Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i3.1778
A. H. Ulaiwi
The aim of the study investigates the molecular diagnosis between (the Avian encephalomyelitis virus and Newcastle disease virus and differentiating the infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategies. The 1st detection by RT-PCR for(PMV-1) as primary detection then, the samples were prepared as in FTA card Whatman® and sent to (AniCon Labs) Germany to detect by one step RT-PCR (DIVA technique) between NDV and AEV genotype. The result of the molecular investigation as primary detection revealed three samples were positive with Ct values (34.0, 26.6, and 35.8) respectively. Then, in the detection of AEV the result showed all samples were negative. finally, by using (DIVA) with two primers to detect general (PMV1-9) by (M-gene) all samples were positive at Ct values (20.8, 20.1, and 25.2) respectively, and then path type by (F gene) to differentiate infected from vaccinated samples also all samples were positive with Ct values (23.8, 23.3 and 23.1) respectively. the study concluded that the samples can differentiate between AEV and NDV by using DIVA strategies to find pathotypes and differentiating between infected and vaccinal isolate based on certain amino acids in the primers.
{"title":"DIVA MOLECULAR DETECTION OF SUSPECTED CASE OF NEWCASTLE AND ENCEPHALOMYLITIS DISEASE IN LAYERS","authors":"A. H. Ulaiwi","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i3.1778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i3.1778","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study investigates the molecular diagnosis between (the Avian encephalomyelitis virus and Newcastle disease virus and differentiating the infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategies. The 1st detection by RT-PCR for(PMV-1) as primary detection then, the samples were prepared as in FTA card Whatman® and sent to (AniCon Labs) Germany to detect by one step RT-PCR (DIVA technique) between NDV and AEV genotype. The result of the molecular investigation as primary detection revealed three samples were positive with Ct values (34.0, 26.6, and 35.8) respectively. Then, in the detection of AEV the result showed all samples were negative. finally, by using (DIVA) with two primers to detect general (PMV1-9) by (M-gene) all samples were positive at Ct values (20.8, 20.1, and 25.2) respectively, and then path type by (F gene) to differentiate infected from vaccinated samples also all samples were positive with Ct values (23.8, 23.3 and 23.1) respectively. the study concluded that the samples can differentiate between AEV and NDV by using DIVA strategies to find pathotypes and differentiating between infected and vaccinal isolate based on certain amino acids in the primers.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81342718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1736
Endrias Chinasho, Maguje Masa
This study was aimed to evaluate the response of common bean cultivars to NPS fertilizer. Results revealed that the main effect of NPS rates, and cultivars highly significantly affected 50% days to flowering, number of primary branches per plant, pods per plant, hundred seeds weight, above-ground dry matter biomass, and grain yield. Nasir cv. provided highest for all the studie parameters, among NPS rate, 100 kg ha-1 recorded the highest results for the 50% days to flowering, the number of primary branches per plant, pods per plant, hundred seeds weight, above-ground dry matter biomass, and seeds yield. The interaction effects of NPS rate and cultivars highly significantly influenced days to 90% physiological maturity, plant height, total and effective nodule number, and the number of seeds per pod. Thus, cultivar Nasir interaction with 100 kg ha-1 NPS rate resulted in higher total and effective nodule number, seeds per pod, and the less for plant height which was recorded highest result for Red Wolaita with 100 kg ha-1 NPS rate. This study was revealed that cultivar Nasir with the optimum amount of NPS fertilizer application, the common bean can produce a more effective nodule that is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen for plant nourishment under acidic soil..It can be concluded as the combined use of 100 kg ha-1 NPS with cultivar Nasir results in higher grain yield and soil fertility improvement through nitrogen fixation for succeeding crops.
