Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005241
Ava Resae, M. Yousefi, S. Naeimi, Ali Mahdavi
Background: Formaldehyde is a volatile organic compound widely used in industry and medical fields such as Anatomy and Pathology. Exposure to this chemical negatively affects the skin, mucous membrane, and respiratory system. It can pass through the blood-brain barrier, potentially causing neurotoxicity. According to studies, formaldehyde might be involved in memory impairment and the cognitive decline process in Alzheimer disease (AD). Objectives: This study aimed to simulate chronic occupational formaldehyde exposure in rats and study its impacts on passive avoidance conditioning and anxiety. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 6 rats each. After an adaptation period, the rats were exposed to 1, 2, and 3 ppm formaldehyde vapor in an exposure chamber, 6 hours per day for 7 days. The control group was exposed to saline. After the exposure period, a shuttle box for passive avoidance conditioning and an elevated plus-maze test for assessing anxiety levels were performed. The data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test for group comparison in SPSS and SAS software. Results: In the shuttle box test, formaldehyde dose-dependently decreased escape-through latency and increased the percentage of dark compartment entries (P<0.0001). In the elevated plus maze test, the percentage of time spent in open arms decreased by increasing the dosage (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Based on these findings, formaldehyde exposure can negatively alter brain function and cause memory impairment and anxiety.
{"title":"Effects of Occupational Formaldehyde Exposure on Passive Avoidance Conditioning and Anxiety Levels in Wistar rats","authors":"Ava Resae, M. Yousefi, S. Naeimi, Ali Mahdavi","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005241","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Formaldehyde is a volatile organic compound widely used in industry and medical fields such as Anatomy and Pathology. Exposure to this chemical negatively affects the skin, mucous membrane, and respiratory system. It can pass through the blood-brain barrier, potentially causing neurotoxicity. According to studies, formaldehyde might be involved in memory impairment and the cognitive decline process in Alzheimer disease (AD). Objectives: This study aimed to simulate chronic occupational formaldehyde exposure in rats and study its impacts on passive avoidance conditioning and anxiety. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 6 rats each. After an adaptation period, the rats were exposed to 1, 2, and 3 ppm formaldehyde vapor in an exposure chamber, 6 hours per day for 7 days. The control group was exposed to saline. After the exposure period, a shuttle box for passive avoidance conditioning and an elevated plus-maze test for assessing anxiety levels were performed. The data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test for group comparison in SPSS and SAS software. Results: In the shuttle box test, formaldehyde dose-dependently decreased escape-through latency and increased the percentage of dark compartment entries (P<0.0001). In the elevated plus maze test, the percentage of time spent in open arms decreased by increasing the dosage (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Based on these findings, formaldehyde exposure can negatively alter brain function and cause memory impairment and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42203853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005272
O. Chukwu, Chinedum Uche Emelike, N. G. Konyefom, S. Ibekailo, Ofovwe O. Ekakitie, S. Ghasi, E. Iyare
Background: Experiments using animal models have indicated that maternal diet during the perinatal period can drastically impact the life-long susceptibility of offspring to chronic disease. Objectives: This study aims to determine the impact of perinatal consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa to feed restriction on offspring heart development. Methods: In this study, we used 25 pregnant rats. They were grouped as follows: group 1 (normal control), group 2 (70% feed restriction), group 3 (70% feed restriction and 5mg/kg body weight of H. sabdariffa administration), group 4 (70% feed restriction, and 10mg/kg body weight of H. sabdariffa administration), and group 5 (70% feed restriction and 20mg/kg body weight of H. sabdariffa administration). Dams were only allowed to nurse 8 pups. Pups were weaned and observed daily for puberty onset. Blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of creatine kinase, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde. The hearts were excised, weighed, and prepared for histological examination. Results: The result showed a significant increase in absolute and relative weights of the heart with alterations in the histology of the heart. There was a significant change in serum levels of creatine kinase and malondialdehyde. Conclusion: Maternal consumption of H. sabdariffa during pregnancy and lactation may increase the development of cardiovascular diseases in offspring during postnatal growth.
