Natural clay drags attention because of their wide application, ample availability, lower cost and ease of modification. Acid treatment of raw clay is easiest way to activate clay. Acid activation improves their bleaching action and also enhances their efficiency as adsorbent. In this paper, study is focused on different aspects of acid activation. Changes in structure, chemical and mineralogical composition and surface morphology have been studied using advanced techniques like FTIR, EDAX, XRD and SEM, respectively. Textural characteristics like surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter were also determined using BET method. The results indicate that surface area is increased four times after acid activation and mesoporosity of the sample also increased. It is observed that octahedral cations were more prone to acid attack rather than tetrahedral one. Due to leaching of octahedral cations and interlayer exchangeable cations, changes in chemical composition and modification in structure has occurred as identified by EDX and FTIR. XRD studies of untreated clay confirmed montmorillonite nature of sample. Results further showed the presence of mineral phase other than montmorillonite. For activated clay, XRD results indicate partial degradation of clay structure as a consequence of acid treatment. Surface morphology reveals that surface of clay is getting improved and grains of quartz can be observed after acid activation.
{"title":"Influence of Acid Activation on Natural Calcium Montmorillonite Clay","authors":"Soniya Sharma, Geetha Sarasan","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006027177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006027177","url":null,"abstract":"Natural clay drags attention because of their wide application, ample availability, lower cost and ease of modification. Acid treatment of raw clay is easiest way to activate clay. Acid activation improves their bleaching action and also enhances their efficiency as adsorbent. In this paper, study is focused on different aspects of acid activation. Changes in structure, chemical and mineralogical composition and surface morphology have been studied using advanced techniques like FTIR, EDAX, XRD and SEM, respectively. Textural characteristics like surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter were also determined using BET method. The results indicate that surface area is increased four times after acid activation and mesoporosity of the sample also increased. It is observed that octahedral cations were more prone to acid attack rather than tetrahedral one. Due to leaching of octahedral cations and interlayer exchangeable cations, changes in chemical composition and modification in structure has occurred as identified by EDX and FTIR. XRD studies of untreated clay confirmed montmorillonite nature of sample. Results further showed the presence of mineral phase other than montmorillonite. For activated clay, XRD results indicate partial degradation of clay structure as a consequence of acid treatment. Surface morphology reveals that surface of clay is getting improved and grains of quartz can be observed after acid activation.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79834800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Devi, N. B. Rao, M. RadhaSirija, D. Ramachandran
Densities ρ, viscosities η and ultrasonic speeds of soundof binary mixtures of Propiophenone (PPH) with 2-Alkoxy Ethanols [2-Methoxy Ethanol, 2-Ethoxy Ethanol, 2-Butoxy Ethanol] have beenmeasured over the entire composition range from 303.15K to 318.15K and at atmospheric pressure 0.1MPa. Theworked out experimental data has been used to calculate various acoustical parameters like excess molar volume V E , excess ultrasonic velocity U E , acoustic impedance Z, excess acoustic impedance (Z E ), isentropic compressibility KS,excess isentropic compressibility Ks , intermolecular free length Lf,excess intermolecular free-length (Lf ), deviation in viscosity Δη were calculatedand the computed results were fitted with the Redlich Kister equation to estimate the binary coefficients and standard deviation between experimental and calculated data.At different concentrations, FTIR analysis has been done for the above binary mixtures to confirm the hydrogen bonding presence.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Excess Properties and FTIR Spectroscopic Studies of Binary Mixtures Containing Propiophenone and 2- Alkoxy Ethanolsat Temperatures 303.15K, 308.15K, 313.5Kand 318.15K","authors":"N. Devi, N. B. Rao, M. RadhaSirija, D. Ramachandran","doi":"10.9790/5736-1007014456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1007014456","url":null,"abstract":"Densities ρ, viscosities η and ultrasonic speeds of soundof binary mixtures of Propiophenone (PPH) with 2-Alkoxy Ethanols [2-Methoxy Ethanol, 2-Ethoxy Ethanol, 2-Butoxy Ethanol] have beenmeasured over the entire composition range from 303.15K to 318.15K and at atmospheric pressure 0.1MPa. Theworked out experimental data has been used to calculate various acoustical parameters like excess molar volume V E , excess ultrasonic velocity U E , acoustic impedance Z, excess acoustic impedance (Z E ), isentropic compressibility KS,excess isentropic compressibility Ks , intermolecular free length Lf,excess intermolecular free-length (Lf ), deviation in viscosity Δη were calculatedand the computed results were fitted with the Redlich Kister equation to estimate the binary coefficients and standard deviation between experimental and calculated data.At different concentrations, FTIR analysis has been done for the above binary mixtures to confirm the hydrogen bonding presence.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82852993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract : Adansonia digitata (Baobab) pulp and seeds extracts have been tested for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1.0 M H2SO4 solution at room temperature. The inhibition efficiency and corrosion rate were studied using gravimetric, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The surface morphology of MS was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Results revealed that Adansonia digitata seeds extract (ADSE) was found to be better corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in H2SO4 than Adansonia digitata pulp extracts (ADPE). Inhibition efficiency was found to be 57.65% and 68.70% for ADPE and ADSE respectively. Polarization studies revealed that both ADPE and ADSE act as mixed-type inhibitor. Adsorption isotherm was found using experimental data obtained in weight loss measurements. The absorption of both extracts on the mild steel surface was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The surface analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed both ADPE and ADSE played a significant protective effect on mild steel in1.0 M H2SO4 solution. ADPE and ADSE could serve as effective green inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in 1.0 M H2SO4 solution due to the adsorption of phytoconstituents of extracts.
