Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1791
R. T. Al-Wasiti, Researcher Prof Dept, Agric, Coll Econ, Eng, Sci.
This research aims to study and analyze the impact of agricultural policy on marketing the rice crop in Iraq for the period 2000-2020 and to identify the actual contribution of agricultural policy and its positive role, regression analysis was used by OLS method to measure the impact of agricultural marketing policy in Iraq for the period 2000-2020, and it is necessary to increase the marketed quantities in a way that helps move the price According to the supply and demand of the marketed quantities, which increases the impact of the marketed quantities on the price while reducing the government support followed as an encouraging policy. The study concluded that the production was not sufficient to cover the local markets, which led the government to work on an encouraging policy by subsidizing rice prices due to the population increase to cover the domestic product from it and to meet the local need of the rice crop.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY ON MARKETING THE RICE CROP IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD (2000 - 2020)","authors":"R. T. Al-Wasiti, Researcher Prof Dept, Agric, Coll Econ, Eng, Sci.","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1791","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to study and analyze the impact of agricultural policy on marketing the rice crop in Iraq for the period 2000-2020 and to identify the actual contribution of agricultural policy and its positive role, regression analysis was used by OLS method to measure the impact of agricultural marketing policy in Iraq for the period 2000-2020, and it is necessary to increase the marketed quantities in a way that helps move the price According to the supply and demand of the marketed quantities, which increases the impact of the marketed quantities on the price while reducing the government support followed as an encouraging policy. The study concluded that the production was not sufficient to cover the local markets, which led the government to work on an encouraging policy by subsidizing rice prices due to the population increase to cover the domestic product from it and to meet the local need of the rice crop.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83310292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1780
Zubaida A. Lattef Ismaeel, Sukeyna Abaas, Prof Assist
This research was aimed to investigate 16 species belonging to the genus Euphorbia in order to enrich the Iraqi flora with diagnostic characteristics of this genus depending of the surface covering of leaves, stems and floral parts. The studied species were collected from Baghdad, Najaf, Karbala, Wasit, Diyala, Irbil, Kirkuk and Basrah in the growing seasons 2019/2020. These species are: Euphorbia. shehbaziana, E. denticulate Lam, E. craspedia Boiss., E., kete, E. pulcherrima, E. cyathophora Murray. E. granulata Forssk., E. helioscopia L., E. hirta L., E. hypericifolia L., E. milli Des Moul., E. puplus L., E. heterophylla L. , E. prostrata Aiton., E. microsphaera Boiss. and E. macrocarpa (Prokh.) Krylov. Results showed variations in types of trichomes which were glandular (stalked or sessile) or eglandular . The stalked glandular trichomes appeared only on the leaf and stem surfaces of E.craspedia and on the leaf surface of E.hirta. They were sessile glandular on the stem and floral surfaces of E.craspedia and leaf and floral part surfaces of E.cyathophora as well as floral parts of both E.hypericifolia and E.milli.The plant parts of the same plant vary from glabrous to hairy. Some of the species do not have any type of trichomes in all the studied parts. These species were E. heterophylla , E. prostrata , E. microsphaera and E. macrocarpa.