{"title":"Histological Studies of the Heart and Biochemical Changes Due to the Perinatal Consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Flavonoid-rich Extract) to Feed-restricted Rats on Offspring","authors":"O. Chukwu, Chinedum Uche Emelike, N. G. Konyefom, S. Ibekailo, Ofovwe O. Ekakitie, S. Ghasi, E. Iyare","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005272","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Experiments using animal models have indicated that maternal diet during the perinatal period can drastically impact the life-long susceptibility of offspring to chronic disease. Objectives: This study aims to determine the impact of perinatal consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa to feed restriction on offspring heart development. Methods: In this study, we used 25 pregnant rats. They were grouped as follows: group 1 (normal control), group 2 (70% feed restriction), group 3 (70% feed restriction and 5mg/kg body weight of H. sabdariffa administration), group 4 (70% feed restriction, and 10mg/kg body weight of H. sabdariffa administration), and group 5 (70% feed restriction and 20mg/kg body weight of H. sabdariffa administration). Dams were only allowed to nurse 8 pups. Pups were weaned and observed daily for puberty onset. Blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of creatine kinase, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde. The hearts were excised, weighed, and prepared for histological examination. Results: The result showed a significant increase in absolute and relative weights of the heart with alterations in the histology of the heart. There was a significant change in serum levels of creatine kinase and malondialdehyde. Conclusion: Maternal consumption of H. sabdariffa during pregnancy and lactation may increase the development of cardiovascular diseases in offspring during postnatal growth.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46835549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005253
Mahmood Reza Tabrizchi, M. Ahmadi-Hamedani
Background: Detecting Döhle body inclusions in cat neutrophils is one of the most relevant toxic changes with clinical significance. It is necessary to study pre-analytical factors such as temperature and blood storage time on the formation of these toxic changes. Objectives: The present study sought to investigate the impact of blood storage time and temperature on Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions in cat neutrophils. Methods: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood samples were obtained from 8 cats without evidence of Döhle inclusions on fresh blood smears (T0). Samples were stored at room temperature (RT) and 4°C as routine storage temperatures of samples in the laboratory. Smears were prepared 2 (T2), 4 (T4), 8 (T8), and 24 (T24) hours following the blood draw for each storage condition. Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions were assessed on each smear randomly selected. Results: The percentages of neutrophils with Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions in T8 and T24 increased significantly at RT and 4°C, respectively (P<0.001) compared to T0. The smears prepared from blood samples stored at RT contained more neutrophils with Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions than 4°C. A significant difference was not found in the percentages of neutrophils with these inclusions between the two temperatures at any storage times. Conclusion: The development of Döhle body-like in cat neutrophils occurs when the analysis is delayed, especially at higher storage temperatures. This condition may affect diagnosis and clinical decisions. Therefore, the blood smears should be prepared as soon as the blood is drawn to reduce pre-analytical changes.
