Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496037
Tyler McVeigh, William Davis, Daniel E. Guerrero, Dr. Jose L. Lopez
Cement is a commonly employed building material used by the construction industry. It is the basic binding ingredient used in concrete and it is hailed for its high strength, low cost, and ease of use. It is a versatile material and is currently implemented across the world in building foundations, roadways, and even as load bearing walls. However, for all its strength, cement is brittle and cracks easily. To combat this problem it is often mixed with a fiber additive, such as nylon and polypropylene, to take advantage of the composite material properties. By adding fibers to the cement, the flexibility and overall effective strength and durability increases.
{"title":"Surface Modification of Concrete Fiber Additives Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets","authors":"Tyler McVeigh, William Davis, Daniel E. Guerrero, Dr. Jose L. Lopez","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496037","url":null,"abstract":"Cement is a commonly employed building material used by the construction industry. It is the basic binding ingredient used in concrete and it is hailed for its high strength, low cost, and ease of use. It is a versatile material and is currently implemented across the world in building foundations, roadways, and even as load bearing walls. However, for all its strength, cement is brittle and cracks easily. To combat this problem it is often mixed with a fiber additive, such as nylon and polypropylene, to take advantage of the composite material properties. By adding fibers to the cement, the flexibility and overall effective strength and durability increases.","PeriodicalId":145705,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132840189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496183
P. Forestier-Colleoni, J. Li, C. McGuffey, J. Peebles, J. Yu, C. Krauland, F. Beg, D. Gautier, J. Fernández, S. Palaniyappan, R.P. Johnson, E. D'humieres, A. Hussein, T. Batson
We performed an experiment with the high-contrast highintensity Trident laser at LANL with the particular interest of heavy ion acceleration. This laser allows the focalization of 75 J during 650 fs on a focal spot of $4.7 mu mathrm {m}($FWHM) to reach an intensity on target of $3mathrm {x} 10 ^{20}mathrm {W} /$cm2, with an intensity contrast of $10 ^{-12}$on sub-micrometric targets (60–200 nm) of Cobalt, Titanium and Germanium. The heavy ions were characterized by two Thomson parabolas (one at0° and another at 11° with the normal rear side of the target) and by an ion angular and spectral diagnostic iWasp. Thomson parabolas reveal strongly ionized $sim 140$MeV mono-energetic ions and an optimum acceleration thickness (in energy and in number). The angular analyze performed using the iWasp and the comparison between the two TPs shows two ion beams at + /- 7° with a higher ion energy off target normal. The results show difference in the ionization state between 0 and 11°. Only one ionization state was observed on target normal and a huge number of ionization state was observed at 11°. PIC simulations were performed and show coherent results with the experiment concerning the ionization state on and off target normal and the acceleration of mono-energetic ions.