本研究旨在对大戟属的16种植物进行调查，以丰富伊拉克植物区系的叶、茎和花的表面覆盖度特征。研究物种于2019/2020年生长季节在巴格达、纳杰夫、卡尔巴拉、瓦西特、迪亚拉、埃尔比勒、基尔库克和巴士拉收集。这些物种是:大戟属植物。有齿的Lam, E. craspedia Boiss。， E.， kete, E. pulcherrima, E. cyathophora Murray。肉芽孢杆菌。， E. helioscopia L.， E. hirta L.， E. hypericifolia L.， E. milli Des Moul.。，蒲公英，杂叶英，扁豆英。， E.微球体Boiss。和E. macrocarpa (Prokh.)维多。结果显示毛状体的类型有腺状(柄状或无柄状)和腺状。有柄的腺毛体只出现在石楠的叶和茎表面以及石楠的叶表面。其茎部和花表面为无梗腺状，cyathophora的叶部和花部分表面为无梗腺状，金丝莲和密叶莲的花部分为无毛或有毛。有些物种在所有被研究的部位都没有任何类型的毛状体。分别为异叶田鼠、扁田鼠、小球田鼠和大角田鼠。
{"title":"STUDY THE INDUMENTUM FOR SOME SPECIES OF EUPHORBIA L. (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN IRAQ","authors":"Zubaida A. Lattef Ismaeel, Sukeyna Abaas, Prof Assist","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1780","url":null,"abstract":"This research was aimed to investigate 16 species belonging to the genus Euphorbia in order to enrich the Iraqi flora with diagnostic characteristics of this genus depending of the surface covering of leaves, stems and floral parts. The studied species were collected from Baghdad, Najaf, Karbala, Wasit, Diyala, Irbil, Kirkuk and Basrah in the growing seasons 2019/2020. These species are: Euphorbia. shehbaziana, E. denticulate Lam, E. craspedia Boiss., E., kete, E. pulcherrima, E. cyathophora Murray. E. granulata Forssk., E. helioscopia L., E. hirta L., E. hypericifolia L., E. milli Des Moul., E. puplus L., E. heterophylla L. , E. prostrata Aiton., E. microsphaera Boiss. and E. macrocarpa (Prokh.) Krylov. Results showed variations in types of trichomes which were glandular (stalked or sessile) or eglandular . The stalked glandular trichomes appeared only on the leaf and stem surfaces of E.craspedia and on the leaf surface of E.hirta. They were sessile glandular on the stem and floral surfaces of E.craspedia and leaf and floral part surfaces of E.cyathophora as well as floral parts of both E.hypericifolia and E.milli.The plant parts of the same plant vary from glabrous to hairy. Some of the species do not have any type of trichomes in all the studied parts. These species were E. heterophylla , E. prostrata , E. microsphaera and E. macrocarpa.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90527867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1804
Mushtaq T. B. Al-Zuhariy
The present study was aimed to administering hyperimmunized avian salmonella-immune lymphokines (S-ILK) to 200 one-day-old layer pullets to improve the immunological response against Gumboro (IBDV) divided into four groups. On the first day, the following was applied to all groups: G1: intraperitoneal injection of 0.50 mL S-ILK followed by a 30-minute challenge with 0.1 mL IBDV (ELD50 103.2); G2: intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL of S-NILK followed by a 30-minute challenge by 0.1 mL IBDV. G3: challenged with 0.1 mL of IBDV only, G4: uninfected, unchallenged group consider as a negative control. The results of the findings indicated the greatest a statistically significant rise (p≤ 0.05) in IgG and IFN-γ titres in that group and the viral load test revealed that at 7 and 14 days after infection, The largest number of IBDV RNA copies were found in G2 and G3. in the bursa of Fabricius. The first group had the lowest mortality rate compared to the other groups. Early S-ILK administration improves maternal resistance to IBDV infection and inhibits viral replication in the fabricius bursa following IBDV challenge. Thus, we may reduce the amount of time, effort, and money spent on immunization procedures that do not completely protect against diseases.
本研究旨在将高免疫禽沙门氏菌免疫淋巴因子(S-ILK)注射到200只1日龄蛋鸡体内，以提高鸡对IBDV的免疫应答。在第一天，所有组采用以下方法:G1组:腹腔注射0.50 mL S-ILK，然后用0.1 mL IBDV (ELD50 103.2)攻毒30分钟;G2:腹腔注射0.5 mL S-NILK，然后用0.1 mL IBDV攻毒30分钟。G3:仅用0.1 mL IBDV攻毒，G4:未感染，未攻毒组作为阴性对照。结果显示，实验组IgG和IFN-γ滴度升高幅度最大，差异有统计学意义(p≤0.05);病毒载量检测显示，感染后7和14 d, G2和G3的IBDV RNA拷贝数最多。法布里丘斯囊第一组与其他组相比死亡率最低。早期给药S-ILK可提高母体对IBDV感染的抵抗力，并在IBDV攻击后抑制病毒在法氏囊中的复制。因此，我们可以减少在不能完全预防疾病的免疫程序上花费的时间、精力和金钱。
{"title":"PROTECTION ACTIVITY OF T CELL LYMPHOKINES AGAINST INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE IN LAYER PULLETS","authors":"Mushtaq T. B. Al-Zuhariy","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1804","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed to administering hyperimmunized avian salmonella-immune lymphokines (S-ILK) to 200 one-day-old layer pullets to improve the immunological response against Gumboro (IBDV) divided into four groups. On the first day, the following was applied to all groups: G1: intraperitoneal injection of 0.50 mL S-ILK followed by a 30-minute challenge with 0.1 mL IBDV (ELD50 103.2); G2: intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL of S-NILK followed by a 30-minute challenge by 0.1 mL IBDV. G3: challenged with 0.1 mL of IBDV only, G4: uninfected, unchallenged group consider as a negative control. The results of the findings indicated the greatest a statistically significant rise (p≤ 0.05) in IgG and IFN-γ titres in that group and the viral load test revealed that at 7 and 14 days after infection, The largest number of IBDV RNA copies were found in G2 and G3. in the bursa of Fabricius. The first group had the lowest mortality rate compared to the other groups. Early S-ILK administration improves maternal resistance to IBDV infection and inhibits viral replication in the fabricius bursa following IBDV challenge. Thus, we may reduce the amount of time, effort, and money spent on immunization procedures that do not completely protect against diseases.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86261426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1779