{"title":"Effects of Blood Storage Time and Temperature on Döhle Body or Döhle Body-like Inclusions in Feline Neutrophils","authors":"Mahmood Reza Tabrizchi, M. Ahmadi-Hamedani","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005253","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Detecting Döhle body inclusions in cat neutrophils is one of the most relevant toxic changes with clinical significance. It is necessary to study pre-analytical factors such as temperature and blood storage time on the formation of these toxic changes. Objectives: The present study sought to investigate the impact of blood storage time and temperature on Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions in cat neutrophils. Methods: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood samples were obtained from 8 cats without evidence of Döhle inclusions on fresh blood smears (T0). Samples were stored at room temperature (RT) and 4°C as routine storage temperatures of samples in the laboratory. Smears were prepared 2 (T2), 4 (T4), 8 (T8), and 24 (T24) hours following the blood draw for each storage condition. Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions were assessed on each smear randomly selected. Results: The percentages of neutrophils with Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions in T8 and T24 increased significantly at RT and 4°C, respectively (P<0.001) compared to T0. The smears prepared from blood samples stored at RT contained more neutrophils with Döhle or Döhle-like inclusions than 4°C. A significant difference was not found in the percentages of neutrophils with these inclusions between the two temperatures at any storage times. Conclusion: The development of Döhle body-like in cat neutrophils occurs when the analysis is delayed, especially at higher storage temperatures. This condition may affect diagnosis and clinical decisions. Therefore, the blood smears should be prepared as soon as the blood is drawn to reduce pre-analytical changes.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43853722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005284
O. Koohkan, H. Morovvati, A. Taheri Mirghaed
Background: Nanoparticles are increasingly exposed to ecosystems and people due to their large-scale manufacture and usage. The use of nanomaterials has increased their discharge into the aquatic environment. Objectives: This research evaluated the protective effect of Spirulina platensis against liver damage and oxidative stress in grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) after exposure to Iron oxide nanoparticles. Methods: Juvenile grey mullets were randomly classified into 12 equal groups: Group 0, 96h control group; Group 1, 60 days control group; Group 2, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) at 15mg/kg for 96h; Group 3, IONPs at 15mg/kg for 60 days; Group 4, S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 96h; Group 5, S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 60 days, Group 6, IONPs at 15mg/kg+S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 96h; Group 7, IONPs at 15mg/kg+S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 60 days; Group 8, IONPs at 15mg/kg (for 2 weeks) followed by S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 96h; Group 9, IONPs at 15mg/kg (for 2 weeks) followed by S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 60 days; Group 10, S. platensis at 300mg/kg (for 2 weeks) followed by IONPs at 15mg/kg for 96h; Group 11, S. platensis at 300mg/kg (for 2 weeks) followed by IONPs at 15mg/kg for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, samples of the liver were extracted and subjected to analyses to measure reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) Results: MDA levels in the liver were shown to have dramatically risen in the current investigation, but antioxidant SOD and GSH activity in the IONPs-treated group had significantly reduced compared to the controls. When compared to fish solely treated with IONPs, S. platensis treatment dramatically reduced liver MDA and CAT activity and raised SOD and GSH. Conclusion: All prior metrics significantly improved when IONPs-induced liver damage in fish was prevented by spirulina. By scavenging free radicals, reducing inflammation, and restoring endogenous antioxidant defense systems, S. platensis therapy has a protective effect in the liver of grey mullet against damage and oxidative stress in the IONPs.
{"title":"Effects of Spirulina platensis on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induced-oxidative Stress and Liver Damage in Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus)","authors":"O. Koohkan, H. Morovvati, A. Taheri Mirghaed","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005284","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nanoparticles are increasingly exposed to ecosystems and people due to their large-scale manufacture and usage. The use of nanomaterials has increased their discharge into the aquatic environment. Objectives: This research evaluated the protective effect of Spirulina platensis against liver damage and oxidative stress in grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) after exposure to Iron oxide nanoparticles. Methods: Juvenile grey mullets were randomly classified into 12 equal groups: Group 0, 96h control group; Group 1, 60 days control group; Group 2, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) at 15mg/kg for 96h; Group 3, IONPs at 15mg/kg for 60 days; Group 4, S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 96h; Group 5, S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 60 days, Group 6, IONPs at 15mg/kg+S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 96h; Group 7, IONPs at 15mg/kg+S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 60 days; Group 8, IONPs at 15mg/kg (for 2 weeks) followed