{"title":"Heavy Ions Accelerated by a High Intensity, High Contrast Laser Pulse from Sub-Micrometer Metal Targets*","authors":"P. Forestier-Colleoni, J. Li, C. McGuffey, J. Peebles, J. Yu, C. Krauland, F. Beg, D. Gautier, J. Fernández, S. Palaniyappan, R.P. Johnson, E. D'humieres, A. Hussein, T. Batson","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496183","url":null,"abstract":"We performed an experiment with the high-contrast highintensity Trident laser at LANL with the particular interest of heavy ion acceleration. This laser allows the focalization of 75 J during 650 fs on a focal spot of $4.7 mu mathrm {m}($FWHM) to reach an intensity on target of $3mathrm {x} 10 ^{20}mathrm {W} /$cm2, with an intensity contrast of $10 ^{-12}$on sub-micrometric targets (60–200 nm) of Cobalt, Titanium and Germanium. The heavy ions were characterized by two Thomson parabolas (one at0° and another at 11° with the normal rear side of the target) and by an ion angular and spectral diagnostic iWasp. Thomson parabolas reveal strongly ionized $sim 140$MeV mono-energetic ions and an optimum acceleration thickness (in energy and in number). The angular analyze performed using the iWasp and the comparison between the two TPs shows two ion beams at + /- 7° with a higher ion energy off target normal. The results show difference in the ionization state between 0 and 11°. Only one ionization state was observed on target normal and a huge number of ionization state was observed at 11°. PIC simulations were performed and show coherent results with the experiment concerning the ionization state on and off target normal and the acceleration of mono-energetic ions.","PeriodicalId":145705,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133079464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496287
A. Andreev, C. Walker
The distinguishing feature of a coaxial magnetron design is the presence of a stabilizing cavity between an anode and an output waveguide, which is coupled to the cavity through a coupling slot. The cavity, which, in its turn, is coupled to alternate anode resonators through the appropriate number of coupling slots, operates in the azimuthally-uniform TE011mode. Such a design allows the anode system of a coaxial magnetron to consist of an increased number of anode resonators/vanes, as compared to the number of resonators/vanes employed in a conventional magnetron, where an output waveguide is coupled directly to an anode resonator through a single coupling slot. Combination of a stabilizing cavity and an increased number of anode resonators/vanes in a coaxial magnetron results in enhanced stability of its operating mode, increased anode current (number of magnetron spokes), reduced RF electric field between neighbor anode vanes, and a possibility to mechanically tune its operating frequency by varying length of the stabilizing cavity.
{"title":"Computer Simulations of a Megawatt-Class S-Band Coaxial Magnetron","authors":"A. Andreev, C. Walker","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496287","url":null,"abstract":"The distinguishing feature of a coaxial magnetron design is the presence of a stabilizing cavity between an anode and an output waveguide, which is coupled to the cavity through a coupling slot. The cavity, which, in its turn, is coupled to alternate anode resonators through the appropriate number of coupling slots, operates in the azimuthally-uniform TE011mode. Such a design allows the anode system of a coaxial magnetron to consist of an increased number of anode resonators/vanes, as compared to the number of resonators/vanes employed in a conventional magnetron, where an output waveguide is coupled directly to an anode resonator through a single coupling slot. Combination of a stabilizing cavity and an increased number of anode resonators/vanes in a coaxial magnetron results in enhanced stability of its operating mode, increased anode current (number of magnetron spokes), reduced RF electric field between neighbor anode vanes, and a possibility to mechanically tune its operating frequency by varying length of the stabilizing cavity.","PeriodicalId":145705,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133529760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496193
E. Barnat, A. Fierro
The implementation and demonstration of laser-collision induced fluorescence (LCIF) generated in atmospheric pressure helium environments is presented in this communication. As collision times are observed to be fast (~ 10 ns), ultrashort pulse laser excitation (< 100 fs) of the 23S to 33P (388.9 nm) is utilized to initiation the LCIF process. Both neutral induced and electron induced components of the LCIF are observed in helium afterglow plasma as the reduced electric field (E/N) is tuned from < 0.1 Td to over 5 Td. Under the discharge conditions presented in this study (640 Torr He), the lower limit of electron density detection is ~ 1012 e/cm3. Spatial profiles of the 23S helium metastable and electrons are presented as functions of E/N to demonstrate the spatial resolving capabilities of the LCIF method.