M. Musa, Zina B. Muhammed, T. A. A. R. Prof.
Cooking ware that is made of aluminum is used in different nations, particularly developing nations, and are a free source of aluminum. Due to its possible harmful effects on human health, aluminum is acknowledged as a public health problem. The goal of the current investigation is to evaluate curcumin's (CUR) capacity to decrease aluminium’s toxicity by forming stable complexes. Rhizomes that are sold in the local marketplaces have an 8.5% crude pigment content of CUR. At various pH levels, CUR's maximum absorbance was identified. Citric acid was used as a catalyst to create the CUR-Al+3 combination at various pH levels, which correspond to the rates at which Al+3 was eliminated from the solution. At pH 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0, the highly complexation was seen. At such pH levels, the Al+3 elimination was 79.22, 78.28, 79.26, and 79.41%, respectively. The CUR-Al+3 complexes’ stability represent, respectively, 96.94, 96.29, 95.55, and 95.52% of the initial concentration at 25o, 50o, 75o, and 100o C for 60 min at pH value of 2.50. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it has been possible to identify CUR and its complex with Al+3. At varied pH levels, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 at boiling point, the leached aluminium from 3 regions of the aluminium cooking ware (Syrian, Iranian and local) was specified. Comparatively to Syrian and local cooking wares, Iranian cooking ware generally leached more aluminum. In comparison to other pH values, the percentages of the elimination of the aluminum that is leached by utilizing the most leaching cookware (Iranian) have been 79.23 and 79.26% at pH values of 2.50 and 3.50, respectively.
铝制的炊具在不同的国家，特别是发展中国家使用，是铝的免费来源。由于铝可能对人体健康有害，铝被公认为是一个公共卫生问题。当前研究的目的是评估姜黄素(CUR)通过形成稳定的配合物来降低铝的毒性的能力。在当地市场销售的根茎中，CUR的粗色素含量为8.5%。在不同的pH值下，CUR的最大吸光度被确定。柠檬酸被用作催化剂，在不同的pH值下生成CUR-Al+3组合，pH值对应于Al+3从溶液中消除的速率。在pH为2.5、3.0、3.5和4.0时，观察到高度络合。在此pH值下，Al+3的去除率分别为79.22、78.28、79.26和79.41%。cu - al +3配合物的稳定性分别为初始浓度的96.94%、96.29%、95.55%和95.52%，分别在250℃、500℃、750℃和1000℃条件下，pH值为2.50，反应60 min。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)已经可以识别CUR及其与Al+3的配合物。在沸点的不同pH值(1.5、2.5、3.5、4.5、5.5和6.5)下，铝制炊具的3个地区(叙利亚、伊朗和当地)的浸出铝被指定。与叙利亚和当地的炊具相比，伊朗炊具通常浸出更多的铝。与其他pH值相比，在pH值为2.50和3.50时，使用最多的浸出炊具(伊朗)浸出铝的消除率分别为79.23%和79.26%。
{"title":"STUDYING THE FORMATION AND STABILIZATION OF CUR-AL+3 COMPLEXES BY USING CITRIC ACID AS CATALYST","authors":"M. Musa, Zina B. Muhammed, T. A. A. R. Prof.","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1779","url":null,"abstract":"Cooking ware that is made of aluminum is used in different nations, particularly developing nations, and are a free source of aluminum. Due to its possible harmful effects on human health, aluminum is acknowledged as a public health problem. The goal of the current investigation is to evaluate curcumin's (CUR) capacity to decrease aluminium’s toxicity by forming stable complexes. Rhizomes that are sold in the local marketplaces have an 8.5% crude pigment content of CUR. At various pH levels, CUR's maximum absorbance was identified. Citric acid was used as a catalyst to create the CUR-Al+3 combination at various pH levels, which correspond to the rates at which Al+3 was eliminated from the solution. At pH 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0, the highly complexation was seen. At such pH levels, the Al+3 elimination was 79.22, 78.28, 79.26, and 79.41%, respectively. The CUR-Al+3 complexes’ stability represent, respectively, 96.94, 96.29, 95.55, and 95.52% of the initial concentration at 25o, 50o, 75o, and 100o C for 60 min at pH value of 2.50. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it has been possible to identify CUR and its complex with Al+3. At varied pH levels, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 at boiling point, the leached aluminium from 3 regions of the aluminium cooking ware (Syrian, Iranian and local) was specified. Comparatively to Syrian and local cooking wares, Iranian cooking ware generally leached more aluminum. In comparison to other pH values, the percentages of the elimination of the aluminum that is leached by utilizing the most leaching cookware (Iranian) have been 79.23 and 79.26% at pH values of 2.50 and 3.50, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89452161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1786
