The kinetics of oxidation of 2-phenyl-benzothiazole (BzlH), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl) benzothiazole (OMeBzlH), 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-benzothiazole (NO2BzlH) by chloramine-T; (CAT) in presence of HClO4 has been investigated at 296 K. Under similar experimental conditions, the oxidation reactions follow identical kinetics for all the three benzothiazoles with first order dependence each on [CAT]0 and [substrate]0 and inverse fractional order dependence on [H+]. Solvent composition shows negative effect indicating the involvement of negative ion-dipolar molecule in the rate determining step. Variation of ionic strength of the medium and addition of halide ions had no effect on the reaction rate. Addition of p-toluenesulphonamide (PTS), the reduction product also has no effect on the rate of reaction. The reactions were studied at different temperatures and the composite activation parameters have been computed. Relative reactivity of oxidation of these follow the order: OMeBzlH>BzlH> NO2BzlH. This trend may be attributed to inductive effects. The observed results have been explained by a plausible mechanism and the related rate law has been deduced.
{"title":"Synthesis ofsome benzothiazole derivatives and kinetic studies of their oxidation using Chloramine-T in acid medium","authors":"M. N. Kumara, M. Harsha","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006020107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006020107","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetics of oxidation of 2-phenyl-benzothiazole (BzlH), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl) benzothiazole (OMeBzlH), 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-benzothiazole (NO2BzlH) by chloramine-T; (CAT) in presence of HClO4 has been investigated at 296 K. Under similar experimental conditions, the oxidation reactions follow identical kinetics for all the three benzothiazoles with first order dependence each on [CAT]0 and [substrate]0 and inverse fractional order dependence on [H+]. Solvent composition shows negative effect indicating the involvement of negative ion-dipolar molecule in the rate determining step. Variation of ionic strength of the medium and addition of halide ions had no effect on the reaction rate. Addition of p-toluenesulphonamide (PTS), the reduction product also has no effect on the rate of reaction. The reactions were studied at different temperatures and the composite activation parameters have been computed. Relative reactivity of oxidation of these follow the order: OMeBzlH>BzlH> NO2BzlH. This trend may be attributed to inductive effects. The observed results have been explained by a plausible mechanism and the related rate law has been deduced.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82135985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new method of N-formylation of amines with formic acid in the presence of nano cerium oxide in inert gas containing glass tube to delivered a better yield of final product .this is a easy and affordeble method of N-formylation of amines
{"title":"N-formylation of amines using nano cerium oxide as catalyst in inert gas atmosphere","authors":"D. Sen","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006018690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006018690","url":null,"abstract":"A new method of N-formylation of amines with formic acid in the presence of nano cerium oxide in inert gas containing glass tube to delivered a better yield of final product .this is a easy and affordeble method of N-formylation of amines","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86148414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Purohit, Mohd Shahnawaz Hussain, A. Suthar, Shobha Sharma
The influence of seasonal changes on the properties of the water in Merta City, Nagaur, Rajasthan was investigated. Composites samples from different sites of Merta City were collected and assessed for both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The values of the various parameters were as follows: pH 7.3 to 8.1 for Pre-monsoon season and 7.0 to 7.7 for Post-monsoon season; conductivity 874 to 9138 mhos/cm for Premonsoon season and 786 8225 mhos/cm for wet season; total dissolved solids (TDS) 568 to 5940 mg/L for dry season and 511 to 5346 mg/L for Post-monsoon season; Fluoride 0.892 to 2.56 mg/L for Pre-monsoon season and 0.83 to 2.38 mg/L for Post-monsoon season. The values for other parameters were exceeding the BIS permissible limit for drinking water. Therefore, the water is highly contaminated & non potable.
{"title":"Seasonal Variation in Physico Chemical Parameters of Ground Water of Merta City, Nagaur","authors":"H. Purohit, Mohd Shahnawaz Hussain, A. Suthar, Shobha Sharma","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006014446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006014446","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of seasonal changes on the properties of the water in Merta City, Nagaur, Rajasthan was investigated. Composites samples from different sites of Merta City were collected and assessed for both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The values of the various parameters were as follows: pH 7.3 to 8.1 for Pre-monsoon season and 7.0 to 7.7 for Post-monsoon season; conductivity 874 to 9138 mhos/cm for Premonsoon season and 786 8225 mhos/cm for wet season; total dissolved solids (TDS) 568 to 5940 mg/L for dry season and 511 to 5346 mg/L for Post-monsoon season; Fluoride 0.892 to 2.56 mg/L for Pre-monsoon season and 0.83 to 2.38 mg/L for Post-monsoon season. The values for other parameters were exceeding the BIS permissible limit for drinking water. Therefore, the water is highly contaminated & non potable.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87634022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Jayajothi, Dr.M.M. Senthamilselvi, S. Arivoli, N. Muruganantham
The research of the present work was to investigate the removal of methylene blue dyes from aqueous solution by using Acid Activated Glossocardia linearifolia Stem (AGLS) carbon. Generally, dyes are organic compounds used as colouring products in chemical, textile, paper, printing, leather, plastics and various food industries. Contaminated waste water passed out from the industry should be treated. In this study, Glossocardia linearifolia Stem carbon was studied for its potential use as an adsorbent for removal of a cationic dye methylene blue. The various factors affecting adsorption, such as initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and effect of temperature, were evaluated. The experimental data were fitted into the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The equilibrium of adsorption was modeled by using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The result obtained in the present work suggests the AGLS may be utilized as a low cost adsorbent for methylene blue dye removal from aqueous solution.
