Silver nano particles were synthesized using Tabebuia aurea (TA) leaf extracts as reducing agents and silver nitrate as precursor. This method provides an economic and eco-friendly green synthesis of silver nano particles. Formation of silver nano particles were confirmed by colour change from light brown to dark brown. The aqueous silver ions when exposed to leaf broth were reduced and resulted in the green synthesis of silver nano particles. The bio reduced silver nano particles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM and EDX. The absorbance spectrum of aqueous medium containing SNPs showed a peak at around 410440nm.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tabebuia Aurea Leaf Extract","authors":"B. Prathibha, K. Priya","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006012329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006012329","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nano particles were synthesized using Tabebuia aurea (TA) leaf extracts as reducing agents and silver nitrate as precursor. This method provides an economic and eco-friendly green synthesis of silver nano particles. Formation of silver nano particles were confirmed by colour change from light brown to dark brown. The aqueous silver ions when exposed to leaf broth were reduced and resulted in the green synthesis of silver nano particles. The bio reduced silver nano particles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM and EDX. The absorbance spectrum of aqueous medium containing SNPs showed a peak at around 410440nm.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"58 1","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84455935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rashd. M. El Ferjani, M. Ahmad, F. Harun, Bulgasem Y. Bulgasem
A new chain of Schiff base complexes made up of Cu (II), Co (II), Cd (II),Ni (II), and Mn (II) ions derivatives were obtained by the condensation of 4-dimethyl-aminobenzaldehyde, and 4-aminoantipyrin and some amino acids. The structures of all synthesized complexes were established on the basis of their elemental analysis (UV, FTIR, and 1 HNMR). The study of X-ray crystallographic shows that the compound (Z)-4-((4(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (L5) crystallized in monoclinic system with space group of C2/c and the unit cell dimensions are a= 17.7916, b= 6.8610, c= 29.7199, α =90.000 β =101.326 γ = 90.000., Z = 8 and V = 3557.20 Å 3 .The antibacterial activity of the complexes are tested against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
通过4-二甲基氨基苯甲醛、4-氨基安替吡林和某些氨基酸的缩合反应，得到了由Cu (II)、Co (II)、Cd (II)、Ni (II)和Mn (II)离子衍生物组成的新的席夫碱配合物链。通过元素分析(UV, FTIR和1hnmr)确定了所有合成配合物的结构。x射线晶体学研究表明，化合物(Z)-4-((4(二甲氨基)苄基)氨基)-1,5-二甲基-2-苯基-1,2-二氢- 3h -吡唑-3-酮(L5)在单斜晶系中结晶，空间群为C2/c，晶胞尺寸为a= 17.7916, b= 6.8610, c= 29.7199， α =90.000 β =101.326 γ =90.000。， Z = 8, V = 3557.20 Å 3 .测定了该配合物对枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性。
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activityof Schiff Bases Derived from 4-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde with Some Amino Acids and 4-Aminoantipyrine toward Cu (II), Ni (II), Co (II), Cd (II) and Mn (II) Ions","authors":"Rashd. M. El Ferjani, M. Ahmad, F. Harun, Bulgasem Y. Bulgasem","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006010613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006010613","url":null,"abstract":"A new chain of Schiff base complexes made up of Cu (II), Co (II), Cd (II),Ni (II), and Mn (II) ions derivatives were obtained by the condensation of 4-dimethyl-aminobenzaldehyde, and 4-aminoantipyrin and some amino acids. The structures of all synthesized complexes were established on the basis of their elemental analysis (UV, FTIR, and 1 HNMR). The study of X-ray crystallographic shows that the compound (Z)-4-((4(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (L5) crystallized in monoclinic system with space group of C2/c and the unit cell dimensions are a= 17.7916, b= 6.8610, c= 29.7199, α =90.000 β =101.326 γ = 90.000., Z = 8 and V = 3557.20 Å 3 .The antibacterial activity of the complexes are tested against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"202 1","pages":"06-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82819442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently bio-based polymers have received great importance due to their eco-friendly properties towards environment. As a substitute of conventional reinforcing synthetic polymer, bio-based polymers were from renewable resources like cardanol, i.e., the meta-substituted phenolic compound the chief product of CNSL. A number of IPNs have been synthesized by condensing di-azotised-4-amino benzoic acid and 3-amino benzoic acid cardanol dye with polyurethane of soybean oil. The IPNs produced have been characterized by FTIR, TGA, DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry). Elemental analysis and WAXRD studies. Thermal stability of IPNs has been studied by both TGA and DSC which provides heat capacity and kinetic parameters (order of reaction and activation energy) by Freeman Anderson method of the sample.