本试验旨在评价普通豆类品种对NPS肥的反应。结果表明，NPS的主效应显著影响了50%的开花天数、单株一次枝数、单株荚果数、百粒重、地上干物质生物量和籽粒产量。纳西尔简历。在NPS率中，100 kg ha-1在开花前50%天数、单株一次枝数、单株荚果数、百粒重、地上干物质生物量和籽粒产量均最高。NPS率与品种的互作效应极显著影响了日~ 90%生理成熟度、株高、总根瘤数和有效根瘤数以及每荚种子数。因此，在100 kg hm -1 NPS处理下，纳西尔品种的总有效根瘤数、每荚种子数和株高均较高，而在100 kg hm -1 NPS处理下，红Wolaita的株高最高。结果表明，在酸性土壤条件下，NPS与纳西尔品种配施100 kg hm -1的氮肥，可提高籽粒产量，并通过固氮提高后续作物的土壤肥力。
{"title":"NODULATION, SEED YIELD AND ITS RELATED TRAITS RESPONSE OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) CULTIVARS TO NPS FERTILIZER UNDER ACIDIC SOIL","authors":"Endrias Chinasho, Maguje Masa","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1736","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to evaluate the response of common bean cultivars to NPS fertilizer. Results revealed that the main effect of NPS rates, and cultivars highly significantly affected 50% days to flowering, number of primary branches per plant, pods per plant, hundred seeds weight, above-ground dry matter biomass, and grain yield. Nasir cv. provided highest for all the studie parameters, among NPS rate, 100 kg ha-1 recorded the highest results for the 50% days to flowering, the number of primary branches per plant, pods per plant, hundred seeds weight, above-ground dry matter biomass, and seeds yield. The interaction effects of NPS rate and cultivars highly significantly influenced days to 90% physiological maturity, plant height, total and effective nodule number, and the number of seeds per pod. Thus, cultivar Nasir interaction with 100 kg ha-1 NPS rate resulted in higher total and effective nodule number, seeds per pod, and the less for plant height which was recorded highest result for Red Wolaita with 100 kg ha-1 NPS rate. This study was revealed that cultivar Nasir with the optimum amount of NPS fertilizer application, the common bean can produce a more effective nodule that is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen for plant nourishment under acidic soil..It can be concluded as the combined use of 100 kg ha-1 NPS with cultivar Nasir results in higher grain yield and soil fertility improvement through nitrogen fixation for succeeding crops.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88128427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1737
L. K. ALJanabi, N. S. Habib, M. K. Farhan
Using the policy of price has a significant impact to developing the production of a particular crop by increasing productivity, which is eventually reflected in achieving high rates of self-sufficiency of the crops. The research objective is to identify the most important economic and social effects that will result from cancelling or reducing this subsidy Using the Cost-Benefit Analysis. The results showed that the ratio of return to cost in the case of reducing subsidies for corn farmers about 0.92%, which indicates that the one dinar invested in the cultivation of the corn under the subsidy policy achieves about 0.92 dinar, which is higher than the ratio of return to costs In the absence of this policy, that reached 0.65%. This indicates that the subsidy policy, even in reducing it, will lead to a reduction in farmers' losses by 27%. This is an incentive for the government to continue providing support to farmers to continue the production process. The study recommended that there is necessarily need to reorganize the strategy of providing support to farmers and find appropriate mechanisms for implementing the government policy to ensure that all corn farmers benefit from this support.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF SUPPORT FOR FARMERS OF THE CORN CROP IN IRAQ FOR THE YEAR 2019","authors":"L. K. ALJanabi, N. S. Habib, M. K. Farhan","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1737","url":null,"abstract":"Using the policy of price has a significant impact to developing the production of a particular crop by increasing productivity, which is eventually reflected in achieving high rates of self-sufficiency of the crops. The research objective is to identify the most important economic and social effects that will result from cancelling or reducing this subsidy Using the Cost-Benefit Analysis. The results showed that the ratio of return to cost in the case of reducing subsidies for corn farmers about 0.92%, which indicates that the one dinar invested in the cultivation of the corn under the subsidy policy achieves about 0.92 dinar, which is higher than the ratio of return to costs In the absence of this policy, that reached 0.65%. This indicates that the subsidy policy, even in reducing it, will lead to a reduction in farmers' losses by 27%. This is an incentive for the government to continue providing support to farmers to continue the production process. The study recommended that there is necessarily need to reorganize the strategy of providing support to farmers and find appropriate mechanisms for implementing the government policy to ensure that all corn farmers benefit from this support.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90606337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1730
Sanaa J. Mohamed, O. H. Salman
