Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1800
M. Palupi, Kasprijo, Rudi Wijaya, Rizky Ade Chanda, Rais Fikri Azhari, R. Fitriadi, Reseacher Reseacher Lecturer
Rice-fish farming system that is purposed to maximize land use by adding fish farming to its systems. In the Rice-fish farming system, the fish farm serves as a solution to overcome pests so it can provide benefits for the farmers. Fish farm maintenance is considered to be a solution to reduce farmers expenditures in the use of fertilizers. The reason is in the fish-maintaining process, fish will naturally excrete dirt which has a function as organic fertilizer which will increase the fertility of the waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of phytoplankton as well as the physical and chemical quality of the water in several Rice-fish farming system stations in Panembangan Village so that the condition of the ecosystem can be detected whether it is in good or bad condition. The Results showed that the diversity index value ranged from 0.61-1.99. The uniformity index value was obtained in the range of 0.15 – 0.50 and the dominance index value was obtained in the range of 0.20 – 0.72. While, the four stations still have good water quality, the conditions in the Rice-fish farming system area of Panembangan Village are still suitable for the growth of organisms.
{"title":"BIODIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN RICE-FISH FARMING SYSTEM","authors":"M. Palupi, Kasprijo, Rudi Wijaya, Rizky Ade Chanda, Rais Fikri Azhari, R. Fitriadi, Reseacher Reseacher Lecturer","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1800","url":null,"abstract":"Rice-fish farming system that is purposed to maximize land use by adding fish farming to its systems. In the Rice-fish farming system, the fish farm serves as a solution to overcome pests so it can provide benefits for the farmers. Fish farm maintenance is considered to be a solution to reduce farmers expenditures in the use of fertilizers. The reason is in the fish-maintaining process, fish will naturally excrete dirt which has a function as organic fertilizer which will increase the fertility of the waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of phytoplankton as well as the physical and chemical quality of the water in several Rice-fish farming system stations in Panembangan Village so that the condition of the ecosystem can be detected whether it is in good or bad condition. The Results showed that the diversity index value ranged from 0.61-1.99. The uniformity index value was obtained in the range of 0.15 – 0.50 and the dominance index value was obtained in the range of 0.20 – 0.72. While, the four stations still have good water quality, the conditions in the Rice-fish farming system area of Panembangan Village are still suitable for the growth of organisms.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84308650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1794
ALBANDARY N. A.
This study was aimed to search and identify potentially active antibacterial, anti-oxidants, and antifungal compounds in red onion skin. Phenolic-rich onion extract was obtained from red onion skin extracted with methanol 70% for 2 h. The extract's antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined. The extract demonstrated the maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity (96% ±3.8) at 2000 g / mL, according to the findings of this study. Anthocyanin concentration, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolics (TPCs), and, total flavonoids (TFs) in tested sample can all be linked to antioxidant ability. For all microorganisms tested, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the tested sample was 200 g/mL. A red onion skin methanolic extract obtained ultimate suppression at 1000 g/mL after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C, equating to a 77% linear growth reduction of Fusarium graminearum. As a result, the outer skin of the red onion could be employed in nutritional fortification or nutraceutical preparations to improve health outcomes.
