Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.111258.1586
A. Yegdaneh, Elmira Mohammadi, N. Mehdinezhad, L. Shabani, Pardis Mohammadi Pour
Marine soft corals contain a variety of secondary metabolites with diverse, biological activities, including cytotoxic and anti-oxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic content, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of some soft corals of Persian Gulf including: Junceella juncea, Cavernularia sp., white Menella sp., brown Menella sp., Virgularia sp., Sinularia compressa, Sinularia variablis and Sinularia polydactyla were collected from Persian Gulf and extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate (1:1) solvent. The extract was evaporated and the total phenolic content was evaluated by using the Folin-ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity of corals was tested by using DPPH photometric assay and cytotoxic activity of them against MCF-7 and OVCAR-3 cancer cell lines were performed. The cell survivals of MCF-7 and OVCAR-3 cell lines were decreased by increasing the concentration of the extracts. The brown Menella sp. showed the highest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 with IC50 values of 325.45±2.57 µg/ml and S. polydactyla showed the highest cytotoxic activity against OVCAR-3 cell line with IC50 values of 260.99±7.93 µg/ml. White Menella sp. showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values 0.056 µg/ml. Finally Cavernularia sp. had the most polyphenol content with 186.33 mg/L.
{"title":"Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Some Soft Corals from the Persian Gulf","authors":"A. Yegdaneh, Elmira Mohammadi, N. Mehdinezhad, L. Shabani, Pardis Mohammadi Pour","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.111258.1586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.111258.1586","url":null,"abstract":"Marine soft corals contain a variety of secondary metabolites with diverse, biological activities, including cytotoxic and anti-oxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic content, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of some soft corals of Persian Gulf including: Junceella juncea, Cavernularia sp., white Menella sp., brown Menella sp., Virgularia sp., Sinularia compressa, Sinularia variablis and Sinularia polydactyla were collected from Persian Gulf and extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate (1:1) solvent. The extract was evaporated and the total phenolic content was evaluated by using the Folin-ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity of corals was tested by using DPPH photometric assay and cytotoxic activity of them against MCF-7 and OVCAR-3 cancer cell lines were performed. The cell survivals of MCF-7 and OVCAR-3 cell lines were decreased by increasing the concentration of the extracts. The brown Menella sp. showed the highest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 with IC50 values of 325.45±2.57 µg/ml and S. polydactyla showed the highest cytotoxic activity against OVCAR-3 cell line with IC50 values of 260.99±7.93 µg/ml. White Menella sp. showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values 0.056 µg/ml. Finally Cavernularia sp. had the most polyphenol content with 186.33 mg/L.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47941597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.83052.1409
R. Parhi, S. Goutam, S. Mondal
The objective of the current study was to develop Ibuprofen (IBP) gel using different polymers individually and in combination and then to select best gel formulation based on various in-vitro evaluation parameters such as bioadhesive strength, gel strength, spreadability, viscosity and drug release study. The selected gel formulation was found to be composed of 1% (w/w) each of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M) and sodium carboxy methylcellulose (NaCMC). Two techniques such as chemical method using 1,8-cineole as chemical penetration enhancer (CPE) and physical technique using microneedle were employed to improve IBP permeation across the abdominal skin of rat. Out of the two techniques, the later technique showed higher (2.865-fold) permeation enhancement compared to control. Furthermore, a synergistic effect was also observed when both the techniques were used simultaneously with 3.307-fold increase in permeation enhancement. In-vivo anti-inflammatory study on rats induced with carrageenan paw oedema and analgesic activity investigation by tail flick method in rat model exhibited sustained effect up to 8 h compared to orally treated group. The stability study at room and accelerated conditions for three months did not show any sign of instability. Thus, the developed IBP gel is stable and have potential to illicit both anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect when administered transdermally.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Gel of Ibuprofen: Use of Penetration Enhancer and Microneedle","authors":"R. Parhi, S. Goutam, S. Mondal","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.83052.1409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.83052.1409","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the current study was to develop Ibuprofen (IBP) gel using different polymers individually and in combination and then to select best gel formulation based on various in-vitro evaluation parameters such as bioadhesive strength, gel strength, spreadability, viscosity and drug release study. The selected gel formulation was found to be composed of 1% (w/w) each of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M) and sodium carboxy methylcellulose (NaCMC). Two techniques such as chemical method using 1,8-cineole as chemical penetration enhancer (CPE) and physical technique using microneedle were employed to improve IBP permeation across the abdominal skin of rat. Out of the two techniques, the later technique showed higher (2.865-fold) permeation enhancement compared to control. Furthermore, a synergistic effect was also observed when both the techniques were used simultaneously with 3.307-fold increase in permeation enhancement. In-vivo anti-inflammatory study on rats induced with carrageenan paw oedema and analgesic activity investigation by tail flick method in rat model exhibited sustained effect up to 8 h compared to orally treated group. The stability study at room and accelerated conditions for three months did not show any sign of instability. Thus, the developed IBP gel is stable and have potential to illicit both anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect when administered transdermally.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"11-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45349393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.90628.1464