This research was aimed to analyze the impact of the Iraqi dinar exchange rates for the period 1990-2020 on the imported quantities of rice crop, and to measure the price elasticity of demand for this crop. The (ADRL) model was applied to measure the impact of these prices in addition to the (international price).After conducting the statistical tests (Dickie Fuller test) to examine the stability of the time series of the studied variables included in the model, which stabilized after taking the first difference for them, the results of the analysis showed that international prices had a weak effect on the imported quantities of rice crop, and that these quantities increased at an annual growth rate 6% more than the increase in the annual growth rate of foreign prices amounting to 2%, because the rice crop is one of the basic food crops in the Iraqi consumer list and that it is included in the items of the ration card distributed to individuals and therefore it is imported by the state to meet the need regardless of the rise in its prices. The private sector also imports high-quality brands regardless of prices. As for the equilibrium exchange rate, which is usually higher than the nominal exchange rate adopted by importers in obtaining foreign currency from unofficial markets, the higher the exchange rate, the lower the quantity imported, and the fixation of the nominal exchange rate for many years had a positive impact on the quantities imported by The government, so it is necessary to set an exchange rate for the Iraqi dinar that takes into account the purchasing power towards importing basic food commodities on which the community depends entirely for nutrition.
{"title":"AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE IRAQI DINAR EXCHANGE RATE ON THE IMPORTED QUANTITIES OF RICE DURING THE PERIOD 1990 - 2020","authors":"Sanaa J. Mohamed, O. H. Salman","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1730","url":null,"abstract":"This research was aimed to analyze the impact of the Iraqi dinar exchange rates for the period 1990-2020 on the imported quantities of rice crop, and to measure the price elasticity of demand for this crop. The (ADRL) model was applied to measure the impact of these prices in addition to the (international price).After conducting the statistical tests (Dickie Fuller test) to examine the stability of the time series of the studied variables included in the model, which stabilized after taking the first difference for them, the results of the analysis showed that international prices had a weak effect on the imported quantities of rice crop, and that these quantities increased at an annual growth rate 6% more than the increase in the annual growth rate of foreign prices amounting to 2%, because the rice crop is one of the basic food crops in the Iraqi consumer list and that it is included in the items of the ration card distributed to individuals and therefore it is imported by the state to meet the need regardless of the rise in its prices. The private sector also imports high-quality brands regardless of prices. As for the equilibrium exchange rate, which is usually higher than the nominal exchange rate adopted by importers in obtaining foreign currency from unofficial markets, the higher the exchange rate, the lower the quantity imported, and the fixation of the nominal exchange rate for many years had a positive impact on the quantities imported by The government, so it is necessary to set an exchange rate for the Iraqi dinar that takes into account the purchasing power towards importing basic food commodities on which the community depends entirely for nutrition.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90636786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1733
Vian Dler Ali, Farhad Hassan Aziz
A field experiment was conducted at the Grdarasha Research Field station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University – Erbil using randomized complete block design (RCBD) during the years 2019-2021 to study the effect of five levels 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of dust metals of Erbil steel factory (size 2mm mesh) in combination with compost of solid waste management and sorting of Akre district-Duhok province on growth, yield and chemical composition of Gundelia tournefortii L. The results indicated that powdery metal dust and compost fertilizer significantly increased length, diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of edible portion, and thus escalated the total yield of this plant for the two growing seasons. The highest value (669.07g/m2) of total yield was recorded by application 20g of dust metals combined with compost fertilizer in the second year. Chemical composition of edible portion also affected by fertilizer application Fe%, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Hg and Pb ppm. The results reviewed that the addition of mineral dust as nutrients and compost fertilizer significantly enhanced the concentration of these above elements in edible portion. The maximum response was obtained with the high levels of mineral treatments for all studied elements as compared with control.