本研究旨在寻找和鉴定红洋葱皮中潜在的抗菌、抗氧化和抗真菌活性化合物。以70%甲醇提取2 h的红洋葱皮为原料，得到富酚洋葱提取物，并测定其抗氧化、抗菌和抗真菌活性。本研究结果表明，在2000 g / mL时，该提取物的DPPH自由基清除活性最高(96%±3.8)。被测样品中的花青素浓度、总可溶性固形物(TSS)、总酚(TPCs)和总黄酮(TFs)均与抗氧化能力有关。对所有被测微生物，被测样品的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为200 g/mL。在25℃条件下培养7天后，红洋葱皮甲醇提取物在1000 g/mL的浓度下获得了最终抑制效果，相当于使谷物镰刀菌的线性生长减少了77%。因此，红洋葱的外皮可以用于营养强化或营养保健品，以改善健康状况。
{"title":"PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF RED ONIONS SKIN","authors":"ALBANDARY N. A.","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1794","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to search and identify potentially active antibacterial, anti-oxidants, and antifungal compounds in red onion skin. Phenolic-rich onion extract was obtained from red onion skin extracted with methanol 70% for 2 h. The extract's antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined. The extract demonstrated the maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity (96% ±3.8) at 2000 g / mL, according to the findings of this study. Anthocyanin concentration, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolics (TPCs), and, total flavonoids (TFs) in tested sample can all be linked to antioxidant ability. For all microorganisms tested, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the tested sample was 200 g/mL. A red onion skin methanolic extract obtained ultimate suppression at 1000 g/mL after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C, equating to a 77% linear growth reduction of Fusarium graminearum. As a result, the outer skin of the red onion could be employed in nutritional fortification or nutraceutical preparations to improve health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78761857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1810
D. Al-Sherwany, J. Alkass, Assit. Prof Prof, Coll. Agric. Engine, Sciences Univ, Salahaddin
To study the allometric growth of body and carcass traits, twelve new born Karadi lambs were docked within 3 days of their birth using rubber-rings, and left with their mothers till weaning (2.5 months). Another 12 weaned Karadi lambs obtained from local market were left intact. Following an adaptation period of a week, the docked and intact lambs with an average initial weight of 16.83±1.522 and 19.92± 0.748kg, respectively were randomly divided into three equal groups to be slaughtered at 20, 30 and 40kg. Results revealed that the allometric growth coefficients of both docked and intact lambs of dissectible lean and bone were negative heterogenic (b<1), indicating an early maturing tissues, while the growth of dissectible fat is a late maturing tissues. In both groups, loin, shoulder, foreshank and rack are an early maturing cuts, neck is isogonic, while leg in intact lambs is an early maturing whereas in docked lambs grew at a similar rate to carcass. In docked and intact lambs, carcass fat relative to empty body weight is an early and late maturing tissues, whereas non-carcass fat is isogonic and grew at a similar rate to empty body weight in both groups. The growth of pelt, liver, lung and trachea and heart were isogonic and grew at a similar rate to empty body weight in both groups
{"title":"ALLOMETRIC GROWTH PATTERNS OF BODY AND CARCASS COMPONENT IN DOCKED AND INTACT KARADI LAMBS","authors":"D. Al-Sherwany, J. Alkass, Assit. Prof Prof, Coll. Agric. Engine, Sciences Univ, Salahaddin","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1810","url":null,"abstract":"To study the allometric growth of body and carcass traits, twelve new born Karadi lambs were docked within 3 days of their birth using rubber-rings, and left with their mothers till weaning (2.5 months). Another 12 weaned Karadi lambs obtained from local market were left intact. Following an adaptation period of a week, the docked and intact lambs with an average initial weight of 16.83±1.522 and 19.92± 0.748kg, respectively were randomly divided into three equal groups to be slaughtered at 20, 30 and 40kg. Results revealed that the allometric growth coefficients of both docked and intact lambs of dissectible lean and bone were negative heterogenic (b<1), indicating an early maturing tissues, while the growth of dissectible fat is a late maturing tissues. In both groups, loin, shoulder, foreshank and rack are an early maturing cuts, neck is isogonic, while leg in intact lambs is an early maturing whereas in docked lambs grew at a similar rate to carcass. In docked and intact lambs, carcass fat relative to empty body weight is an early and late maturing tissues, whereas non-carcass fat is isogonic and grew at a similar rate to empty body weight in both groups. The growth of pelt, liver, lung and trachea and heart were isogonic and grew at a similar rate to empty body weight in both groups","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88449761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1788
Lina Ali Alkhafaji, M. S. Hamdalla, S. Yousif, Researcher Prof senior Researchers, Direct. Agric, Higher Edu Res. Min., Sci. Tech, Dept. Crop Science, Coll. Agric, Engin, Sci.
This study was aimed to investigate baking quality of some bread wheat and water stress. A field experiment was carried out at the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Five local cultivars and 20 entrance genotypes were planted, during first season and the best 9 genotypes for baking ability were selected and tested in the second season, under moisture depletion levels of 50, 70, and 90% of field capacity, RCBD was used for the first season, with a split-plot design for the second season, with three replications for both seasons. The levels of moisture depletion occupied the main plots and the genotypes of the sub plots. In the second season, the results showed that reducing the moisture depletion to the level of 50% of the available water produced the highest grain yield, while the 90% moisture depletion level exceeded 90% produced the highest means of the protein%. It could be concluded that the availability of the appropriate quantities of irrigation water reflected positively on grain yield and that the decrease in the quantities of irrigation water improved protein%.