A. Karim, H. Sh, Al-rubaie, H. KadhimD., Al-Jubouri, R. Prof, Dept, Landscape Gard. Coll Hortic., Agric, Engin, Sci.
This study was aimed to investigate the response of the growth and yield of industrial potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to the addition of soil improvement and spraying with tocopherol, The field experiments were carried out during the fall season 2020-2021 and the spring 2021 at one of the fields at the area located at 44.23° longitude and 33.32° latitude, The experiments carried out as a factorial experiment within a split plot design, where the irrigation interval factor was set every 4, 8 and 12 days for the fall season and every 4, 7 and 10 days for the spring season (symbolized by I0, I1 and I2) in the main plot, and the interaction factor between Eco Gel soil improver and anti-stress spray in the Sub plot with three replications, as Eco Gel was added to the soil at the level of 50 kg ha-1 symbolized by E1 and added to the level of 100 kg ha-1 symbolized by E2 as well as the treatment without adding that Its symbol is E0, and spraying with anti-stress, tocopherol with a concentration of 30 mg L-1 symbolized by T1 and trehalose with a concentration of 30 mmol L-1 symbolized by T2, as well as spraying with normal water symbolized by T0, the results showed a significant superiority for the treatment of the triple interaction I1E2T2 in percentage increase Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, plant length, total leaves and total tubers, yield per plant and total yield for the two seasons, respectively, compared to treatment I2 E0T0.
本研究旨在调查工业马铃薯的生长发育和产量的反应(茄属植物tuberosum l .)的土壤改良和喷洒生育酚,现场试验进行了在2020 - 2021年秋季和2021年春季在一个领域的区域位于44.23°经度和纬度33.32°,实验进行分裂阴谋中析因实验设计,在灌溉间隔因素是每4集,秋季8和12天,每4、7和10天的春季(象征钱数,I1和I2)主要情节,和生态之间的交互因素凝胶土壤改良剂和抗应激喷雾与三个复制子的阴谋,Eco凝胶是添加到土壤的50公斤是象征E1和添加到100公斤是象征的E2水平以及治疗不增加它的象征是E0和喷洒抗应激,以T1为标志的生育酚浓度为30 mg L-1，以T2为标志的海藻糖浓度为30 mmol L-1，并喷施以T0为标志的正常水，结果表明，在氮、磷、钾、株长、总叶数和总块茎数、单株产量和两季总产量方面，三重互作I1E2T2处理均显著优于I2 E0T0处理。
{"title":"RESPONSE OF GROWTH AND YIELD OF INDUSTRIAL BOTATOES TO SOIL IMPROVEMENT AND SPRAYING WITH TOCOPHEROL AND TREHALOSE UNDER WATER STRESS","authors":"A. Karim, H. Sh, Al-rubaie, H. KadhimD., Al-Jubouri, R. Prof, Dept, Landscape Gard. Coll Hortic., Agric, Engin, Sci.","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1786","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate the response of the growth and yield of industrial potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to the addition of soil improvement and spraying with tocopherol, The field experiments were carried out during the fall season 2020-2021 and the spring 2021 at one of the fields at the area located at 44.23° longitude and 33.32° latitude, The experiments carried out as a factorial experiment within a split plot design, where the irrigation interval factor was set every 4, 8 and 12 days for the fall season and every 4, 7 and 10 days for the spring season (symbolized by I0, I1 and I2) in the main plot, and the interaction factor between Eco Gel soil improver and anti-stress spray in the Sub plot with three replications, as Eco Gel was added to the soil at the level of 50 kg ha-1 symbolized by E1 and added to the level of 100 kg ha-1 symbolized by E2 as well as the treatment without adding that Its symbol is E0, and spraying with anti-stress, tocopherol with a concentration of 30 mg L-1 symbolized by T1 and trehalose with a concentration of 30 mmol L-1 symbolized by T2, as well as spraying with normal water symbolized by T0, the results showed a significant superiority for the treatment of the triple interaction I1E2T2 in percentage increase Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, plant length, total leaves and total tubers, yield per plant and total yield for the two seasons, respectively, compared to treatment I2 E0T0.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90622336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1809