2019-2021年，在埃尔比勒萨拉哈丁大学农业工程科学学院Grdarasha研究站，采用随机完全块设计(RCBD)，研究了埃尔比勒钢铁厂0、5、10、15和20 g 5个水平粉尘金属(2mm目)与阿克雷地区-杜鹤克省固体废物管理和分选堆肥对生长的影响。结果表明，粉末金属粉尘和堆肥肥显著增加了该植物可食用部分的长度、直径、鲜重和干重，从而提高了该植物两个生长季节的总产量。第二年施用20g粉尘金属与堆肥肥配施时，总产量最高，达669.07g/m2。可食用部分的化学成分也受施肥影响Fe%， Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Hg和Pb ppm。结果表明，添加矿物粉作为营养物和堆肥肥，可显著提高食用部分中上述元素的含量。与对照相比，高水平的矿物处理对所有研究元素的响应都最大。
{"title":"EFFECT OF DUST METALS AND COMPOST ON GROWTH OF Gundelia tournefortii L. AND CHEMICAL COMPOSTION OF IT᾿S EDIBLE PORTION","authors":"Vian Dler Ali, Farhad Hassan Aziz","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1733","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at the Grdarasha Research Field station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University – Erbil using randomized complete block design (RCBD) during the years 2019-2021 to study the effect of five levels 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of dust metals of Erbil steel factory (size 2mm mesh) in combination with compost of solid waste management and sorting of Akre district-Duhok province on growth, yield and chemical composition of Gundelia tournefortii L. The results indicated that powdery metal dust and compost fertilizer significantly increased length, diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of edible portion, and thus escalated the total yield of this plant for the two growing seasons. The highest value (669.07g/m2) of total yield was recorded by application 20g of dust metals combined with compost fertilizer in the second year. Chemical composition of edible portion also affected by fertilizer application Fe%, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Hg and Pb ppm. The results reviewed that the addition of mineral dust as nutrients and compost fertilizer significantly enhanced the concentration of these above elements in edible portion. The maximum response was obtained with the high levels of mineral treatments for all studied elements as compared with control. ","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76685485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1731
S. H. A. Al-ziady, L. A. Hussain
This experiment was aimed to study the effect of the interaction of herbicides and varieties with different types of foliar nutrition in production the highest yield for three wheat varieties. A field experiment was carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadiriyah for two seasons, as the seeds of the first season were sown on 13/12/2018 and harvested on 15/5/2019, and the seeds of the second season were sown on 4/12/2019 and harvested on 10/5/2020. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in the arrangement of split plots, the nutrition included the main plots, while the varieties with herbicides treatments occupied the secondary plots with three replications. The treatment of V3H3 was significantly superior in achieving the highest average in the grain yield value 4.75 and 5.10 ton h-1 for the two seasons, respectively. As for the nutrition, treatment F3 gave the highest average in the grain yield amounted to 4.74 and 4.69 ton ha-1 for the two seasons, respectively. It could be concluded that V3H3 the best treatment to compete with the weeds by giving it the highest yield. Also, It is noted that the leaves feeding treatments all led to a significant increases in the yield and some of its components despite the normal fertilization treatment was the best treatment by giving it the highest grain yield and a significant increases in two of the yield components.