{"title":"STUDY BAKING QUALITY OF SOME BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER STRESS","authors":"Lina Ali Alkhafaji, M. S. Hamdalla, S. Yousif, Researcher Prof senior Researchers, Direct. Agric, Higher Edu Res. Min., Sci. Tech, Dept. Crop Science, Coll. Agric, Engin, Sci.","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1788","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate baking quality of some bread wheat and water stress. A field experiment was carried out at the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Five local cultivars and 20 entrance genotypes were planted, during first season and the best 9 genotypes for baking ability were selected and tested in the second season, under moisture depletion levels of 50, 70, and 90% of field capacity, RCBD was used for the first season, with a split-plot design for the second season, with three replications for both seasons. The levels of moisture depletion occupied the main plots and the genotypes of the sub plots. In the second season, the results showed that reducing the moisture depletion to the level of 50% of the available water produced the highest grain yield, while the 90% moisture depletion level exceeded 90% produced the highest means of the protein%. It could be concluded that the availability of the appropriate quantities of irrigation water reflected positively on grain yield and that the decrease in the quantities of irrigation water improved protein%.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"55 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73791018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1781
U. Susilo, Y. Sistina, E. S. Wibowo, A. Nuryanto, Assist. Prof Assist
Digestive enzyme activities of Yellow Rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata) had been reported, but only focused on a daily feeding strategy. The effect of starvation and refeeding on the growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities in Yellow Rasbora has never been reported. This study aimed to know the most efficient feeding strategy for growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities of Yellow Rasbora. The experiment was conducted in 20 aquariums using two months old fingerling. Four different feeding strategies were tested; twice feeding a day, one-day starvation and six days refeeding, two days starvation and five days refeeding, and four days starvation and ten days refeeding. The result showed that different feeding strategies had no significant effect on all growth parameters. The result proved that Yellow Rasbora could compensate for starvation through absolute growth, with the highest value achieved in two days of starvation and five refeeding. No significant value was also observed on crude protein, and lipid contents indicate that starvation does not affect the utilization of protein and lipid reserves. This result was consistent with fish condition factors which did not differ among treatments. The feeding strategy did not significantly affect total protease, trypsin, and amylase activities, but significantly affected chymotrypsin, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. All parameter indicated that two days starvation and five days refed duration showed similar values to daily feeding. Therefore, it is concluded that two days starvation and five days refeeding method is the most efficient feeding strategy for Yellow Rasbora cultivation.
{"title":"EFFECT OF SHORT STARVATION AND REFEEDING ON GROWTH, BODY COMPOSITION, AND DIGESTIVE ENZYMES ACTIVITIES IN YELLOW RASBORA (Rasbora lateristriata Blkr.)","authors":"U. Susilo, Y. Sistina, E. S. Wibowo, A. Nuryanto, Assist. Prof Assist","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1781","url":null,"abstract":"Digestive enzyme activities of Yellow Rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata) had been reported, but only focused on a daily feeding strategy. The effect of starvation and refeeding on the growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities in Yellow Rasbora has never been reported. This study aimed to know the most efficient feeding strategy for growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities of Yellow Rasbora. The experiment was conducted in 20 aquariums using two months old fingerling. Four different feeding strategies were tested; twice feeding a day, one-day starvation and six days refeeding, two days starvation and five days refeeding, and four days starvation and ten days refeeding. The result showed that different feeding strategies had no significant effect on all growth parameters. The result proved that Yellow Rasbora could compensate for starvation through absolute growth, with the highest value achieved in two days of starvation and five refeeding. No significant value was also observed on crude protein, and lipid contents indicate that starvation does not affect the utilization of protein and lipid reserves. This result was consistent with fish condition factors which did not differ among treatments. The feeding strategy did not significantly affect total protease, trypsin, and amylase activities, but significantly affected chymotrypsin, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. All parameter indicated that two days starvation and five days refed duration showed similar values to daily feeding. Therefore, it is concluded that two days starvation and five days refeeding method is the most efficient feeding strategy for Yellow Rasbora cultivation.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74207200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1801
Mustafa J. Al-Khafaji, S. Safi, W. F. Hammood, Prof Assist, P. Dept., Field Crops, Coll, Agric, Engin, Sci.