摘要:研究了猴面包树(Adansonia digitata, Baobab)果肉和种子提取物在1.0 M H2SO4溶液中对低碳钢的缓蚀作用。采用重量法、极化法和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了其缓蚀效率和腐蚀速率。用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了质谱的表面形貌。结果表明，ADSE在H2SO4中对低碳钢的缓蚀性能优于ADPE。对ADPE和ADSE的抑制率分别为57.65%和68.70%。极化研究表明ADPE和ADSE均为混合型抑制剂。吸附等温线是利用失重测量得到的实验数据得到的。两种提取物在低碳钢表面的吸附均遵循Langmuir吸附等温线。扫描电镜(SEM)表面分析证实，在1.0 M H2SO4溶液中，ADPE和ADSE对低碳钢均有显著的保护作用。在1.0 M H2SO4溶液中，ADPE和ADSE对其提取物中的植物成分有吸附作用，可作为有效的缓蚀剂。
{"title":"Corrosion Inhibitive and Adsorption Behaviour of Methanolic Extracts of Adansonia digitata (Baobab) Fruit Pulp and Seeds for Mild Steel in 1.0 M H2SO4","authors":"P. Karungamye, H. Murthy","doi":"10.9790/5736-1007016474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1007016474","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract : Adansonia digitata (Baobab) pulp and seeds extracts have been tested for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1.0 M H2SO4 solution at room temperature. The inhibition efficiency and corrosion rate were studied using gravimetric, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The surface morphology of MS was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Results revealed that Adansonia digitata seeds extract (ADSE) was found to be better corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in H2SO4 than Adansonia digitata pulp extracts (ADPE). Inhibition efficiency was found to be 57.65% and 68.70% for ADPE and ADSE respectively. Polarization studies revealed that both ADPE and ADSE act as mixed-type inhibitor. Adsorption isotherm was found using experimental data obtained in weight loss measurements. The absorption of both extracts on the mild steel surface was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The surface analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed both ADPE and ADSE played a significant protective effect on mild steel in1.0 M H2SO4 solution. ADPE and ADSE could serve as effective green inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in 1.0 M H2SO4 solution due to the adsorption of phytoconstituents of extracts.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90893798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The azo dye namely 4-nitro phenyl azo salicylic acid was synthesized and characterized by IR ,UV and NMR spectroscopy. The monomer was synthesized by the reaction of azo dye namely 4-nitrophenyl azo salicylic acid and methacryloyl chloride in the solvent medium of THF under reflux. Lastly the monomer 2methacryloyl-1(4’-nitro-4-azo-1’-phenyl)salicylic acid was co-polymerzed with methylacrylate in the solvent medium of DMF at 110 o c. All the monomers and co-polymer were characterized by IR,UV and NMR spectroscopy. The polymer has good photoconducting property. Moreover the non-lincar optical polymer can be used as photorefractive system.The polymer has good thermal stability indicating occurance of strong inter and intramolecular dipolar interactions Originated by the presence of high charge delocalization in the macromolecular side chain.