Asmaa A. Alwash, Firas Salim, Al-Aani, R. Prof, Dept. Agric. Mac, Agric. Engi, Sci
This study was aim to investigate performance of seed drill - fertilizer (GIL-SAX multisem18) was evaluated under two different farming systems (till and no-till) and tractor speeds (5.28, 7.76 and 8.30 km.h-1). The characteristics were measured including draft force, wheel slip, seed delivery rate, and germination rate. The experiment was organized as a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The significant difference was examined using the least significant difference tests at a P≤0.05. The results showed a minimum draft force and wheel slip under the till system and tractor speed of 5.28 km.h-1 interaction. The lowest seed delivery rate was found when no-till was practiced with a speed of 5.28 km.h-1. Adopting the no-till system with the speed of 7.76 km.h-1 achieved the highest germination rate. The till system achieved the lowest fuel cost in economic analysis 8395 IQD. ha-1 at a speed of 8.30 km.h-1, while the no-till system achieved the lowest cost of seeds 65066 IQD. ha-1 and sowing operation cost 36079 IQD. ha-1 at speed 5.28 km.h-1. Irrigation and agronomy indicators should be addressed in the further work.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SEED DRILL- FERTILIZER UNDER TWO DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS AND TRACTOR PRACTICAL SPEEDS","authors":"Asmaa A. Alwash, Firas Salim, Al-Aani, R. Prof, Dept. Agric. Mac, Agric. Engi, Sci","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1809","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aim to investigate performance of seed drill - fertilizer (GIL-SAX multisem18) was evaluated under two different farming systems (till and no-till) and tractor speeds (5.28, 7.76 and 8.30 km.h-1). The characteristics were measured including draft force, wheel slip, seed delivery rate, and germination rate. The experiment was organized as a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The significant difference was examined using the least significant difference tests at a P≤0.05. The results showed a minimum draft force and wheel slip under the till system and tractor speed of 5.28 km.h-1 interaction. The lowest seed delivery rate was found when no-till was practiced with a speed of 5.28 km.h-1. Adopting the no-till system with the speed of 7.76 km.h-1 achieved the highest germination rate. The till system achieved the lowest fuel cost in economic analysis 8395 IQD. ha-1 at a speed of 8.30 km.h-1, while the no-till system achieved the lowest cost of seeds 65066 IQD. ha-1 and sowing operation cost 36079 IQD. ha-1 at speed 5.28 km.h-1. Irrigation and agronomy indicators should be addressed in the further work. ","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74286126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1802
Y. Tlaiaa, Mohanad J. M‐Ridha, Assist. Prof Assist, Dept. Envi, Coll, Eng
This study set out to screen 36 common plants which have the greatest level of laccase enzyme activity. It revealed that the enzymatic activity of fenugreek seeds was the highest in comparison with other plants. The optimal enzyme-specific activity was 5340.38 units per milligram protein which were obtained by extracting the enzyme with a sodium phosphate buffer at a concentration of 0.02 M and pH 8.0, at a ratio of 1:40 (weight to volume), and extracting time of 210 minutes. The enzyme yield was 27.6% after extraction and purification by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-3 after 1.01 purification fold. The optimum circumstances for enzymatic activity and stability were found by using 0.1 M sodium acetate as a buffer at pH 5. Also, the maximal activity and stability of purified laccase was obtained at 20 oC for 15 min by using o-tolidine as a substrate. This research sheds light on how to isolate and characterize the laccase enzyme, an important biochemical with numerous biotechnological and technological uses through fenugreek seeds as a source of the laccase.