This experiment was aimed to study the effect of herbicide (lintur @180 g.ha-1 + Axial @1.5 L.ha-1, Navigator @ 1.25 L.ha-1 and the control treatment) in the companion weeds. Besides, grain yield and its components of three cultivars of barley (IPA 99, Buhooth 256, Aldebaran). The experiment was carried out according to RCBD, within split plot arrangement using three replicates. The cultivars represented the Main-plots, while herbicides and control treatments represented the sub-plots. The second included a laboratory experiment with four replicates of 50 seeds per replicate to study some grain quality characteristics resulting from the first field experiment. The results were showed the superiority of the Buhooth 256 cultivar in number of spikes, weight of 1000 grains, and the grain yield with an average of 495.10 spike.m-2, 22.23 g, and 1.46 ton.ha-1, respectively. Buhooth 256 also recorded the best results in increasing the percentage of weed control, reducing weed dry weight, and increasing the inhibition ratio. The same cultivar exceeded in most characteristics of grain quality. The treatment of herbicides (lintur + Axial) exceeded by achieving the highest average number of spikes of (471.60 spike.m-2), and the highest number of grains per spike with (51.77 grain.spike-1). Coupled with the weight of 1000 grains (21.47 g), and the highest grain yield (1.53 ton.ha-1).
{"title":"EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON GROWTH, GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY OF BARLEY","authors":"Mustafa J. Al-Khafaji, S. Safi, W. F. Hammood, Prof Assist, P. Dept., Field Crops, Coll, Agric, Engin, Sci.","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1801","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was aimed to study the effect of herbicide (lintur @180 g.ha-1 + Axial @1.5 L.ha-1, Navigator @ 1.25 L.ha-1 and the control treatment) in the companion weeds. Besides, grain yield and its components of three cultivars of barley (IPA 99, Buhooth 256, Aldebaran). The experiment was carried out according to RCBD, within split plot arrangement using three replicates. The cultivars represented the Main-plots, while herbicides and control treatments represented the sub-plots. The second included a laboratory experiment with four replicates of 50 seeds per replicate to study some grain quality characteristics resulting from the first field experiment. The results were showed the superiority of the Buhooth 256 cultivar in number of spikes, weight of 1000 grains, and the grain yield with an average of 495.10 spike.m-2, 22.23 g, and 1.46 ton.ha-1, respectively. Buhooth 256 also recorded the best results in increasing the percentage of weed control, reducing weed dry weight, and increasing the inhibition ratio. The same cultivar exceeded in most characteristics of grain quality. The treatment of herbicides (lintur + Axial) exceeded by achieving the highest average number of spikes of (471.60 spike.m-2), and the highest number of grains per spike with (51.77 grain.spike-1). Coupled with the weight of 1000 grains (21.47 g), and the highest grain yield (1.53 ton.ha-1).","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80836632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1785
A. H. Ulaiwi
This study was aimed to describ the course of Newcastle disease at 24 and 72 hr. of infections in broilers flocks within the period (1-December-2021 to 1- Jun- 2022) and the study aimed to determine the immunological (CD4, CD8) response and changes in neurotransmitter hormones. The blood samples were collected and prepared then examined by ELISA kits test and were worked under the protocols of companies. The result of immunological response showed the response to cellular immunity (CD8) in all cases increasing within 24hr.with statistically represented levels while, the result of humoral immunity (CD4) increasing in all cases except two cases within 72hr. with statistically significant levels as well as the results of (CD4/ CD8) ratio. while the results neurotransmitter hormones concentration revealed all cases statistically decreased represented levels at 72hr. The study concluded the 1st immune response within 24hr. showed elevation with cellular immunity then humoral immunity after 48-72hr. Also the ND infections caused down-regulation of neurotransmitter hormones by decreasing to serotonin and dopamine levels during all periods of infections.