{"title":"Development of Laser-Collision Induced Fluorescence for Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Generated in Helium Atmospheres","authors":"E. Barnat, A. Fierro","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496193","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation and demonstration of laser-collision induced fluorescence (LCIF) generated in atmospheric pressure helium environments is presented in this communication. As collision times are observed to be fast (~ 10 ns), ultrashort pulse laser excitation (< 100 fs) of the 23S to 33P (388.9 nm) is utilized to initiation the LCIF process. Both neutral induced and electron induced components of the LCIF are observed in helium afterglow plasma as the reduced electric field (E/N) is tuned from < 0.1 Td to over 5 Td. Under the discharge conditions presented in this study (640 Torr He), the lower limit of electron density detection is ~ 1012 e/cm3. Spatial profiles of the 23S helium metastable and electrons are presented as functions of E/N to demonstrate the spatial resolving capabilities of the LCIF method.","PeriodicalId":145705,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133413599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496289
P. Bernhardt, B. Rock, N. Pereira
The production of glow-discharge plasmas by enhanced electric fields inside a spherical porous cavity resonator (SPCR) was studied using laboratory experiments with support by electromagnetic (EM) theory 1 and plasma production equations. The laboratory experiments showed the generation of a stable plasma clouds with a coax-driven stub inserted in the side of the SPCR. The intensity of the light from the cloud became saturated with increased input power. The frequency for production of the densest and brightest plasma ball shifted with increased pump wave power. These experimental observations were investigated using theoretical investigations of the RF driven plasma. The electromagnetic models of the EM wave interactions with the plasma cloud showed (1) formation of the most intense fields at the critical surface where the plasma frequency equals the pump frequency, (2) up shifting of the SPCR plus plasma cloud resonance frequency with the enhancements in plasma cloud density, and (3) reduction of the internal EM wave amplitude from damping by electron-neutral collisions. Cavity amplification saturation and resonator frequency shifting with increased pump power makes the limits the use of the microwave driven SPCR as an illumination source. The SPCR can provide a plasma cloud that has both microwave scatter and compact antenna applications. The EM wave interaction property of the plasma cloud that extends outside the SPCR has been explored in the laboratory using transmissions at 2.45 GHz 2 and 14.1 GHz.
{"title":"Microwave Driven Plasma Ball Generator For Illumination And Rf Applications","authors":"P. Bernhardt, B. Rock, N. Pereira","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496289","url":null,"abstract":"The production of glow-discharge plasmas by enhanced electric fields inside a spherical porous cavity resonator (SPCR) was studied using laboratory experiments with support by electromagnetic (EM) theory 1 and plasma production equations. The laboratory experiments showed the generation of a stable plasma clouds with a coax-driven stub inserted in the side of the SPCR. The intensity of the light from the cloud became saturated with increased input power. The frequency for production of the densest and brightest plasma ball shifted with increased pump wave power. These experimental observations were investigated using theoretical investigations of the RF driven plasma. The electromagnetic models of the EM wave interactions with the plasma cloud showed (1) formation of the most intense fields at the critical surface where the plasma frequency equals the pump frequency, (2) up shifting of the SPCR plus plasma cloud resonance frequency with the enhancements in plasma cloud density, and (3) reduction of the internal EM wave amplitude from damping by electron-neutral collisions. Cavity amplification saturation and resonator frequency shifting with increased pump power makes the limits the use of the microwave driven SPCR as an illumination source. The SPCR can provide a plasma cloud that has both microwave scatter and compact antenna applications. The EM wave interaction property of the plasma cloud that extends outside the SPCR has been explored in the laboratory using transmissions at 2.45 GHz 2 and 14.1 GHz.","PeriodicalId":145705,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131274126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496316