{"title":"Synthesis of Photoconducting Non-linear Optical Co-Polymer of 2-Methacryloyl-1-(4’-nitro-4-azo-1’Phenyl) Salicylic acid With Methylacrylate","authors":"D. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.9790/5736-1007010710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1007010710","url":null,"abstract":"The azo dye namely 4-nitro phenyl azo salicylic acid was synthesized and characterized by IR ,UV and NMR spectroscopy. The monomer was synthesized by the reaction of azo dye namely 4-nitrophenyl azo salicylic acid and methacryloyl chloride in the solvent medium of THF under reflux. Lastly the monomer 2methacryloyl-1(4’-nitro-4-azo-1’-phenyl)salicylic acid was co-polymerzed with methylacrylate in the solvent medium of DMF at 110 o c. All the monomers and co-polymer were characterized by IR,UV and NMR spectroscopy. The polymer has good photoconducting property. Moreover the non-lincar optical polymer can be used as photorefractive system.The polymer has good thermal stability indicating occurance of strong inter and intramolecular dipolar interactions Originated by the presence of high charge delocalization in the macromolecular side chain.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77400988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this research work is to develop a suitable HPLC method for the quantitative determination of process impurity (4-Bromophenyl) {Pyridine-2-yl} Acetonitrile as this compound is organic cyano compound hence it is necessary to quantify at ppm level presence of Brompheniramine Maleate Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. Hence the HPLC method was developed on Instrument Waters 717 plus Auto Sampler, Waters 2487 Dual _ Absorbance Detector, Waters 2695 Separation Module, Waters 996 PDA Detector with Empower 2 Software on HPLC column Varian C18, 150 x 4.6 mm, 5μ at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation for the impurity were established. Validation of the new developed HPLC method was carried out as per requirements of ICH guideline and the data shows that the proposed method is specific, linear, accurate, precise and robust. This method has been tested in a number of Brompheniramine Maleate samples and used successfully for quantification of the impurity at ppm level. The developed HPLC method was found to be suitable to quantify this impurity (4-Bromophenyl) {Pyridine-2-yl} Acetonitrile at ppm level present Brompheniramine Maleate.
{"title":"Quantification Of (4-Bromophenyl){Pyridine-2-Yl} Acetonitrile Impurity (4-BPPA) By HPLC In Bromopheniramine Maleate Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient","authors":"S. S. Wagh, S. Kothari, Manohar V. Lokhande","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006022631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006022631","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research work is to develop a suitable HPLC method for the quantitative determination of process impurity (4-Bromophenyl) {Pyridine-2-yl} Acetonitrile as this compound is organic cyano compound hence it is necessary to quantify at ppm level presence of Brompheniramine Maleate Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient. Hence the HPLC method was developed on Instrument Waters 717 plus Auto Sampler, Waters 2487 Dual _ Absorbance Detector, Waters 2695 Separation Module, Waters 996 PDA Detector with Empower 2 Software on HPLC column Varian C18, 150 x 4.6 mm, 5μ at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation for the impurity were established. Validation of the new developed HPLC method was carried out as per requirements of ICH guideline and the data shows that the proposed method is specific, linear, accurate, precise and robust. This method has been tested in a number of Brompheniramine Maleate samples and used successfully for quantification of the impurity at ppm level. The developed HPLC method was found to be suitable to quantify this impurity (4-Bromophenyl) {Pyridine-2-yl} Acetonitrile at ppm level present Brompheniramine Maleate.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88907429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research work is to develop a suitable GCMS method for the quantitative determination of Genotoxic impurity 2-Dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (DMC HCl). The compound is inorganic and it is not easy to quantify at ppm level present in Chlorpheniramine/ Chlorphenamine Maleate Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) with any other methods. Hence the GCMS method was developed on Thermo Scientific, WAXMS, 30 m x 0.32 mm x 0.25μmcolumn using Thermo Scientific Trace 1310 and TSQ at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Under these conditions impurity was quantified by selecting mass range 40 – 700 amu. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation for the impurity were established. Validation of the developed GCMS method was carried out as per ICH requirements and the data shows that, the proposed method is specific, linear, accurate, precise and robust. This method has been tested in a number of Chlorpheniramine/ Chlorphenamine Maleate samples and used successfully for quantification of the impurity at ppm level. The developed GCMS method was found to be suitable to quantify the Genotoxic impurity 2-Dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (DMC HCl) at ppm level present Chlorpheniramine/ Chlorphenamine Maleate.