{"title":"Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Isotherm Studies on the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye using Acid Activated Glossocardia linearifolia Stem","authors":"C. Jayajothi, Dr.M.M. Senthamilselvi, S. Arivoli, N. Muruganantham","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006013037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006013037","url":null,"abstract":"The research of the present work was to investigate the removal of methylene blue dyes from aqueous solution by using Acid Activated Glossocardia linearifolia Stem (AGLS) carbon. Generally, dyes are organic compounds used as colouring products in chemical, textile, paper, printing, leather, plastics and various food industries. Contaminated waste water passed out from the industry should be treated. In this study, Glossocardia linearifolia Stem carbon was studied for its potential use as an adsorbent for removal of a cationic dye methylene blue. The various factors affecting adsorption, such as initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and effect of temperature, were evaluated. The experimental data were fitted into the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The equilibrium of adsorption was modeled by using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The result obtained in the present work suggests the AGLS may be utilized as a low cost adsorbent for methylene blue dye removal from aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85501511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Samarium doped SrBi2-xO4 oxides","authors":"K. Chandru, G. Selvanathan, B. Das","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006013843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006013843","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83624430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belkheira Mokhtaria, El Abed Douniazad El Abed Douniazad
We realized the highly selective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles starting from a terminal alkyne and arylazides, without the presence of metal catalyst, using the sequence hydroamination/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The structure of synthesized products was determined by the usual spectroscopic methods (IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR). The 1,2,3-triazoles obtained were tested for their antimicrobial properties. Most of them showed a significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and a fungicidal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus.
{"title":"Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of some 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles","authors":"Belkheira Mokhtaria, El Abed Douniazad El Abed Douniazad","doi":"10.9790/5736-1006016978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1006016978","url":null,"abstract":"We realized the highly selective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles starting from a terminal alkyne and arylazides, without the presence of metal catalyst, using the sequence hydroamination/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The structure of synthesized products was determined by the usual spectroscopic methods (IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR). The 1,2,3-triazoles obtained were tested for their antimicrobial properties. Most of them showed a significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and a fungicidal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74927354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analytical method of Taguchi was carried out for interpreting leaching results obtained from overall feed of Cu-Co tailings in order to determine the optimal operatory conditions using mathematical model. The orthogonal matrix L25 (5 3 ) (OA, 3 factors with 5 levels) was performed to evaluate the effects of particle size (+12,5;.+6,3;+2,3;+2,3 +1,7;-1,7 mm), initial acidity (A = 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g/L), flow rate (T = 15;17,5;20;22,5 and 25 L/h/m 2 ) on the metals dissolution rate (Cu and Co).The ANOVA statistical analysis was also used for determining the different interactions between monitored parameters. The experimental results of copper and cobalt dissolutions have showed that under optimal conditions (-1.7mm, 30g/L, 25L/h/m 2 ) for copper and cobalt, the yield leaching was respectively 89.1% and 61,35%),particle size is in interaction with acidity for copper leaching while acidity is also in interaction with the cobalt flow rate.
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling for Enhancement Heap Leaching Of D.M.S Tailings for the Recovering Copper and Cobalt: Using Taguchi Method and Analysis Variance.","authors":"David Lukumu Bampole, Emmanuel Lukumu Mulamba","doi":"10.9790/5736-1005025057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1005025057","url":null,"abstract":"The analytical method of Taguchi was carried out for interpreting leaching results obtained from overall feed of Cu-Co tailings in order to determine the optimal operatory conditions using mathematical model. The orthogonal matrix L25 (5 3 ) (OA, 3 factors with 5 levels) was performed to evaluate the effects of particle size (+12,5;.+6,3;+2,3;+2,3 +1,7;-1,7 mm), initial acidity (A = 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g/L), flow rate (T = 15;17,5;20;22,5 and 25 L/h/m 2 ) on the metals dissolution rate (Cu and Co).The ANOVA statistical analysis was also used for determining the different interactions between monitored parameters. The experimental results of copper and cobalt dissolutions have showed that under optimal conditions (-1.7mm, 30g/L, 25L/h/m 2 ) for copper and cobalt, the yield leaching was respectively 89.1% and 61,35%),particle size is in interaction with acidity for copper leaching while acidity is also in interaction with the cobalt flow rate.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75937207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2-oxo-2H-coumarin-3-carbohydrazide (2) which prepared from the reaction of ethyl-2-oxo-2Hcoumarin-3-carboxylate (1) with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol containing a catalytic amount of piperidine mixture consider a good and available starting intermediate for synthesis of series of functionalized coumarins. So, compound (2) was utilized as a key for the synthesis of some new (pyrazole, triazole)-2Hcoumarin-2-one derivatives by the reaction with some selected reagents.