{"title":"EFFECT OF PALM POLLEN,PUMPKIN EXTRACT, NANO FERTILIZER AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH WHEAT HERBICIDES","authors":"S. H. A. Al-ziady, L. A. Hussain","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1731","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was aimed to study the effect of the interaction of herbicides and varieties with different types of foliar nutrition in production the highest yield for three wheat varieties. A field experiment was carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadiriyah for two seasons, as the seeds of the first season were sown on 13/12/2018 and harvested on 15/5/2019, and the seeds of the second season were sown on 4/12/2019 and harvested on 10/5/2020. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in the arrangement of split plots, the nutrition included the main plots, while the varieties with herbicides treatments occupied the secondary plots with three replications. The treatment of V3H3 was significantly superior in achieving the highest average in the grain yield value 4.75 and 5.10 ton h-1 for the two seasons, respectively. As for the nutrition, treatment F3 gave the highest average in the grain yield amounted to 4.74 and 4.69 ton ha-1 for the two seasons, respectively. It could be concluded that V3H3 the best treatment to compete with the weeds by giving it the highest yield. Also, It is noted that the leaves feeding treatments all led to a significant increases in the yield and some of its components despite the normal fertilization treatment was the best treatment by giving it the highest grain yield and a significant increases in two of the yield components.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72787117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1723
Abdulmotalib J. Al-Rudainy, S. A. Mustafa, A. A. Ashor, M. D. Bader
In present study, we assessed the role of kaolin [(Al2Si2O5(OH)4), an inert clay], for treatment of common carp, Cyprinus carpio experimentally infected with Pesudomonas aeruginosa. Fish were experimentally challenged with P. aeruginosa (LD50= 2±0.2×109 CFU/ml), in untreated water or water treated with addition of kaolin at levels of 4, 6 and 8g/l (G1, G2 and G3 respectively). Over the 5‐day course of kaolin treatment led to significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved of survival (100%) in treated groups (G2 and G3) as compared to untreated fish (infected group; 75% survival). Considerable changes were observed in blood parameters, leucocyte count recorded significant increase (P≤0.05) in G2 and G3 relative to C- and C+ groups. Erythrocyte count, Hb content and HT(%) reported significant decrease (P≤0.05) in all treated groups (G1, G2 and G3) related to C- group. Globulin level registered significantly increased (P≤0.05) in G2 and G3 than C+ group. The current study strongly recommends that treatment of common carp infected with kaolin at 6 and 8g/l improves survival, hematological and biochemical profile, against P. aeruginosa. Future complete molecular studies are required before application of kaolin as a treatment in aquaculture.
{"title":"ROLE OF KAOLIN ON HEMTOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND SURVIVAL RATE OF CYPRINUS CARPIO CHALLENGED WITH PESUYDOMONAS AERUGINOSA","authors":"Abdulmotalib J. Al-Rudainy, S. A. Mustafa, A. A. Ashor, M. D. Bader","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1723","url":null,"abstract":"In present study, we assessed the role of kaolin [(Al2Si2O5(OH)4), an inert clay], for treatment of common carp, Cyprinus carpio experimentally infected with Pesudomonas aeruginosa. Fish were experimentally challenged with P. aeruginosa (LD50= 2±0.2×109 CFU/ml), in untreated water or water treated with addition of kaolin at levels of 4, 6 and 8g/l (G1, G2 and G3 respectively). Over the 5‐day course of kaolin treatment led to significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved of survival (100%) in treated groups (G2 and G3) as compared to untreated fish (infected group; 75% survival). Considerable changes were observed in blood parameters, leucocyte count recorded significant increase (P≤0.05) in G2 and G3 relative to C- and C+ groups. Erythrocyte count, Hb content and HT(%) reported significant decrease (P≤0.05) in all treated groups (G1, G2 and G3) related to C- group. Globulin level registered significantly increased (P≤0.05) in G2 and G3 than C+ group. The current study strongly recommends that treatment of common carp infected with kaolin at 6 and 8g/l improves survival, hematological and biochemical profile, against P. aeruginosa. Future complete molecular studies are required before application of kaolin as a treatment in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90045079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1729
R.T. Al-Wasity, Z. H. Mahmood, M. H. AL-Sammarraie
The study aimed to estimate the cost efficiency and to know the most important social and economic factors affecting the production of broiler chickens in the Baghdad governorate. Using the random parametric analysis (SFA) based on the greatest possibility (ML) method. To determine the factors affecting the cost inefficiency function. The study relied on primary data from its field sources according to a questionnaire prepared for this purpose in Baghdad Governorate for one production year (2022). Data were collected randomly from (64) projects out of a total of (546) projects, with a rate of (11.72%). The results indicated that all the explanatory variables confirmed a prior prediction of the economic theory, as all the coefficients estimated for the cost of fodder, chicks, medicines, vaccines, and chicken meat production gave positive parameters indicating agreement with the assumption that the cost function increases directly with the input prices. The average cost of broiler breeding projects in the sample area was estimated at 1.04, which is about 4% more than the minimum cost set by the limits. Breeders can achieve an additional profit of up to 12.2% if the optimum efficiency is reached, so breeders must develop their agricultural skills in managing the use of inputs to achieve the lowest possible cost efficiency.