{"title":"EVALUATION THE PROPERTIES OF PURIFIED LACCASE EXTRACTED FROM SOME LOCAL PLANTS UNDER THE OPTIMUM CONDITIONS","authors":"Y. Tlaiaa, Mohanad J. M‐Ridha, Assist. Prof Assist, Dept. Envi, Coll, Eng","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1802","url":null,"abstract":"This study set out to screen 36 common plants which have the greatest level of laccase enzyme activity. It revealed that the enzymatic activity of fenugreek seeds was the highest in comparison with other plants. The optimal enzyme-specific activity was 5340.38 units per milligram protein which were obtained by extracting the enzyme with a sodium phosphate buffer at a concentration of 0.02 M and pH 8.0, at a ratio of 1:40 (weight to volume), and extracting time of 210 minutes. The enzyme yield was 27.6% after extraction and purification by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-3 after 1.01 purification fold. The optimum circumstances for enzymatic activity and stability were found by using 0.1 M sodium acetate as a buffer at pH 5. Also, the maximal activity and stability of purified laccase was obtained at 20 oC for 15 min by using o-tolidine as a substrate. This research sheds light on how to isolate and characterize the laccase enzyme, an important biochemical with numerous biotechnological and technological uses through fenugreek seeds as a source of the laccase.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86908885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1808
A. A. Jawad, N. M. Utba
This study was aimed to investigate the resistance of S. aureus to different antiseptics.This research indicate that the resistance of S.aureus to antiseptics is due to possessing either the smr gene or the qacA/B genes that associated with decreased susceptibility to antiseptics there for this study amid to determine the frequencies of S. aureus chloroxylenol resistant isolates and the presence of the previous genes in these isolates as well as the effect of chloroxylenol on the expression of these genes.189 clinical isolates isolated from skin infections identified as S. aureus in Baghdad by microscopical and biochemical tests. The chloroxylenol resistance S. aureus isolates was identified and chloroxylenol MIC was evaluated for these isolates. Antiseptic resistance genes (qacA/B, smr) were detected by PCR method and the results reveled that 21(84%) out of 25 isolates harbored qacA/B gene. While the smr gene was not demonstrated in any isolates. Furthermore, the chloroxylenol had no effect on qacA/B gene expression in these isolates.
{"title":"ANTISEPTICS RESISTANCE GENES (QACA/B, SMR) DETECTION AND EXPRESSION IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS","authors":"A. A. Jawad, N. M. Utba","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1808","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate the resistance of S. aureus to different antiseptics.This research indicate that the resistance of S.aureus to antiseptics is due to possessing either the smr gene or the qacA/B genes that associated with decreased susceptibility to antiseptics there for this study amid to determine the frequencies of S. aureus chloroxylenol resistant isolates and the presence of the previous genes in these isolates as well as the effect of chloroxylenol on the expression of these genes.189 clinical isolates isolated from skin infections identified as S. aureus in Baghdad by microscopical and biochemical tests. The chloroxylenol resistance S. aureus isolates was identified and chloroxylenol MIC was evaluated for these isolates. Antiseptic resistance genes (qacA/B, smr) were detected by PCR method and the results reveled that 21(84%) out of 25 isolates harbored qacA/B gene. While the smr gene was not demonstrated in any isolates. Furthermore, the chloroxylenol had no effect on qacA/B gene expression in these isolates.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80321771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1784
Teeba H. Mohammad, Lecturer Dept. Biol, College Women, C. glabrata
The colonies of C. glabrata were described, which morphology of isolated on sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is of great importance since they are highly involved in various medical and biological applications. The current study aims to produce Penicillium chrysogenum - derived AgNPs to be used to treat Candida glabrata. Nanoparticles were formed, the results of which was observed through UV-visible spectrophotometry. Therefore, the surface morphology and particles size of AgNPs were assessed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the average diameter of AgNPs was 18 nm which is appropriate to be used to deliver Penicillium chrysogenum to the Candida infected cells. The antifungal activity of AgNPs against C. glabrata was investigated in the serum of 15 mice. The mice were divided into four groups was examined after 21 days. A comet assay described procedure that sensitive measurement and permits reproducible of DNA repair and DNA damage using C. glabrara infection and treatment by Penicillium chrysogenum - derived AgNPs. This combination of assay with affected C. glabrara in DNA repaired and the extensive range of obtainable fungal molecular biology apparatuses can donate to light important devices of genome.