by S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 96h; Group 9, IONPs at 15mg/kg (for 2 weeks) followed by S. platensis at 300mg/kg for 60 days; Group 10, S. platensis at 300mg/kg (for 2 weeks) followed by IONPs at 15mg/kg for 96h; Group 11, S. platensis at 300mg/kg (for 2 weeks) followed by IONPs at 15mg/kg for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, samples of the liver were extracted and subjected to analyses to measure reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) Results: MDA levels in the liver were shown to have dramatically risen in the current investigation, but antioxidant SOD and GSH activity in the IONPs-treated group had significantly reduced compared to the controls. When compared to fish solely treated with IONPs, S. platensis treatment dramatically reduced liver MDA and CAT activity and raised SOD and GSH. Conclusion: All prior metrics significantly improved when IONPs-induced liver damage in fish was prevented by spirulina. By scavenging free radicals, reducing inflammation, and restoring endogenous antioxidant defense systems, S. platensis therapy has a protective effect in the liver of grey mullet against damage and oxidative stress in the IONPs.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44254346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005256
Mohammed Sani Gaddafi, Y. Yakubu, Abdulkadir Usman Usman Junaidu, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus, Aliyu Ibrahim Musawa, B. Garba, H. Lawal
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important healthcare-associated pathogen that is also an emerging zoonosis. Objectives: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of MRSA in dairy cattle farms in Kebbi, North-Western Nigeria. Methods: A total of 200 milk samples, consisting of 50 samples each from lactating cows, were collected and used. The samples were analyzed using bacterial culture and isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Suspected MRSA isolates were identified via PCR detection of the mecA gene, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates were assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Of the two hundred milk samples examined, the prevalence of MRSA was recorded at 18% (36/200) using phenotypic and genotypic characterization methods. The susceptibility to vancomycin was observed in all isolates, and they had a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of >0.4. Conclusion: This investigation showed the colonization of healthy dairy cows by multidrug-resistant MRSA.
{"title":"Occurrence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) From Dairy Cows in Kebbi, Nigeria","authors":"Mohammed Sani Gaddafi, Y. Yakubu, Abdulkadir Usman Usman Junaidu, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus, Aliyu Ibrahim Musawa, B. Garba, H. Lawal","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005256","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important healthcare-associated pathogen that is also an emerging zoonosis. Objectives: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of MRSA in dairy cattle farms in Kebbi, North-Western Nigeria. Methods: A total of 200 milk samples, consisting of 50 samples each from lactating cows, were collected and used. The samples were analyzed using bacterial culture and isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Suspected MRSA isolates were identified via PCR detection of the mecA gene, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates were assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Of the two hundred milk samples examined, the prevalence of MRSA was recorded at 18% (36/200) using phenotypic and genotypic characterization methods. The susceptibility to vancomycin was observed in all isolates, and they had a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of >0.4. Conclusion: This investigation showed the colonization of healthy dairy cows by multidrug-resistant MRSA.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47469293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005235
O. Zehtabvar, A. Vajhi, A. Rostami, Ali Reza Vosoogh Afkhami, S. Davudypoor, Marzie Gholikhani, Seyed Hossein Modarres
Background: European pond turtle is one of the two species of freshwater turtles in Iran. Regarding clinical examinations and diagnostic imaging techniques, it is necessary to have complete anatomical information on this turtle. Objectives: This study provided complete morphometric and normal two-dimensional computerized tomographic scanning information of the vertebrae of European pond turtles. Methods: Ten European pond turtles were used in this study. Computerized tomography (CT) scans were taken from each anesthetized turtle. Then, morphometric parameters were measured in the CT scans of the vertebral column. Results: Atlas was the shortest of the cervical vertebrae, and the eighth cervical vertebra was shorter than the previous vertebrae. The articular surface of the caudal articular processes of the eighth cervical vertebra was bent, and these surfaces were almost vertical. Transverse process width had remained constant in the cervical vertebrae. The transverse process was not observed in the dorsal vertebrae. The first dorsal vertebra had a different shape than others. Conclusion: The particular shape of the last two cervical vertebrae, especially the arched shape of the eight vertebrae. The seventh and eighth cervical vertebrae have the largest transverse distance between caudal articular processes that seem necessary for cervical motion. The limited space of the caudal cervical vertebrae inside the shell chamber can be the reason for the reduction in the length of these vertebrae. The absence of a spinous process in the seventh and eighth cervical vertebrae of the neck may be related to their specific position in the neck retraction.
