavailable in a lot of laboratories for routine analysis, particularly in developing countries. No optimal method that satisfies the aforementioned requirements has yet been identified. As an optimal technique that can be recommended as an international harmonized analytical method for the routine residue monitoring in animal-derived foods, this paper describes a quick, easy, and small-scale sample preparation followed by an isocratic water mobile phase HPLC method for determining sulfadimidine (SDD) in cow’s milk under no-use organ","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84514422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A ferromagnetic material in the absence of an external magnetic field shows the peak of its specific heat in low temperature, called the Schottky anomaly, which is vital in understanding the low-energy structure of a given material. A general formula for the low-temperature behavior of the specific heat of an N-spin ferromagnetic material in an external magnetic field (the generalized Schottky anomaly) is obtained for the first time. Also, as a representative example of ferromagnetic materials in an external magnetic field, the low-temperature behavior of the specific heat for the Ising ferromagnet is studied.
{"title":"Low-Temperature Behavior of the Specific Heat for an N-Spin Ferromagnetic Material in an External Magnetic Field","authors":"Seung-Yeon Kim","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V9.N3.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V9.N3.P2","url":null,"abstract":"A ferromagnetic material in the absence of an external magnetic field shows the peak of its specific heat in low temperature, called the Schottky anomaly, which is vital in understanding the low-energy structure of a given material. A general formula for the low-temperature behavior of the specific heat of an N-spin ferromagnetic material in an external magnetic field (the generalized Schottky anomaly) is obtained for the first time. Also, as a representative example of ferromagnetic materials in an external magnetic field, the low-temperature behavior of the specific heat for the Ising ferromagnet is studied.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76351515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tah Clovis Tiku, Feumba Dibanda Romelle, Yadang Germaine, Nyobe Emillienne Carine, Achegui Nestor, Medoua Nama Gabriel, M. C. Moses
Response surface methodology was used to optimize the fermentation conditions for the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of black tea (Camellia sinensis). Fresh tea leaves were fermented following a rotatable central composite design of eleven experiments replicated thrice. The minimum and maximum fermentation time and temperature were respectively of 1 - 3 h and 30 - 40 °C. The results demonstrated that fermentation time and temperature significantly affect the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of black tea. The optimum fermentation conditions for the present study were at 36 °C for 35 min which the values for total phenolics content and total antioxidant activity were 38.99 g GAE/100 g dw and 19.74 mg VitC Eq/100 g dw, respectively. Antioxidant activity was strongly correlated with total phenolics content of black tea.
采用响应面法对红茶总酚含量和抗氧化活性的发酵条件进行优化。新鲜茶叶的发酵遵循11个可旋转中心复合设计，重复三次。最小发酵时间为1 ~ 3h，最大发酵温度为30 ~ 40℃。结果表明，发酵时间和发酵温度对红茶总酚含量和抗氧化活性有显著影响。本研究的最佳发酵条件为36℃发酵35 min，总酚含量为38.99 g GAE/100 g dw，总抗氧化活性为19.74 mg VitC Eq/100 g dw。抗氧化活性与红茶总酚含量密切相关。
{"title":"Optimization of Total Phenolics Content and Total Antioxidant Activity of Black Tea Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Tah Clovis Tiku, Feumba Dibanda Romelle, Yadang Germaine, Nyobe Emillienne Carine, Achegui Nestor, Medoua Nama Gabriel, M. C. Moses","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V9.N3.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V9.N3.P1","url":null,"abstract":"Response surface methodology was used to optimize the fermentation conditions for the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of black tea (Camellia sinensis). Fresh tea leaves were fermented following a rotatable central composite design of eleven experiments replicated thrice. The minimum and maximum fermentation time and temperature were respectively of 1 - 3 h and 30 - 40 °C. The results demonstrated that fermentation time and temperature significantly affect the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of black tea. The optimum fermentation conditions for the present study were at 36 °C for 35 min which the values for total phenolics content and total antioxidant activity were 38.99 g GAE/100 g dw and 19.74 mg VitC Eq/100 g dw, respectively. Antioxidant activity was strongly correlated with total phenolics content of black tea.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77383136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elaf Omer Ahmed Elsiddeg, Mohamed Salih Dafalla, M. Ibrahim, Balsm Ahmed Eltigani
Soil moisture is the key factor that controls plant biological processes and indicates the environmental status. Recently, the application of remote sensing techniques in soil moisture monitoring has been widely used. In this study soil moisture was monitored during pre-autumn in March, autumn in September and post-autumn in December (2002), in order to identify the signature of different types of moist soils, which can be useful to interpret images. Supervised classification technique was adopted to determine the dominant land use/land cover classes in the area so that they can be vital indicators for the area and its suitability for many life styles. Monitoring moisture statuses can be used for general evaluation of land suitability for agriculture. The assessment of moisture statuses was performed in landsat ETM+ images using band 5 (MIR) as it is known as a sensitive band for moisture status and band 6 (Thermal) as a sensitive band to temperature variation as indicator of moisture status. The study revealed that band 5 and band 6 can be used to monitor soil moisture status during the different seasons in semi-arid areas, however, band 6 is less sensitive to variations in moisture. Therefore, this study recommends the use of Band 5 for monitoring soil moisture in semi-arid regions, and does not recommend the use of band 6 alone but with some supporting bands.