{"title":"Comparison of Thermal Degradation, WAXRD Studies and SEM of Renewable Resources Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks","authors":"B. Satpathy, N. Pal","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006020825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006020825","url":null,"abstract":"Recently bio-based polymers have received great importance due to their eco-friendly properties towards environment. As a substitute of conventional reinforcing synthetic polymer, bio-based polymers were from renewable resources like cardanol, i.e., the meta-substituted phenolic compound the chief product of CNSL. A number of IPNs have been synthesized by condensing di-azotised-4-amino benzoic acid and 3-amino benzoic acid cardanol dye with polyurethane of soybean oil. The IPNs produced have been characterized by FTIR, TGA, DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry). Elemental analysis and WAXRD studies. Thermal stability of IPNs has been studied by both TGA and DSC which provides heat capacity and kinetic parameters (order of reaction and activation energy) by Freeman Anderson method of the sample.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"08-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89883277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The kinetics of the interaction between Chromium (vi) Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide were studied. Hydrogen Peroxide is marketed in the form of an aqueous solution and being a limiting reagent in this research, its concentration was first determined by titration with standard solution of Potassium Permanganate (0.02M) before its subsequent utilization. The effect of varying mass of CrO3 on the decomposition of fixed volume of H2O2 was studied by measuring the volume of oxygen evolved and the time taken for the evolution to cease. Similarly, the effect of the decomposition of varying volumes of H2O2 with fixed mass of CrO3 was also studied. At the end of the reaction, the volume of O2 evolved and the time taken for the evolution of O2 were equally recorded. The results of the above decompositions indicated that CrO3 acted as a catalyst. The decomposition of H2O2 catalyzed by CrO3 was found to be a first order reaction. This was determined through the measurement of the half-life of the same reaction. The results of the titrations of acidified solution of H2O2 against KMnO4 solution at different time intervals carried out at 35 o C and 45 o C were used in calculating the specific rate constants and were found to be 3.11 x10 -2 and 6.11 x 10 respectively. Furthermore, the values of the specific rate constants obtained were used in calculating the activation energy of the reaction (Ea) which was found to be 13.49075 kcal.
{"title":"Determination of Kinetic Parameters in the interaction between Hydrogen Peroxide and Chromium (VI) Oxide","authors":"Abdu, U. Faruq, A. Aska, S. Dangoggo, K. Baraya","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006019194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006019194","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetics of the interaction between Chromium (vi) Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide were studied. Hydrogen Peroxide is marketed in the form of an aqueous solution and being a limiting reagent in this research, its concentration was first determined by titration with standard solution of Potassium Permanganate (0.02M) before its subsequent utilization. The effect of varying mass of CrO3 on the decomposition of fixed volume of H2O2 was studied by measuring the volume of oxygen evolved and the time taken for the evolution to cease. Similarly, the effect of the decomposition of varying volumes of H2O2 with fixed mass of CrO3 was also studied. At the end of the reaction, the volume of O2 evolved and the time taken for the evolution of O2 were equally recorded. The results of the above decompositions indicated that CrO3 acted as a catalyst. The decomposition of H2O2 catalyzed by CrO3 was found to be a first order reaction. This was determined through the measurement of the half-life of the same reaction. The results of the titrations of acidified solution of H2O2 against KMnO4 solution at different time intervals carried out at 35 o C and 45 o C were used in calculating the specific rate constants and were found to be 3.11 x10 -2 and 6.11 x 10 respectively. Furthermore, the values of the specific rate constants obtained were used in calculating the activation energy of the reaction (Ea) which was found to be 13.49075 kcal.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"32 1","pages":"91-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88128944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. B. D. Kapelle, T. Irawadi, M. S. Rusli, Nini Munirah Renur
Asymmetric curcumin analogue compound is an anticancer compound synthesized from cullilawan oil with several stages of the process such as; Isolation of safrol from cullilawan oil, safol isomerisation, oxidation, intermediate product synthesis and asymmetric curcumin analog synthesis. The amount of energy used for asymmetric curcumin analog synthesis process gives effect to yield. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of process energy on asymmetric curcumin analogue yield from lawang oil. The results of the study showed that the synthesis of curcumin analogue compounds using microwave method on different energy quantities (8.4kJ, 25.2 kJ, 33.6 kJ, 75 kJ) gives effect to yield. The greater the energy used in the process will lower the yield and the energy that gives the highest yield is 8.4 kJ.