本研究的目的是建立一种适用于基因毒性杂质2-二甲氨基乙基氯盐酸盐(DMC HCl)的气相色谱法。该化合物是无机的，不容易用任何其他方法在氯非那敏/马来酸氯非那敏活性药物成分(api)中存在的ppm水平下进行量化。因此，采用Thermo Scientific, WAXMS, 30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25μm柱，使用Thermo Scientific Trace 1310和TSQ，流速为1.0 mL/min，建立了GCMS方法。在此条件下，选择质量范围40 ~ 700amu对杂质进行定量。建立了杂质的检出限和定量限。根据ICH要求对所建立的GCMS方法进行了验证，数据表明所建立的方法具有专属性、线性、准确度、精密度和鲁棒性。该方法已在许多氯苯那敏/马来酸氯苯那敏样品中进行了测试，并成功地用于ppm水平的杂质定量。在氯非那敏/马来酸氯非那敏存在的ppm水平下，所建立的气相色谱联用法适用于基因毒性杂质2-二甲氨基乙基氯盐酸盐(DMC HCl)的定量。
{"title":"Confirmation and Quantification of Genotoxic Impurity 2- Dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (DMC HCl) by GCMS in Chlorpheniramine/Chlorphenamine Maleate","authors":"Prashant B. Zate, S. Kothari, Manohar V. Lokhande","doi":"10.9790/5736-1007012126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1007012126","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research work is to develop a suitable GCMS method for the quantitative determination of Genotoxic impurity 2-Dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (DMC HCl). The compound is inorganic and it is not easy to quantify at ppm level present in Chlorpheniramine/ Chlorphenamine Maleate Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) with any other methods. Hence the GCMS method was developed on Thermo Scientific, WAXMS, 30 m x 0.32 mm x 0.25μmcolumn using Thermo Scientific Trace 1310 and TSQ at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Under these conditions impurity was quantified by selecting mass range 40 – 700 amu. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation for the impurity were established. Validation of the developed GCMS method was carried out as per ICH requirements and the data shows that, the proposed method is specific, linear, accurate, precise and robust. This method has been tested in a number of Chlorpheniramine/ Chlorphenamine Maleate samples and used successfully for quantification of the impurity at ppm level. The developed GCMS method was found to be suitable to quantify the Genotoxic impurity 2-Dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (DMC HCl) at ppm level present Chlorpheniramine/ Chlorphenamine Maleate.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85094809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inhibition of soybean (Glycine max) urease by heavy metal ions has been investigated with a view to developing a method for the indirect determination the heavy metals. Urease activity was assayed as a function of metal concentration in the presence of Cd 2+ , Cr 3+ , As 3+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ . Our results revealed concentration dependent inhibition of urease activity within the range of 0.001 – 10 mg/L for Cu 2+ , As 3+ , Cr 3+ and Cd 2+ and 0.1 – 10 mg/L for Zn 2+ and Pb 2+ . The inhibitory strengths of the metals as evaluated from their IC50 values showed the following ranking: Cu 2+ > As 3+ > Cr 3+ > Cd 2+ >Zn 2+ > Pb 2+ . Assays for multi-metal solutions revealed similar findings as the single-metal systems but with higher inhibitory strengths. The calibration plots of % inhibition against concentration displayed different linear ranges for the investigated metals; Cu As, Cr and Cd showed linearity within the range of 0.01 – 10mg/L while Zn and Pb plots were linear within 0.1 – 10 mg/L. The applicability of the assay for the quantitative determination of heavy metals was evaluated by analysing synthetic water samples and comparing the results with a standard method (AAS). T-test examination revealed 74% agreement between the two methods. The results of this study show that soybean urease can be valuable for the inhibitive determination of heavy metals in aqueous samples.
{"title":"Assessment of Metal - Induced Inhibition of Soybean Urease as a Tool for Measuring Heavy Metals in Aqueous Samples","authors":"A. M. Magomya, J. T. Barminas, S. Osemeahon","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006026170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006026170","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibition of soybean (Glycine max) urease by heavy metal ions has been investigated with a view to developing a method for the indirect determination the heavy metals. Urease activity was assayed as a function of metal concentration in the presence of Cd 2+ , Cr 3+ , As 3+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ . Our results revealed concentration dependent inhibition of urease activity within the range of 0.001 – 10 mg/L for Cu 2+ , As 3+ , Cr 3+ and Cd 2+ and 0.1 – 10 mg/L for Zn 2+ and Pb 2+ . The inhibitory strengths of the metals as evaluated from their IC50 values showed the following ranking: Cu 2+ > As 3+ > Cr 3+ > Cd 2+ >Zn 2+ > Pb 2+ . Assays for multi-metal solutions revealed similar findings as the single-metal systems but with higher inhibitory strengths. The calibration plots of % inhibition against concentration displayed different linear ranges for the investigated metals; Cu As, Cr and Cd showed linearity within the range of 0.01 – 10mg/L while Zn and Pb plots were linear within 0.1 – 10 mg/L. The applicability of the assay for the quantitative determination of heavy metals was evaluated by analysing synthetic water samples and comparing the results with a standard method (AAS). T-test examination revealed 74% agreement between the two methods. The results of this study show that soybean urease can be valuable for the inhibitive determination of heavy metals in aqueous samples.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82992949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysis is the basic in every product or service and is very essential in drugs as it deals with life. Analytical chemistry is the study of material with respect to its qualitative and quantitative composition. In order to ensure the safety and efficacy of all drugs throughout all phases of its life shelf, considering its storage, distribution and use, every pharmaceutical product should be analytically monitored to find the impurity level in any pharmaceutical drug with the help of new techniques and methodologies like UV Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and HPLC Methods.