{"title":"A COMET ASSAY FOR CANDIDA GLABRATA INFECTION AND TREATMENT BY PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM - DERIVED AgNPs","authors":"Teeba H. Mohammad, Lecturer Dept. Biol, College Women, C. glabrata","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1784","url":null,"abstract":"The colonies of C. glabrata were described, which morphology of isolated on sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is of great importance since they are highly involved in various medical and biological applications. The current study aims to produce Penicillium chrysogenum - derived AgNPs to be used to treat Candida glabrata. Nanoparticles were formed, the results of which was observed through UV-visible spectrophotometry. Therefore, the surface morphology and particles size of AgNPs were assessed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the average diameter of AgNPs was 18 nm which is appropriate to be used to deliver Penicillium chrysogenum to the Candida infected cells. The antifungal activity of AgNPs against C. glabrata was investigated in the serum of 15 mice. The mice were divided into four groups was examined after 21 days. A comet assay described procedure that sensitive measurement and permits reproducible of DNA repair and DNA damage using C. glabrara infection and treatment by Penicillium chrysogenum - derived AgNPs. This combination of assay with affected C. glabrara in DNA repaired and the extensive range of obtainable fungal molecular biology apparatuses can donate to light important devices of genome.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"47 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78140458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1805
N. A. Prayogo, S. B. Prayitno, T. Winanto, T. Harisam, R. Fitriadi, B. Kusuma, P. Sukardi
Traditional eel farmers face the problem of poor quality and high price of commercial glass eel diet, this feed has produced poor fish performance, as well. The lack of essential amino acids may be the cause. Molecular methods are used to determine the rapid response of glass eels to a formulated diet. The purpose of this study was to determine how the effect of adding lysine to commercial feed affects the expression of genes related to growth hormone GH. Pasta feed was given to glass eels (1600 heads) which were cultured for 60 days. The cylindrical plastic ponds were framed with steel and covered with HDPE plastic (300μm) in size {(3.14cm) x (85cmx85cm) x (60cm)} filled with water 907,460 L ≈ 0.91 m3. Real time RT-PCR results in GH suggest that the level of lysine (2%) added to the diet has strong effect on GH gene expression during eight weeks cultivation.
传统鳗鱼养殖户面临着商业玻璃鳗鱼饲料质量差、价格高的问题，这种饲料也产生了较差的鱼性能。缺乏必需氨基酸可能是原因。用分子方法测定玻璃鳗对配方饲料的快速反应。本研究的目的是确定在商品饲料中添加赖氨酸如何影响生长激素GH相关基因的表达。对玻璃鳗(1600头)饲喂面食饲料，培养60 d。圆柱形塑料池以钢为框架，覆盖HDPE塑料(300μm)，尺寸为{(3.14cm) x (85cmx85cm) x (60cm)}，填充水907,460 L≈0.91 m3。生长激素的实时RT-PCR结果表明，在8周的培养过程中，饲料中添加2%的赖氨酸水平对生长激素基因表达有很强的影响。
{"title":"LYSINE REQUIREMENT IN THE DIET OF GLASS EELS, ANGUILLA BICOLOR, AGAINST GENE EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH HORMONE","authors":"N. A. Prayogo, S. B. Prayitno, T. Winanto, T. Harisam, R. Fitriadi, B. Kusuma, P. Sukardi","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1805","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional eel farmers face the problem of poor quality and high price of commercial glass eel diet, this feed has produced poor fish performance, as well. The lack of essential amino acids may be the cause. Molecular methods are used to determine the rapid response of glass eels to a formulated diet. The purpose of this study was to determine how the effect of adding lysine to commercial feed affects the expression of genes related to growth hormone GH. Pasta feed was given to glass eels (1600 heads) which were cultured for 60 days. The cylindrical plastic ponds were framed with steel and covered with HDPE plastic (300μm) in size {(3.14cm) x (85cmx85cm) x (60cm)} filled with water 907,460 L ≈ 0.91 m3. Real time RT-PCR results in GH suggest that the level of lysine (2%) added to the diet has strong effect on GH gene expression during eight weeks cultivation.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84039241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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