{"title":"The Influence of Process Energy on the Yield of Asymmetric Curcumin Analog from Cullilawan Oil","authors":"I. B. D. Kapelle, T. Irawadi, M. S. Rusli, Nini Munirah Renur","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006010105","url":null,"abstract":"Asymmetric curcumin analogue compound is an anticancer compound synthesized from cullilawan oil with several stages of the process such as; Isolation of safrol from cullilawan oil, safol isomerisation, oxidation, intermediate product synthesis and asymmetric curcumin analog synthesis. The amount of energy used for asymmetric curcumin analog synthesis process gives effect to yield. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of process energy on asymmetric curcumin analogue yield from lawang oil. The results of the study showed that the synthesis of curcumin analogue compounds using microwave method on different energy quantities (8.4kJ, 25.2 kJ, 33.6 kJ, 75 kJ) gives effect to yield. The greater the energy used in the process will lower the yield and the energy that gives the highest yield is 8.4 kJ.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"23 1","pages":"01-05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81134009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
About 17.2 million Kenyans lack access to clean water due to increased population growth, high rate of industrialisation and poor waste management. The situation may worsen if immediate measures are not taken. Lead and cadmium are the main heavy metals in contaminated water and their harmful effects such as lung cancer, mental retardation and nerve disorder cannot be under estimated. Available methods for removing these metal ions from water such as use of activated carbon are very expensive and unaffordable to low income earners. Maize cobs which have minimal use after maize harvesting can be utilised to reduce environmental pollution. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the ability of maize cobs derived products to adsorb both lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions and remove methylene blue and turbidity from contaminated water. Maize cobs charcoal was prepared by heating dry maize cobs in a furnace in limited air. Activation was done by use of 1 M sulphuric acid and heating the mixture in a closed vessel. Maize cob ash was generated by heating dry maize cobs in a furnace. Ability of these adsorbents to adsorb lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions from the solution was investigated by carrying out batch experiment and varying parameters such as contact time, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose, temperature and shaking speed. The data obtained was fitted in Langmuir and Freundlich models. Activated charcoal gave the best fit in Langmuir for lead ions with maximum adsorption capacity of 13.0 mg/g. Ash fitted in Freundlich model with r 2 =0.953. For removal of cadmium (II) ions, all the adsorbents gave best fit in Freundlich with maize cob charcoal having the highest adsorption capacity of 24.3 mg/g and r 2 =0.997. Among the three adsorbent only ash was found to have the ability of removing turbidity from water. This implies that maize cob derived products can be used to remove lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions
{"title":"Removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ Ions, Colour and Turbidity from Water Using Carbon and Ash Derived From Maize Cobs","authors":"Daniel Muvengei, H. Mbuvi, M. Ng′ang′a","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006015868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006015868","url":null,"abstract":"About 17.2 million Kenyans lack access to clean water due to increased population growth, high rate of industrialisation and poor waste management. The situation may worsen if immediate measures are not taken. Lead and cadmium are the main heavy metals in contaminated water and their harmful effects such as lung cancer, mental retardation and nerve disorder cannot be under estimated. Available methods for removing these metal ions from water such as use of activated carbon are very expensive and unaffordable to low income earners. Maize cobs which have minimal use after maize harvesting can be utilised to reduce environmental pollution. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the ability of maize cobs derived products to adsorb both lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions and remove methylene blue and turbidity from contaminated water. Maize cobs charcoal was prepared by heating dry maize cobs in a furnace in limited air. Activation was done by use of 1 M sulphuric acid and heating the mixture in a closed vessel. Maize cob ash was generated by heating dry maize cobs in a furnace. Ability of these adsorbents to adsorb lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions from the solution was investigated by carrying out batch experiment and varying parameters such as contact time, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose, temperature and shaking speed. The data obtained was fitted in Langmuir and Freundlich models. Activated charcoal gave the best fit in Langmuir for lead ions with maximum adsorption capacity of 13.0 mg/g. Ash fitted in Freundlich model with r 2 =0.953. For removal of cadmium (II) ions, all the adsorbents gave best fit in Freundlich