由乙基-2-氧-2-香豆素-3-羧酸酯(1)与水合肼在含有催化量哌替啶混合物的乙醇中反应制备的2-氧-2- h -香豆素-3-碳肼(2)是合成一系列功能化香豆素的良好的起始中间体。因此，以化合物(2)为关键，通过与选定的试剂反应，合成了一些新的(吡唑、三唑)-2 - h香豆素-2- 1衍生物。
{"title":"Facial and Simple Synthesis of Some New (Pyrazole and Triazole) Coumarin Derivatives","authors":"H. A. Latif, M. Barsy, E. Elrady","doi":"10.9790/5736-1005012326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1005012326","url":null,"abstract":"2-oxo-2H-coumarin-3-carbohydrazide (2) which prepared from the reaction of ethyl-2-oxo-2Hcoumarin-3-carboxylate (1) with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol containing a catalytic amount of piperidine mixture consider a good and available starting intermediate for synthesis of series of functionalized coumarins. So, compound (2) was utilized as a key for the synthesis of some new (pyrazole, triazole)-2Hcoumarin-2-one derivatives by the reaction with some selected reagents.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85875777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celite supported silver carbonate was prepared by the general procedure. 2,4,6trimethyl phenol was oxidized with silver carbonate by refluxing the mixture in benzene for 2h which ultimately formed 3,3’ 5,5’tetramethyl stilbenequinone in 93% yield. After that stilbenequinone was reduced with zinc dust and acetic acid which ultimately formed 3, 3’, 5, 5’-tetramethyl-4,4’ dihydroxystilbene as yellow crystals. 3,3’, 5,5’-tetramethyl dihydroxystilbene was then treated with methacryloyl chloride in THF solvent medium for 50h at room temperature which formed 3,3’ 5,5’-tetramethyl -4,4’-dimethacryloyl oxy stilbene. Then the monomer 3,3’ 5,5’tetramethyl-4,4’-dimethacryloyloxy stilbene was co-polymerized with methyl methacrylate in DMF solvent medium at 110 0 c for 80h by using free radical initiator benzoyl peroxide. All the monomers and co-polymer were investigated by studying UV,FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy.
{"title":"Synthesis of Electro-optic Copolymer of 3,3’, 5,5’-tetra methyl- 4,4’-dimethacryloyloxy stilbene With Methyl methacrylate.","authors":"D. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.9790/5736-1005022932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1005022932","url":null,"abstract":"Celite supported silver carbonate was prepared by the general procedure. 2,4,6trimethyl phenol was oxidized with silver carbonate by refluxing the mixture in benzene for 2h which ultimately formed 3,3’ 5,5’tetramethyl stilbenequinone in 93% yield. After that stilbenequinone was reduced with zinc dust and acetic acid which ultimately formed 3, 3’, 5, 5’-tetramethyl-4,4’ dihydroxystilbene as yellow crystals. 3,3’, 5,5’-tetramethyl dihydroxystilbene was then treated with methacryloyl chloride in THF solvent medium for 50h at room temperature which formed 3,3’ 5,5’-tetramethyl -4,4’-dimethacryloyl oxy stilbene. Then the monomer 3,3’ 5,5’tetramethyl-4,4’-dimethacryloyloxy stilbene was co-polymerized with methyl methacrylate in DMF solvent medium at 110 0 c for 80h by using free radical initiator benzoyl peroxide. All the monomers and co-polymer were investigated by studying UV,FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86074720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elements such as cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) are essential elements for human being, these elements occur in cereals which are important food in Libyan population diet. The present study was carried out to determine concentrations of trace metals and evaluate the potential health risk of metal to humans via consumption of cereals. Cereal samples from Libya were digested using nitric acid and by microwave digester then trace elements concentrations in cereal samples were determined by using ICPMS instrument. Daily intakes of Co, Cr, Mo and Se from all cereals consumption were 19.4, 93, 261 and 34.7 μg/day, respectively. The RDA was used to estimate daily intakes of these elements. Daily intake of Mo exceeded of RDA by 2 fold. More investigations should be done for daily intake of trace elements in Libyan population for cereals and other food consumption.
{"title":"Trace elements in Libyan Cereals: Estimation of Daily Intakes of Cobalt, Chromium, Molybdenum and Selenium","authors":"Mokhtar M Abobaker Basher M Mahara, S. Al-Rmalli","doi":"10.9790/5736-1005029195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1005029195","url":null,"abstract":"Elements such as cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) are essential elements for human being, these elements occur in cereals which are important food in Libyan population diet. The present study was carried out to determine concentrations of trace metals and evaluate the potential health risk of metal to humans via consumption of cereals. Cereal samples from Libya were digested using nitric acid and by microwave digester then trace elements concentrations in cereal samples were determined by using ICPMS instrument. Daily intakes of Co, Cr, Mo and Se from all cereals consumption were 19.4, 93, 261 and 34.7 μg/day, respectively. The RDA was used to estimate daily intakes of these elements. Daily intake of Mo exceeded of RDA by 2 fold. More investigations should be done for daily intake of trace elements in Libyan population for cereals and other food consumption.","PeriodicalId":14488,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82207323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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