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF DOPAMINE AND SEROTONIN WITH IMMUNE STATE CD4 AND CD8 OF THE NEWCASTLE INFECTION IN BROILERS","authors":"A. H. Ulaiwi","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1785","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to describ the course of Newcastle disease at 24 and 72 hr. of infections in broilers flocks within the period (1-December-2021 to 1- Jun- 2022) and the study aimed to determine the immunological (CD4, CD8) response and changes in neurotransmitter hormones. The blood samples were collected and prepared then examined by ELISA kits test and were worked under the protocols of companies. The result of immunological response showed the response to cellular immunity (CD8) in all cases increasing within 24hr.with statistically represented levels while, the result of humoral immunity (CD4) increasing in all cases except two cases within 72hr. with statistically significant levels as well as the results of (CD4/ CD8) ratio. while the results neurotransmitter hormones concentration revealed all cases statistically decreased represented levels at 72hr. The study concluded the 1st immune response within 24hr. showed elevation with cellular immunity then humoral immunity after 48-72hr. Also the ND infections caused down-regulation of neurotransmitter hormones by decreasing to serotonin and dopamine levels during all periods of infections.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74790729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1806
Zaid I.H. Zainy, A. M. Alrubeii
This study was aimed to decreasing the use of nitrite in Pasterma (sausage in Iraq) in traditional condition, beetroot and milk thistle was used with (75% veal meat and 25% pelvic and kidney fat),the treatment were divide (T1): (0.075 ppm milk thistle with 0.075 ppm beetroot), (T2): (0.075 ppm nitrite with 0.075 ppm milk thistle powder),(T3): (0.075 ppm nitrite with 0.075ppm beetroot powder), (T4):Addition of the synthetic antioxidant Betalyted Hydroxy Anisole (0.01%) BHA. The physical properties resulted in cooking loos, WHC, T3the treatment excelled (8.17)%and 39.12% respectively, Fat oxidation measurements (TBA 3.02 Malone Didehyde/kg, and peroxide value 0.56 mEq/kg fat) inT3 sample show significant differences the best value ,the result are consistent with the measurements reducing power assay and DPPH – assay it was better in T3.
{"title":"EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT NITRITE BY BEET ROOT AND SILYBUM MARIANUM POWDER IN PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND LIPID OXIDATION FOR PASTERMA","authors":"Zaid I.H. Zainy, A. M. Alrubeii","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1806","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to decreasing the use of nitrite in Pasterma (sausage in Iraq) in traditional condition, beetroot and milk thistle was used with (75% veal meat and 25% pelvic and kidney fat),the treatment were divide (T1): (0.075 ppm milk thistle with 0.075 ppm beetroot), (T2): (0.075 ppm nitrite with 0.075 ppm milk thistle powder),(T3): (0.075 ppm nitrite with 0.075ppm beetroot powder), (T4):Addition of the synthetic antioxidant Betalyted Hydroxy Anisole (0.01%) BHA. The physical properties resulted in cooking loos, WHC, T3the treatment excelled (8.17)%and 39.12% respectively, Fat oxidation measurements (TBA 3.02 Malone Didehyde/kg, and peroxide value 0.56 mEq/kg fat) inT3 sample show significant differences the best value ,the result are consistent with the measurements reducing power assay and DPPH – assay it was better in T3.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85329400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1789
Muntaha M. Hadi, Majid Rasheed Prof, Dept, Coll. Sci Biot.
The aim of this research is production of disinfection (Dettol) contains herbal formula and study the efficacy of it for inhibition of pathogenic bacteria as and comparing with traditional Dettol efficacy. In this research, a herbal disinfectant and antiseptic was prepared similarly to the industrial Dettol and in terms of composition, except for the active substance (chloroxylenol), which was replaced by a plant extract (thyme) and active compound (thymol) separately. total of 50 samples hand swabs were collected randomly from children and housewives and student at university of Baghdad. The following species were isolated from swabs and identified by microscopic morphology, morphological features on culture media, and Vital Index of Traditional Environmental Knowledge(VITEK2)System and that were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia.coli, Bacillus cereus ,pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae. The results of study showed that the highest antimicrobial activity was belonged to thymol. while a lowest antibacterial effect was belonged to thyme. Highest value of minimum inhibitor concentration (mic) was (0.09) of thymol against staphylococcus aureus while a lowest mic value was (6.25) of thyme against Bacillus cereus the result of minimum bactericidal concertation (mbc) showed that thymol and Dettol were the same value (1.56) against Enterobacter cloacae.