{"title":"Assessment of Soil Moisture Status Using Mid and Thermal Infrared Bands Case Study: Wadi Hassib, Khartoum State, Sudan","authors":"Elaf Omer Ahmed Elsiddeg, Mohamed Salih Dafalla, M. Ibrahim, Balsm Ahmed Eltigani","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V9.N2.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V9.N2.P1","url":null,"abstract":"Soil moisture is the key factor that controls plant biological processes and indicates the environmental status. Recently, the application of remote sensing techniques in soil moisture monitoring has been widely used. In this study soil moisture was monitored during pre-autumn in March, autumn in September and post-autumn in December (2002), in order to identify the signature of different types of moist soils, which can be useful to interpret images. Supervised classification technique was adopted to determine the dominant land use/land cover classes in the area so that they can be vital indicators for the area and its suitability for many life styles. Monitoring moisture statuses can be used for general evaluation of land suitability for agriculture. The assessment of moisture statuses was performed in landsat ETM+ images using band 5 (MIR) as it is known as a sensitive band for moisture status and band 6 (Thermal) as a sensitive band to temperature variation as indicator of moisture status. The study revealed that band 5 and band 6 can be used to monitor soil moisture status during the different seasons in semi-arid areas, however, band 6 is less sensitive to variations in moisture. Therefore, this study recommends the use of Band 5 for monitoring soil moisture in semi-arid regions, and does not recommend the use of band 6 alone but with some supporting bands.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91297936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the production of more than 90% of saffron in Iran, any study in order to progress in the field of mechanical harvesting and increase the quality of this product, seems to be logical and economical. Mechanical harvesting of saffron is needed to determine the required force for picking. Therefore, picking force of flowers was carried out in three different fields. In each field, the measurement was performed for 10 flowers by appropriateequipment. The results showed that the average force required for picking the flowers which was around 0.8N. Picking force for saffron leaves were performed in three replications in the fields for 2 and 6 years. The results showed that the force depended on several factors: the type of irrigation water, soil type and saffron farm life. Average tensile force in the second year and in the sixth year was about of 3N and 8N.
{"title":"Evaluation and Determination of Tensile Force of Saffron Flower for Mechanical Harvesting","authors":"M. Mazloumzadeh","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V9.N1.P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V9.N1.P3","url":null,"abstract":"According to the production of more than 90% of saffron in Iran, any study in order to progress in the field of mechanical harvesting and increase the quality of this product, seems to be logical and economical. Mechanical harvesting of saffron is needed to determine the required force for picking. Therefore, picking force of flowers was carried out in three different fields. In each field, the measurement was performed for 10 flowers by appropriateequipment. The results showed that the average force required for picking the flowers which was around 0.8N. Picking force for saffron leaves were performed in three replications in the fields for 2 and 6 years. The results showed that the force depended on several factors: the type of irrigation water, soil type and saffron farm life. Average tensile force in the second year and in the sixth year was about of 3N and 8N.","PeriodicalId":14487,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79110657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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