S. Hsu, S. Langendorf, J. Dunn, K. Yates, M. Gilmore, F. Witherspoon, S. Brockington, A. Case, E. Cruz, J. Cassibry, K. Schillo, R. Samulyak, W. Shih, P. Stoltz, K. Beckwith
Spherically imploding plasma liners1 are a proposed low-cost, reactor-relevant magneto-inertial-fusion (MIF) driver for compressing magnetized plasma targets to fusion conditions. The Plasma Liner Experiment–ALPHA (PLX-α aims to demonstrate the formation of subscale plasma liners via dozens of merging supersonic plasma jets (with initial ion density ~ 1016 cm-3, velocity ≈50 km/s, mass ~ 1 mg, and using various gas species). In the ongoing, first set of PLX-α experiments, we plan to merge six and seven plasma jets to form a conical section of a spherically imploding plasma liner in order to assess the shock heating (and associated Mach-number degradation) and uniformity of the liner upon jet merging and during further convergence, before proceeding to fully spherical liner-formation experiments (if warranted by the conical-liner results). In this talk, we will summarize experimental findings to date on characterizing plasma jets formed by the newly designed PLX-α guns and conical-plasma-liner formation with up to seven guns. Gated fast-framing-camera images from initial shakedown experiments suggest that shock formation between adjacent merging jets is consistent with oblique-shock formation as observed in earlier two- and three-jet merging experiments.2,3
{"title":"Formation and Characterization of a Conical Section of a Spherically Imploding Plasma Liner*","authors":"S. Hsu, S. Langendorf, J. Dunn, K. Yates, M. Gilmore, F. Witherspoon, S. Brockington, A. Case, E. Cruz, J. Cassibry, K. Schillo, R. Samulyak, W. Shih, P. Stoltz, K. Beckwith","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496316","url":null,"abstract":"Spherically imploding plasma liners1 are a proposed low-cost, reactor-relevant magneto-inertial-fusion (MIF) driver for compressing magnetized plasma targets to fusion conditions. The Plasma Liner Experiment–ALPHA (PLX-α aims to demonstrate the formation of subscale plasma liners via dozens of merging supersonic plasma jets (with initial ion density ~ 1016 cm-3, velocity ≈50 km/s, mass ~ 1 mg, and using various gas species). In the ongoing, first set of PLX-α experiments, we plan to merge six and seven plasma jets to form a conical section of a spherically imploding plasma liner in order to assess the shock heating (and associated Mach-number degradation) and uniformity of the liner upon jet merging and during further convergence, before proceeding to fully spherical liner-formation experiments (if warranted by the conical-liner results). In this talk, we will summarize experimental findings to date on characterizing plasma jets formed by the newly designed PLX-α guns and conical-plasma-liner formation with up to seven guns. Gated fast-framing-camera images from initial shakedown experiments suggest that shock formation between adjacent merging jets is consistent with oblique-shock formation as observed in earlier two- and three-jet merging experiments.2,3","PeriodicalId":145705,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115575055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496189
L. Atoyan, D. Hammer, J. Banasek, T. Byvank, J. Greenly, B. Kusse, S. Rocco
On the 20 MA Z machine, the helical instability features that are observed in magnetized metal liner experiments were mitigated using a dielectric coating. 1In the experiments to be presented, we compare results using liners with and without a dielectric coating and without an applied axial magnetic field on the 1 MA, 100-200 ns COBRA pulsed power generator at Cornell University. 2Diagnostics used in these experiments include 4-frame extreme ultraviolet imaging, 3-frame laser imaging, and high resolution X-ray radiography. This combination of diagnostics enables investigation of plasma formation and evolution ranging from the higher density $( > 10 ^{19} /$cm $^{3})$region close to the initial liner radius to the lower density regions $sim 0.3$mm from that radius.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Dielectric Coatings on Cylindrical Metal Liners Driven by a 1 MA Pulsed Power Generator","authors":"L. Atoyan, D. Hammer, J. Banasek, T. Byvank, J. Greenly, B. Kusse, S. Rocco","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496189","url":null,"abstract":"On the 20 MA Z machine, the helical instability features that are observed in magnetized metal liner experiments were mitigated using a dielectric coating. 