{"title":"PRODUCTION OF GREEN DETTOL AS BACTERIAL INHIBITOR AND DISINFECTANT","authors":"Muntaha M. Hadi, Majid Rasheed Prof, Dept, Coll. Sci Biot.","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1789","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is production of disinfection (Dettol) contains herbal formula and study the efficacy of it for inhibition of pathogenic bacteria as and comparing with traditional Dettol efficacy. In this research, a herbal disinfectant and antiseptic was prepared similarly to the industrial Dettol and in terms of composition, except for the active substance (chloroxylenol), which was replaced by a plant extract (thyme) and active compound (thymol) separately. total of 50 samples hand swabs were collected randomly from children and housewives and student at university of Baghdad. The following species were isolated from swabs and identified by microscopic morphology, morphological features on culture media, and Vital Index of Traditional Environmental Knowledge(VITEK2)System and that were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia.coli, Bacillus cereus ,pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae. The results of study showed that the highest antimicrobial activity was belonged to thymol. while a lowest antibacterial effect was belonged to thyme. Highest value of minimum inhibitor concentration (mic) was (0.09) of thymol against staphylococcus aureus while a lowest mic value was (6.25) of thyme against Bacillus cereus the result of minimum bactericidal concertation (mbc) showed that thymol and Dettol were the same value (1.56) against Enterobacter cloacae.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85334182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1793
Mahmoud Ahmad, Mohammad Prof Coll, Agric
Common carp was fed at a rate of 9 ± 0.4 g/fish for a period of 56 days on four experimental diets with three replications per diet, including the addition of garlic powder to a diet containing 0 % (control diet,T1), while T2,T3 and T4 at 1.00, 1.50 and 1.75 %, respectively. Fish fed on experimental garlic-containing diet show a significantly changes (P≤ 0.05) in Packed Cell Volume and Hemoglobin as compared with the control diet. There were no significant differences in MCHC and neutrophil counted, while the albumin value of fish fed on the 2nd diet increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) among all treatments. The values of ALT (except for diet 2) and AST decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05) compared with control diet. Results of histological examination of intestine for fish fed on garlic at 1.00% showed presence of edema at the top of the villi, while the lesion was more severe in intestine of fish fed on garlic at 1.5 and 1.75%., Likewise, histological examination of the liver of carp fed garlic at 1.00, 1.5 and 1.75% showed histopathological alteration - represented by pyknosis and vacuolar degeneration of hepatocyte with atrophy of pancreas and hemorrhage. It is evident from the above that the addition of garlic powder has led to an improvement in blood and biochemical characteristics, but the addition of garlic has had some negative effects on the histological characteristics of the intestine and liver, possibly as a result of the long-term feeding of fish to these proportions of garlic.
{"title":"EFFECT OF ADDING GARLIC ALLIUM SATIVUM POWDER IN DIET ON HEMATOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CRITERIA OF COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO L.","authors":"Mahmoud Ahmad, Mohammad Prof Coll, Agric","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1793","url":null,"abstract":"Common carp was fed at a rate of 9 ± 0.4 g/fish for a period of 56 days on four experimental diets with three replications per diet, including the addition of garlic powder to a diet containing 0 % (control diet,T1), while T2,T3 and T4 at 1.00, 1.50 and 1.75 %, respectively. Fish fed on experimental garlic-containing diet show a significantly changes (P≤ 0.05) in Packed Cell Volume and Hemoglobin as compared with the control diet. There were no significant differences in MCHC and neutrophil counted, while the albumin value of fish fed on the 2nd diet increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) among all treatments. The values of ALT (except for diet 2) and AST decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05) compared with control diet. Results of histological examination of intestine for fish fed on garlic at 1.00% showed presence of edema at the top of the villi, while the lesion was more severe in intestine of fish fed on garlic at 1.5 and 1.75%., Likewise, histological examination of the liver of carp fed garlic at 1.00, 1.5 and 1.75% showed histopathological alteration - represented by pyknosis and vacuolar degeneration of hepatocyte with atrophy of pancreas and hemorrhage. It is evident from the above that the addition of garlic powder has led to an improvement in blood and biochemical characteristics, but the addition of garlic has had some negative effects on the histological characteristics of the intestine and liver, possibly as a result of the long-term feeding of fish to these proportions of garlic.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87742208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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