L. Motadi
Introduction: In South Africa, cervical cancer is the utmost common cancer in women with an annual crude incidence rate of 30.2 per 100,000 women. Many homes are still dependent on traditional medicine. Because of the name “cancer bush’ given to Sutherlandia frutescens (SF) plant by the traditional healers for its anti-cancer activity, the plant was used lines. Methods: MTT and xCELLigence were used to predict the IC50 and evaluate methanolic extract effect on SiHa cell lines. A flow cytometer was used to characterize the cell death type. Caspase 3/7 and ATP assays. Results: MTT and xCELLigence results showed a growth inhibition following treatment with varying concentrations of Sutherlandia frutescens with IC50 optimal at 50ug/ml. ATP level increased in S.F treated cells. Flow cytometry showed cells dying by apoptosis and with many cells trapped in S-Phase. Caspase activity was high in methanolic treated cells. The compounds used were: Canavanine, GABA and Pinitol. These compounds induced cell death at the highest concentration used. Conclusion: Sutherlandia frutescens has shown potential to disrupt DNA replication thereby damaging DNA and arresting cells at S-phase leading to cell death by apoptosis.
{"title":"Screening methanolic extracts of Sutherlandia spp as anti-tumor agents and their effects on anti-apoptotic genes.","authors":"L. Motadi","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.90628.1464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.90628.1464","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In South Africa, cervical cancer is the utmost common cancer in women with an annual crude incidence rate of 30.2 per 100,000 women. Many homes are still dependent on traditional medicine. Because of the name “cancer bush’ given to Sutherlandia frutescens (SF) plant by the traditional healers for its anti-cancer activity, the plant was used lines. Methods: MTT and xCELLigence were used to predict the IC50 and evaluate methanolic extract effect on SiHa cell lines. A flow cytometer was used to characterize the cell death type. Caspase 3/7 and ATP assays. Results: MTT and xCELLigence results showed a growth inhibition following treatment with varying concentrations of Sutherlandia frutescens with IC50 optimal at 50ug/ml. ATP level increased in S.F treated cells. Flow cytometry showed cells dying by apoptosis and with many cells trapped in S-Phase. Caspase activity was high in methanolic treated cells. The compounds used were: Canavanine, GABA and Pinitol. These compounds induced cell death at the highest concentration used. Conclusion: Sutherlandia frutescens has shown potential to disrupt DNA replication thereby damaging DNA and arresting cells at S-phase leading to cell death by apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"45-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46883776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.104507.1535
M. Bagheri, Sima Mohammadi Bidhendi, H. K. Mohammadpour, S. Banazadeh, A. Pourfathollah, P. Kokhaei, S. M. Jalali, A. Aghaie
Based on European Pharmacopeia, there are some features which should be measured for any intravenous immunoglobulins prior to final release of the product. The most critical ones are the level of prekallikrein and anti-complementary activity in final formulation. For all commercial products, the national reference laboratory is prone to conduct such tests and there is no local report on quality control tests done on the products derived from Iranian human plasma. The study is to measure and control the international requirements such as prekallikrein count and anti-complementary activity for human intravenous immunoglobulins manufactured by local developed process in Iran in pilot scale. IgG-rich fraction was obtained by two fractionation methods. Cryoprecipitate was separated from tested fresh frozen plasma in both methods. In method I, for the next steps, fraction I paste, fraction II+III paste, and at the end, the fraction II paste were precipitated. In method II, the fraction I+II+III paste was simultaneously precipitated followed by deriving the fraction II paste. The paste obtained by both methods was separately subjected to the purification processes using anion and cation exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration and activity level of Prekallikrein in addition to anti-complement activity were compared with other laboratory evaluations. No difference was illustrated between protein and albumin content, pH, and conductivity of the two products. The fraction II paste obtained from both methods, was measured and compared with each other. The IgG yield compared to the primary plasma was calculated as 4.6 and 4.3 g for the aforementioned methods respectively. The absence of impurities was determined by a strong IgG bond in electrophoresis while by HPLC, the dimer/ monomer content was measured more than 99% and the polymer/ aggregate was less than 1%. The amount of prekallikrein and total anti-coagulant activity met the European Pharmacopoeia requirements for both methods.