1In the experiments to be presented, we compare results using liners with and without a dielectric coating and without an applied axial magnetic field on the 1 MA, 100-200 ns COBRA pulsed power generator at Cornell University. 2Diagnostics used in these experiments include 4-frame extreme ultraviolet imaging, 3-frame laser imaging, and high resolution X-ray radiography. This combination of diagnostics enables investigation of plasma formation and evolution ranging from the higher density $( > 10 ^{19} /$cm $^{3})$region close to the initial liner radius to the lower density regions $sim 0.3$mm from that radius.","PeriodicalId":145705,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123914152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496136
Z. Ioannidis, T. Rzesnicki, K. Avramidis, G. Gantenbein, S. Illy, J. Jin, T. Kobarg, I. Pagonakis, M. Schmid, M. Thumm, A. Zein, J. Jelonnek, S. Alberti, F. Braunmueller, J. Hogge, C. Schlatter, J. Genoud, M. Tran, W. Kasparek, C. Lechte, J. Chelis, G. Latsas, A. Zisis, I. Tigelis, A. Bruschi, W. Bin, M. Lontano, V. Hermann, Y. Rozier, F. Legrand, F. Albajar, T. Bonicelli, P. Frigot
The first series of experiments with the EU 1 MW, 170 GHz CW industrial prototype gyrotron1 for ITER have been completed at the KIT test facility at the end of 2016. Depressed collector operation with 180s pulses (pulse length limited by the HV power supply at KIT) at the Low Voltage Operating Point (Ib~45 A, Vacc~71 kV) resulted in 0.8 MW RF output power with 37 % total efficiency. Similar results were obtained for the High Voltage Operating Point (Ib~40 A, Vacc~80 kV) also. The experiments on the CW gyrotron with pulse duration of up to 1 hour will be continued in 2017 at SPC, Lausanne. In parallel, further experiments with the almost identical, modular short-pulse (SP) version of the gyrotron2, which delivered more than 1.2 MW, are currently ongoing at KIT in order to identify ways to further improve the performance of the CW prototype.
{"title":"Progress of The Experiments With the European 1Mw, 170Ghz Industrial Cw Prototype Gyrotron For Iter","authors":"Z. Ioannidis, T. Rzesnicki, K. Avramidis, G. Gantenbein, S. Illy, J. Jin, T. Kobarg, I. Pagonakis, M. Schmid, M. Thumm, A. Zein, J. Jelonnek, S. Alberti, F. Braunmueller, J. Hogge, C. Schlatter, J. Genoud, M. Tran, W. Kasparek, C. Lechte, J. Chelis, G. Latsas, A. Zisis, I. Tigelis, A. Bruschi, W. Bin, M. Lontano, V. Hermann, Y. Rozier, F. Legrand, F. Albajar, T. Bonicelli, P. Frigot","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496136","url":null,"abstract":"The first series of experiments with the EU 1 MW, 170 GHz CW industrial prototype gyrotron<sup>1</sup> for ITER have been completed at the KIT test facility at the end of 2016. Depressed collector operation with 180s pulses (pulse length limited by the HV power supply at KIT) at the Low Voltage Operating Point (I<inf>b</inf>~45 A, V<inf>acc</inf>~71 kV) resulted in 0.8 MW RF output power with 37 % total efficiency. Similar results were obtained for the High Voltage Operating Point (I<inf>b</inf>~40 A, V<inf>acc</inf>~80 kV) also. The experiments on the CW gyrotron with pulse duration of up to 1 hour will be continued in 2017 at SPC, Lausanne. In parallel, further experiments with the almost identical, modular short-pulse (SP) version of the gyrotron<sup>2</sup>, which delivered more than 1.2 MW, are currently ongoing at KIT in order to identify ways to further improve the performance of the CW prototype.","PeriodicalId":145705,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124189385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496046
J. Brandon, K. Ford, D. Peterson, S. Shannon
Pulsed low temperature plasmas are an area of recent interest in semiconductor manufacturing applications because they offer a new set of available chemistry when compared to steady state operation. Most work has focused on the transient behavior of these plasmas at the transition from power on to power off. The dynamics of the transition from power off to power on is equally important for process control as it contributes to electron temperature increases, voltage variation, and discharge impedance transients that can all impact application performance. Further, dynamic feedback mechanisms to the external circuitry have been an area of little investigation during the power-on portion of the pulsing cycle.