{"title":"MEASURING EFFICIENCY OF BROILER BREEDING PROJECTS USING STOCHASTIC COST LIMIT IN IRAQ (BAGHDAD GOVERNORATE)","authors":"R.T. Al-Wasity, Z. H. Mahmood, M. H. AL-Sammarraie","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1729","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to estimate the cost efficiency and to know the most important social and economic factors affecting the production of broiler chickens in the Baghdad governorate. Using the random parametric analysis (SFA) based on the greatest possibility (ML) method. To determine the factors affecting the cost inefficiency function. The study relied on primary data from its field sources according to a questionnaire prepared for this purpose in Baghdad Governorate for one production year (2022). Data were collected randomly from (64) projects out of a total of (546) projects, with a rate of (11.72%). The results indicated that all the explanatory variables confirmed a prior prediction of the economic theory, as all the coefficients estimated for the cost of fodder, chicks, medicines, vaccines, and chicken meat production gave positive parameters indicating agreement with the assumption that the cost function increases directly with the input prices. The average cost of broiler breeding projects in the sample area was estimated at 1.04, which is about 4% more than the minimum cost set by the limits. Breeders can achieve an additional profit of up to 12.2% if the optimum efficiency is reached, so breeders must develop their agricultural skills in managing the use of inputs to achieve the lowest possible cost efficiency.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88726246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1726
Noor A. J.K. Al-Silmawy, Abdul-Ratha Researcher Prof.
A field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Researchs and the Experiments Station in Wasit province during 2019-2020 season. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of three factors, the first being biofertilizer at three levels (without addition , a combination of Bacillus megaterium + Glomus mosseae and complet combination of G. mosseae, Azotobacter chroococcum, B. megaterium and Azospirillum brasilense). the second factor was three levels of vermicompost (without,3,6 Mg ha-1).The third factor included three levels of triple superphosphate (0, 40 and 80%) of the fertilizer recommendation. The treatment were distributed in a factorial experiment according to a randomized complete block design. Results showed that the bilateral interaction between the biofertilizer added in an integrated form and vermicompost at the level of 6 Mg ha-1 had a significant effect on all studied properties, while the triple interaction between the biofertilization treatments added as an integrated combination with 6 Mg h-1 of vermicompost and 80% of the mineral fertilizer recommendation showed the highest averages for the studied traits (flower disc weight, disc weight with leaves, pink disc diameter, total yield, nitrogen and phosphorous content of fruits), which reached 2.524 kg, 4.353 kg, 35.10 cm, 75.71 Mg ha-1, 4.237%, 0.727% respectively in comparison to the control treatment that gave the lowest averages in all the above traits, which amounted to (1.081 kg, 1.624 kg, 25.10 cm, 32.43 Mg ha-1, 1.893%, 0.210% ) on the sequence.