{"title":"Morphometric and Normal 2D CT Anatomic Study of the Vertebral Column of the European Pond Turtle (Emys orbicularis)","authors":"O. Zehtabvar, A. Vajhi, A. Rostami, Ali Reza Vosoogh Afkhami, S. Davudypoor, Marzie Gholikhani, Seyed Hossein Modarres","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005235","url":null,"abstract":"Background: European pond turtle is one of the two species of freshwater turtles in Iran. Regarding clinical examinations and diagnostic imaging techniques, it is necessary to have complete anatomical information on this turtle. Objectives: This study provided complete morphometric and normal two-dimensional computerized tomographic scanning information of the vertebrae of European pond turtles. Methods: Ten European pond turtles were used in this study. Computerized tomography (CT) scans were taken from each anesthetized turtle. Then, morphometric parameters were measured in the CT scans of the vertebral column. Results: Atlas was the shortest of the cervical vertebrae, and the eighth cervical vertebra was shorter than the previous vertebrae. The articular surface of the caudal articular processes of the eighth cervical vertebra was bent, and these surfaces were almost vertical. Transverse process width had remained constant in the cervical vertebrae. The transverse process was not observed in the dorsal vertebrae. The first dorsal vertebra had a different shape than others. Conclusion: The particular shape of the last two cervical vertebrae, especially the arched shape of the eight vertebrae. The seventh and eighth cervical vertebrae have the largest transverse distance between caudal articular processes that seem necessary for cervical motion. The limited space of the caudal cervical vertebrae inside the shell chamber can be the reason for the reduction in the length of these vertebrae. The absence of a spinous process in the seventh and eighth cervical vertebrae of the neck may be related to their specific position in the neck retraction.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41715868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005073
S. M. Peighambari, A. Yazdani, Hanie Taheri, F. Shahcheraghi
Background: Salmonella is known as one of the most important bacterial agents infecting both humans and animals. Salmonella Infantis has been reported as one of the 15 most prevalent serovars worldwide. Despite its clinical importance, there is little information on the molecular characteristics of S. Infantis in Iran. Objectives: This study was conducted to characterize S. Infantis isolates collected from poultry sources in the last decade. The isolates were typified by plasmid profile and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR). Methods: Forty S. Infantis isolates from poultry sources were subjected to plasmid profile and ERIC-PCR characterization. We used a commercial plasmid extraction kit to extract and purify plasmid DNA which then was separated by gel electrophoresis and viewed under a UV transilluminator. For ERIC-PCR, a commercial bacterial chromosomal DNA extraction kit was used. In this study, we chose ERIC2 primer for the ERIC-PCR test. Results: The plasmid profile revealed that 35% of isolates did not contain any plasmids, but the rest (65%) carried a variable number of plasmids with different molecular weights. Six plasmid profiles were found among 40 S. Infantis isolates. Using ERIC2 primer, 7 profiles were found among 40 S. Infantis isolates in ERIC-PCR. Bands with molecular weights ranging from 400 to 3000 bp were observed. Conclusion: This study provided some genetic data on S. Infantis isolates recovered from poultry sources, and these data can be used for a broader epidemiological study nationwide. These findings showed that although plasmid and ERIC profiles are valuable in epidemiological studies, they have some limitations, too.