with maize cob charcoal having the highest adsorption capacity of 24.3 mg/g and r 2 =0.997. Among the three adsorbent only ash was found to have the ability of removing turbidity from water. This implies that maize cob derived products can be used to remove lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"71 1","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85507708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of SiO2 based nanocomposite of Agar and its characterization","authors":"D. Sen","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006017985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006017985","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89518972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is becoming one of the key pests of tomato in Tanzania; which account for its production loss of up to 80 to 100% if left unchecked. The pest was first introduced in Tanzania in 2014.due to porous nature of our borders and lack of quarantine regulations implementation. Tomato producers in Tanzania have little understanding of leafminers, and hence lack best practices for it control. The pest have developed resistance to dozens of pesticides and therefore the (IPM) strategy that employs bio-chemical, biological, physical and cultural methods is the only best option we had at time. Since its introduction in 2014, there was no any sound action plan implemented. Thus, the aim of this review paper is to call for attentions and concerted actions of concerned sectors by describing the potential damage of the pest, its entry, pathways and its control methods. There is a need for all stakeholders to meet and discuss the possible ways of containing and controlling the current Tuta absoluta outbreak.
{"title":"Control and Management of Tomato Leafminer -Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidotera, Gelechiidae).A Review","authors":"Daniel Tsingay Illakwahhi, B. Srivastava","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006011422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006011422","url":null,"abstract":"The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is becoming one of the key pests of tomato in Tanzania; which account for its production loss of up to 80 to 100% if left unchecked. The pest was first introduced in Tanzania in 2014.due to porous nature of our borders and lack of quarantine regulations implementation. Tomato producers in Tanzania have little understanding of leafminers, and hence lack best practices for it control. The pest have developed resistance to dozens of pesticides and therefore the (IPM) strategy that employs bio-chemical, biological, physical and cultural methods is the only best option we had at time. Since its introduction in 2014, there was no any sound action plan implemented. Thus, the aim of this review paper is to call for attentions and concerted actions of concerned sectors by describing the potential damage of the pest, its entry, pathways and its control methods. There is a need for all stakeholders to meet and discuss the possible ways of containing and controlling the current Tuta absoluta outbreak.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83568692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contribution of components of Green Supply Chain Carbon Management in Green Supply Chain Performance measurementA Pilot Empirical Study of the Indian Automobile Manufacturing Sector","authors":"M. A. Gandhi","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006014750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006014750","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"9 5 1","pages":"47-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85509989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Orga, Okure, E. Awheme, J. I. Obibuenyi, M. Anusi, C. Emelu
In this paper, a model/software that can predict insulation failure in a natural gas pipeline transmission system was developed by applying established principles of heat flow and gas dynamics. By using the model/software, one will not only know when insulation failure occurred but the location in the long distance pipeline where it occurs. This will reduce the problems associated with late detection, with its adverse consequences such as hydrate formation and pipeline blockage, and explosion and fire!
{"title":"Predictive Modeling and Detection of Insulation Failure in a Natural Gas Pipeline Transmission System","authors":"A. Orga, Okure, E. Awheme, J. I. Obibuenyi, M. Anusi, C. Emelu","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006015157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006015157","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a model/software that can predict insulation failure in a natural gas pipeline transmission system was developed by applying established principles of heat flow and gas dynamics. By using the model/software, one will not only know when insulation failure occurred but the location in the long distance pipeline where it occurs. This will reduce the problems associated with late detection, with its adverse consequences such as hydrate formation and pipeline blockage, and explosion and fire!","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80840910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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