{"title":"EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZER,VERMICOMPOST AND PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CAULIFLOWER( Brassica oleraceae Var.botrytis)","authors":"Noor A. J.K. Al-Silmawy, Abdul-Ratha Researcher Prof.","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1726","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Researchs and the Experiments Station in Wasit province during 2019-2020 season. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of three factors, the first being biofertilizer at three levels (without addition , a combination of Bacillus megaterium + Glomus mosseae and complet combination of G. mosseae, Azotobacter chroococcum, B. megaterium and Azospirillum brasilense). the second factor was three levels of vermicompost (without,3,6 Mg ha-1).The third factor included three levels of triple superphosphate (0, 40 and 80%) of the fertilizer recommendation. The treatment were distributed in a factorial experiment according to a randomized complete block design. Results showed that the bilateral interaction between the biofertilizer added in an integrated form and vermicompost at the level of 6 Mg ha-1 had a significant effect on all studied properties, while the triple interaction between the biofertilization treatments added as an integrated combination with 6 Mg h-1 of vermicompost and 80% of the mineral fertilizer recommendation showed the highest averages for the studied traits (flower disc weight, disc weight with leaves, pink disc diameter, total yield, nitrogen and phosphorous content of fruits), which reached 2.524 kg, 4.353 kg, 35.10 cm, 75.71 Mg ha-1, 4.237%, 0.727% respectively in comparison to the control treatment that gave the lowest averages in all the above traits, which amounted to (1.081 kg, 1.624 kg, 25.10 cm, 32.43 Mg ha-1, 1.893%, 0.210% ) on the sequence.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81565807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1725
Ahmed. A. Z., L. Sharma, S. Bali, A. Buzza, A. Alyokhin
This study was performed to determine whether active optical sensors could develop an algorithm for N recommendation for the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.). The experiment was conducted in Maine State, (USA) during the growing season of 2018-2019. Six N rates (0-280 kg ha-1) were applied on eleven locations under a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four replications. Data of normalized difference vegetation index-(NDVI) were collected via active sensors, GreenSeeker-(GS), and Crop Circle-(CC). Sensors measurements collected at the 20th of the leaf stage were significantly associated with tuber yield, where the exponential model exhibited a better fit for the regression curve. Conventionally, 168 kg N ha-1 produced the maximum potato yield. The N rate computed based on in-season sensors reading reduced by about 12-14% from the total N rate that growers use to apply based on the conventional approach. Studying potato cultivars separately in the same soil properties can improve the algorithm accurately.
本研究旨在确定主动光学传感器能否开发马铃薯作物(Solanum tuberosum L.)氮素推荐算法。该试验于2018-2019年生长季节在美国缅因州进行。采用随机完全区设计(RCBD)，在11个地点施用6种氮肥(0 ~ 280 kg hm -1)，共4个重复。归一化植被指数-(NDVI)数据通过主动传感器、GreenSeeker-(GS)和Crop Circle-(CC)采集。叶片第20期的传感器测量值与块茎产量显著相关，其中指数模型与回归曲线拟合较好。按惯例，168公斤氮肥每公顷可产生最大马铃薯产量。根据当季传感器读数计算出的施氮量比种植者采用传统方法施用的总施氮量减少了约12-14%。在相同的土壤性质下单独研究马铃薯品种可以提高算法的准确性。
{"title":"ACTIVE OPTICAL SENSORS TO DEVELOP NITROGEN FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POTATO CROP","authors":"Ahmed. A. Z., L. Sharma, S. Bali, A. Buzza, A. Alyokhin","doi":"10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1725","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed to determine whether active optical sensors could develop an algorithm for N recommendation for the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.). The experiment was conducted in Maine State, (USA) during the growing season of 2018-2019. Six N rates (0-280 kg ha-1) were applied on eleven locations under a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four replications. Data of normalized difference vegetation index-(NDVI) were collected via active sensors, GreenSeeker-(GS), and Crop Circle-(CC). Sensors measurements collected at the 20th of the leaf stage were significantly associated with tuber yield, where the exponential model exhibited a better fit for the regression curve. Conventionally, 168 kg N ha-1 produced the maximum potato yield. The N rate computed based on in-season sensors reading reduced by about 12-14% from the total N rate that growers use to apply based on the conventional approach. Studying potato cultivars separately in the same soil properties can improve the algorithm accurately.","PeriodicalId":14562,"journal":{"name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82130993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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