{"title":"Plasmid Profile and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR Characterization of Salmonella Infantis Isolates Recovered From Poultry Sources","authors":"S. M. Peighambari, A. Yazdani, Hanie Taheri, F. Shahcheraghi","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005073","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Salmonella is known as one of the most important bacterial agents infecting both humans and animals. Salmonella Infantis has been reported as one of the 15 most prevalent serovars worldwide. Despite its clinical importance, there is little information on the molecular characteristics of S. Infantis in Iran. Objectives: This study was conducted to characterize S. Infantis isolates collected from poultry sources in the last decade. The isolates were typified by plasmid profile and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR). Methods: Forty S. Infantis isolates from poultry sources were subjected to plasmid profile and ERIC-PCR characterization. We used a commercial plasmid extraction kit to extract and purify plasmid DNA which then was separated by gel electrophoresis and viewed under a UV transilluminator. For ERIC-PCR, a commercial bacterial chromosomal DNA extraction kit was used. In this study, we chose ERIC2 primer for the ERIC-PCR test. Results: The plasmid profile revealed that 35% of isolates did not contain any plasmids, but the rest (65%) carried a variable number of plasmids with different molecular weights. Six plasmid profiles were found among 40 S. Infantis isolates. Using ERIC2 primer, 7 profiles were found among 40 S. Infantis isolates in ERIC-PCR. Bands with molecular weights ranging from 400 to 3000 bp were observed. Conclusion: This study provided some genetic data on S. Infantis isolates recovered from poultry sources, and these data can be used for a broader epidemiological study nationwide. These findings showed that although plasmid and ERIC profiles are valuable in epidemiological studies, they have some limitations, too.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46059335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005059
Hojat Mirsadeghi, A. Alishahi, B. Shabanpour, R. Safari, M. Daneshvar
Background: In recent years, rainbow trout roe has become a valuable and popular product among consumers. In this study, the quality and health status of this product were studied during the salting and refrigeration process. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of salting rainbow trout roe on its shelf life, volatile nitrogen, and changes in fatty acid profile during refrigerated storage. Methods: After the first wash, we grouped the fish roe into the raw roe (control group) and the salted roe (1.5% pure salt). The groups were kept in the refrigerator for 0, 15, and 30 days and analyzed for chemical, microbial, organoleptic, and fatty acids. Results: The results showed that salt content affected the fatty acid profile during the salting of the fish roe, but no significant differences were observed between the two treatments. Total bacterial counts increased during refrigerated storage, but the salted fish roe had lower total bacterial counts than the raw roe. Total volatile basic nitrogen in raw roe increased from 5.97 to 30.00 mg/kg and in salted roes from 6.05 to 23.18 mg/kg. Conclusion: Salting (1.5%) fish roe is a good way to increase its shelf life while preserving its high quality. After salting, the amount of fatty acid decreased, but no change was observed during storage.
{"title":"Effects of Salting and Refrigerator Storage on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Roe Quality: Chemical and Microbial Changes","authors":"Hojat Mirsadeghi, A. Alishahi, B. Shabanpour, R. Safari, M. Daneshvar","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.1.1005059","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, rainbow trout roe has become a valuable and popular product among consumers. In this study, the quality and health status of this product were studied during the salting and refrigeration process. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of salting rainbow trout roe on its shelf life, volatile nitrogen, and changes in fatty acid profile during refrigerated storage. Methods: After the first wash, we grouped the fish roe into the raw roe (control group) and the salted roe (1.5% pure salt). The groups were kept in the refrigerator for 0, 15, and 30 days and analyzed for chemical, microbial, organoleptic, and fatty acids. Results: The results showed that salt content affected the fatty acid profile during the salting of the fish roe, but no significant differences were observed between the two treatments. Total bacterial counts increased during refrigerated storage, but the salted fish roe had lower total bacterial counts than the raw roe. Total volatile basic nitrogen in raw roe increased from 5.97 to 30.00 mg/kg and in salted roes from 6.05 to 23.18 mg/kg. Conclusion: Salting (1.5%) fish roe is a good way to increase its shelf life while preserving its high quality. After salting, the amount of fatty acid decreased, but no change was observed during storage.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41691638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2021.323058.1005172
Solmaz Morovati, M. Bassami, G. Kalidari, Amin Tavassoli, Jamshid Razmyar, M. G. Seno
BACKGROUND: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian pathogen that infects various species of birds worldwide. Recurrent outbreaks of ND consistently occurring in Iran cause substantial economic losses each year. The Northeast region of Iran has an extensive commercial poultry industry and is also a big exporter of poultry products to other countries. Therefore, consistent and dynamic surveillance of the NDVs prevalent in this geographic region is very important in keeping the disease under control. OBJECTIVES: The virulence of the virus is determined based on the sequence of Fusion (F) protein. However, though the Phosphoprotein (P) and Matrix (M) proteins of NDV are also involved in the evolution and pathogenicity of the virus, molecular evaluation of their genomic loci in the NDVs prevalent in Iran is limited. Here, we present data for the sequences of full length P and M gene belonging to an NDV that caused the ND outbreak of 2011 in the Northeast of Iran.METHODS: The genomic sequences encoding full-length P and M proteins as well as that of F protein were amplified using PCR and sequenced by Sanger sequencing. The obtained sequences, plus their translated proteins were evaluated using various bioinformatic approaches. Such as homology and phylogenetic analyses.RESULTS: Phylogenetic analyses based on P, M, and F genes clustered our isolate together with VII.I.I GenBank sequences from Iranian sources reported from 2011 to 2019, as well as with those reported from China. But, our isolate showed less homology to vaccine strains commonly used n Iran. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that, in addition to the newly evolving sub-genotypes, VII.1.1 variants are still circulating in the region. The weak homology in determinant regions between this strain and those used for vaccine production needs to be considered in vaccination programs. Further, the persistent presence of NDV genotypes already prevalent in the Far East in Iran highlights the importance of biosecurity management and dynamic surveillance in controlling ND.
背景:新城疫病毒(NDV)是一种在世界范围内感染多种鸟类的禽类病原体。在伊朗不断发生的新流行性疾病的反复暴发每年造成巨大的经济损失。伊朗东北地区拥有广泛的商业家禽业，也是向其他国家出口家禽产品的主要地区。因此，对该地理区域流行的新型冠状病毒进行持续和动态监测对于控制该疾病非常重要。目的:根据融合(F)蛋白的序列确定病毒的毒力。然而，尽管NDV的磷蛋白(P)和基质(M)蛋白也参与了病毒的进化和致病性，但在伊朗流行的NDV中，对其基因组位点的分子评估是有限的。在这里，我们提供了属于导致2011年伊朗东北部ND暴发的NDV的全长P和M基因序列的数据。方法:采用PCR扩增编码全长P、M蛋白和F蛋白的基因组序列，采用Sanger测序法进行测序。获得的序列及其翻译蛋白使用各种生物信息学方法进行评估。如同源性和系统发育分析。结果:基于P、M和F基因的系统发育分析将该分离物与2011 - 2019年报道的伊朗来源的viii . i . i GenBank序列以及中国报道的序列聚集在一起。但是，我们的分离株与伊朗常用的疫苗株同源性较低。结论:我们的研究表明，除了新进化的亚基因型外，VII.1.1变异仍在该地区流行。该菌株与用于疫苗生产的菌株在决定区域的弱同源性需要在疫苗接种计划中加以考虑。此外，在伊朗远东地区已经流行的NDV基因型的持续存在突出了生物安全管理和动态监测在控制ND方面的重要性。
{"title":"Characterization of the Full length P and M genes in a Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Chicken Farms in Northeast of Iran","authors":"Solmaz Morovati, M. Bassami, G. Kalidari, Amin Tavassoli, Jamshid Razmyar, M. G. Seno","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2021.323058.1005172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2021.323058.1005172","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian pathogen that infects various species of birds worldwide. Recurrent outbreaks of ND consistently occurring in Iran cause substantial economic losses each year. The Northeast region of Iran has an extensive commercial poultry industry and is also a big exporter of poultry products to other countries. Therefore, consistent and dynamic surveillance of the NDVs prevalent in this geographic region is very important in keeping the disease under control. OBJECTIVES: The virulence of the virus is determined based on the sequence of Fusion (F) protein. However, though the Phosphoprotein (P) and Matrix (M) proteins of NDV are also involved in the evolution and pathogenicity of the virus, molecular evaluation of their genomic loci in the NDVs prevalent in Iran is limited. Here, we present data for the sequences of full length P and M gene belonging to an NDV that caused the ND outbreak of 2011 in the Northeast of Iran.METHODS: The genomic sequences encoding full-length P and M proteins as well as that of F protein were amplified using PCR and sequenced by Sanger sequencing. The obtained sequences, plus their translated proteins were evaluated using various bioinformatic approaches. Such as homology and phylogenetic analyses.RESULTS: Phylogenetic analyses based on P, M, and F genes clustered our isolate together with VII.I.I GenBank sequences from Iranian sources reported from 2011 to 2019, as well as with those reported from China. But, our isolate showed less homology to vaccine strains commonly used n Iran. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that, in addition to the newly evolving sub-genotypes, VII.1.1 variants are still circulating in the region. The weak homology in determinant regions between this strain and those used for vaccine production needs to be considered in vaccination programs. Further, the persistent presence of NDV genotypes already prevalent in the Far East in Iran highlights the importance of biosecurity management and dynamic surveillance in controlling ND.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43510549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2021.325585.1005182
L. Emadi, H. Jonaidi, S. Nazifi, H. Khasti, Elahe Rohani, H. Kaiya
BACKGROUND: Ghrelin is a regulatory peptide that has endocrine and metabolic effects in mammalian and birds.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ghrelin on the plasma level of some hormones and biochemical indices that are involved in the energy balance of neonatal chicks. METHODS: Intracerebroventricular injection of 20 or 40 pmol ghrelin/individual was done and blood samples were collected from jugular vein, 15 and 30 minutes after the ICV injection ghrelin for measurement of serum parameters. RESULTS: The ICV administration of 20 and 40 pmol ghrelin/individual had no effects at 15 min post-injection, but at 30 min post-injection, the triiodothyronine (T3) level significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The leptin level also declined significantly compared to that of the control group. There were no significant changes in other parameters, including insulin, T4, triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the changes that occurred in T3 and leptin levels may have been due to the effects of ghrelin on the metabolic rate and food intake (with regard to T3) and the parallel action of ghrelin and leptin (with regard to leptin).
{"title":"The effects of central ghrelin on serum parameters related to energy metabolism in neonatal chicks","authors":"L. Emadi, H. Jonaidi, S. Nazifi, H. Khasti, Elahe Rohani, H. Kaiya","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2021.325585.1005182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2021.325585.1005182","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Ghrelin is a regulatory peptide that has endocrine and metabolic effects in mammalian and birds.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ghrelin on the plasma level of some hormones and biochemical indices that are involved in the energy balance of neonatal chicks. METHODS: Intracerebroventricular injection of 20 or 40 pmol ghrelin/individual was done and blood samples were collected from jugular vein, 15 and 30 minutes after the ICV injection ghrelin for measurement of serum parameters. RESULTS: The ICV administration of 20 and 40 pmol ghrelin/individual had no effects at 15 min post-injection, but at 30 min post-injection, the triiodothyronine (T3) level significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The leptin level also declined significantly compared to that of the control group. There were no significant changes in other parameters, including insulin, T4, triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the changes that occurred in T3 and leptin levels may have been due to the effects of ghrelin on the metabolic rate and food intake (with regard to T3) and the parallel action of ghrelin and leptin (with regard to leptin).","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48866647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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