{"title":"Time-Resolved Electron Density Measurements of the Rise Cycle in a Pulsed Inductively Coupled Plasma","authors":"J. Brandon, K. Ford, D. Peterson, S. Shannon","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496046","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed low temperature plasmas are an area of recent interest in semiconductor manufacturing applications because they offer a new set of available chemistry when compared to steady state operation. Most work has focused on the transient behavior of these plasmas at the transition from power on to power off. The dynamics of the transition from power off to power on is equally important for process control as it contributes to electron temperature increases, voltage variation, and discharge impedance transients that can all impact application performance. Further, dynamic feedback mechanisms to the external circuitry have been an area of little investigation during the power-on portion of the pulsing cycle.","PeriodicalId":145705,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114320837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496242
Andrew J. Fairbanks, A. Darr, Anand Vadlamani, A. Garner
High-intensity electric pulses (EPs) alter the mechanical structure of mammalian cells by creating small pores in the plasma membrane 1. One can correlate these EP induced structural changes to changes in electrical properties 2, 3. One electrical characterization technique is time domain dielectric spectroscopy (TDDS), in which one applies low intensity EP to a cell suspension and measures the reflected signal. From this, one can extract the conductivity and permittivity of the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nuclear envelope, and nucleoplasm in cells by using a two-shell model 2, 3. However, TDDS uses sensitive equipment that prohibits measuring the changes of these properties during a high-intensity EP. In this study, we measure the changes in cell suspension conductivity in real time to elucidate ion transport during EPs. We fix EP application at three different energy densities for three cell media of different conductivity and ion concentration and pulse durations of 60 ns and 300 ns. The conductivity increased during the pulse, indicating ion motion from the cell to the extracellular medium. While similar to the increased conductivity observed by TDDS [2], those measurements occurred greater than one minute after exposure, meaning that diffusion could contribute while the measurements during the EP would only consider electrophoresis. We use a mathematical model 4 coupling the asymptotic Smoluchowski representation of EP induced pore formation with the Nernst-Planck model for ion motion to predict ion motion for the EP parameters studied here to elucidate the contributions of electrophoresis and diffusion. The implications for the mechanisms involved in EP-induced electropermeabilization and ion transport will be discussed.
{"title":"Measurement of Electric Modification of Cell Suspension Conductivity During Treatment","authors":"Andrew J. Fairbanks, A. Darr, Anand Vadlamani, A. Garner","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2017.8496242","url":null,"abstract":"High-intensity electric pulses (EPs) alter the mechanical structure of mammalian cells by creating small pores in the plasma membrane 1. One can correlate these EP induced structural changes to changes in electrical properties 2, 3. One electrical characterization technique is time domain dielectric spectroscopy (TDDS), in which one applies low intensity EP to a cell suspension and measures the reflected signal. From this, one can extract the conductivity and permittivity of the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nuclear envelope, and nucleoplasm in cells by using a two-shell model 2, 3. However, TDDS uses sensitive equipment that prohibits measuring the changes of these properties during a high-intensity EP. In this study, we measure the changes in cell suspension conductivity in real time to elucidate ion transport during EPs. We fix EP application at three different energy densities for three cell media of different conductivity and ion concentration and pulse durations of 60 ns and 300 ns. The conductivity increased during the pulse, indicating ion motion from the cell to the extracellular medium. While similar to the increased conductivity observed by TDDS [2], those measurements occurred greater than one minute after exposure, meaning that diffusion could contribute while the measurements during the EP would only consider electrophoresis. We use a mathematical model 4 coupling the asymptotic Smoluchowski representation of EP induced pore formation with the Nernst-Planck model for ion motion to predict ion motion for the EP parameters studied here to elucidate the contributions of electrophoresis and diffusion. The implications for the mechanisms involved in EP-induced electropermeabilization and ion transport will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":145705,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114434879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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