{"title":"Impurity Profiling of Pharmaceutical Drugs By Various Methods","authors":"S. Churi, Manohar V. Lokhande","doi":"10.9790/5736-1007012734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1007012734","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis is the basic in every product or service and is very essential in drugs as it deals with life. Analytical chemistry is the study of material with respect to its qualitative and quantitative composition. In order to ensure the safety and efficacy of all drugs throughout all phases of its life shelf, considering its storage, distribution and use, every pharmaceutical product should be analytically monitored to find the impurity level in any pharmaceutical drug with the help of new techniques and methodologies like UV Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and HPLC Methods.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80733501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lavakusa Banavatu, A. Ramesh, N. Rao, K. Basavaiah
The influences of the various preparation parameters (including the pH value, reaction temperature, and holding time) on the phase formation and morphology development were investigated in detail. Graphite was observed on the surface of γBi2MoO6 after the co-precipitation and calcination treatment. The synthesized Bi2MoO6 –Graphite flake composite nanoparticles (NP’s) were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) for identify crystalline phases and particle size, Raman spectroscopy is identify active species during the reaction, UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) revealed for band energy of semiconductors, Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) to determine morphology and shape of supported particles and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for elemental analysis of synthesized nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6 catalyst was evaluated using the degradation of Methylene blue under Visible light irradiation at room temperature. A remarkable enhancement in the visible photo light activity was observed over the Bi2MoO6-Graphite composite compared to pure Bi2MoO6.
{"title":"Enhancement of Photocatalytic activity of γ- Bi2MoO6 with Graphite flake under Visible light irradiation","authors":"Lavakusa Banavatu, A. Ramesh, N. Rao, K. Basavaiah","doi":"10.9790/5736-1007011117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1007011117","url":null,"abstract":"The influences of the various preparation parameters (including the pH value, reaction temperature, and holding time) on the phase formation and morphology development were investigated in detail. Graphite was observed on the surface of γBi2MoO6 after the co-precipitation and calcination treatment. The synthesized Bi2MoO6 –Graphite flake composite nanoparticles (NP’s) were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) for identify crystalline phases and particle size, Raman spectroscopy is identify active species during the reaction, UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) revealed for band energy of semiconductors, Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) to determine morphology and shape of supported particles and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for elemental analysis of synthesized nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6 catalyst was evaluated using the degradation of Methylene blue under Visible light irradiation at room temperature. A remarkable enhancement in the visible photo light activity was observed over the Bi2MoO6-Graphite composite compared to pure Bi2MoO6.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73321025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was aimed at assessing the levels of some toxic metals in different Lipstick products sold at different shopping malls and markets in Goa Metropolis. The cosmetic items included eighteen lipsticks of various prices. The lipsticks were digested and analyzed for heavy metals ( lead, cadmium and Nickel) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.It is obvious from the present study that the use of these lipsticks exposes users to low concentrations of toxic heavy metals which could constitute potential health risk to users since they are known to accumulate in biological systems over time. Similarly, regular monitoring of other heavy metals and chemicals used in the manufacture of lipsticks products which may cause health risks to users should be emphasized.
{"title":"Analysis of Heavy Metals in Lipstick by the Various PhysioChemical and Instrumental Methods","authors":"Roopa S Belurkar, M. S. Yadawe","doi":"10.9790/5736-1007010106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1007010106","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed at assessing the levels of some toxic metals in different Lipstick products sold at different shopping malls and markets in Goa Metropolis. The cosmetic items included eighteen lipsticks of various prices. The lipsticks were digested and analyzed for heavy metals ( lead, cadmium and Nickel) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.It is obvious from the present study that the use of these lipsticks exposes users to low concentrations of toxic heavy metals which could constitute potential health risk to users since they are known to accumulate in biological systems over time. Similarly, regular monitoring of other heavy metals and chemicals used in the manufacture of lipsticks products which may cause health risks to users should be emphasized.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86103612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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