{"title":"Quality evaluation and comparison of immunoglobulin prepared by two various methods of human plasma fractionation","authors":"M. Bagheri, Sima Mohammadi Bidhendi, H. K. Mohammadpour, S. Banazadeh, A. Pourfathollah, P. Kokhaei, S. M. Jalali, A. Aghaie","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.104507.1535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.104507.1535","url":null,"abstract":"Based on European Pharmacopeia, there are some features which should be measured for any intravenous immunoglobulins prior to final release of the product. The most critical ones are the level of prekallikrein and anti-complementary activity in final formulation. For all commercial products, the national reference laboratory is prone to conduct such tests and there is no local report on quality control tests done on the products derived from Iranian human plasma. The study is to measure and control the international requirements such as prekallikrein count and anti-complementary activity for human intravenous immunoglobulins manufactured by local developed process in Iran in pilot scale. IgG-rich fraction was obtained by two fractionation methods. Cryoprecipitate was separated from tested fresh frozen plasma in both methods. In method I, for the next steps, fraction I paste, fraction II+III paste, and at the end, the fraction II paste were precipitated. In method II, the fraction I+II+III paste was simultaneously precipitated followed by deriving the fraction II paste. The paste obtained by both methods was separately subjected to the purification processes using anion and cation exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration and activity level of Prekallikrein in addition to anti-complement activity were compared with other laboratory evaluations. No difference was illustrated between protein and albumin content, pH, and conductivity of the two products. The fraction II paste obtained from both methods, was measured and compared with each other. The IgG yield compared to the primary plasma was calculated as 4.6 and 4.3 g for the aforementioned methods respectively. The absence of impurities was determined by a strong IgG bond in electrophoresis while by HPLC, the dimer/ monomer content was measured more than 99% and the polymer/ aggregate was less than 1%. The amount of prekallikrein and total anti-coagulant activity met the European Pharmacopoeia requirements for both methods.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68026028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.99222.1507
Shiva Roshankhah, Babak Arji Roudsari, C. Jalili, M. Salahshoor
Background: Falcaria vulgaris (F. vulgaris) is a vegetable that contains antioxidant ingredients. Nicotine is the most important alkaloid compound in tobacco and is a major risk factor in the development of functional disorder of several organ systems. Methods: In this study, 48 male rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups: Normal control (saline) group, nicotine control group (0.5 mg/kg), F. vulgaris groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg), and nicotine + F. vulgaris groups (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally daily for 28 days. FRAP method was applied to determine the total antioxidant capacity. The number of dendritic spines was investigated by Golgi staining technique. Cresyl violet staining method was used to determine the number of neurons in hippocampal region CA1. Also, Griess technique was used to determine serum nitrite oxide level. Results: Nicotine administration increased significantly nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity and a decreased number of neuronal dendritic spines and neurons compared to the normal control group (P < 0.05). In the F. vulgaris and nicotine + F. vulgaris groups, in all dosages, the number of neurons and neuronal dendritic spines increased significantly while nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity decreased compared to the nicotine control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that F. vulgaris administration improves hippocampal region CA1 injury in rates because of nicotine.
{"title":"Role of Falcaria vulgaris on nicotine toxicity in rat hippocampus","authors":"Shiva Roshankhah, Babak Arji Roudsari, C. Jalili, M. Salahshoor","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.99222.1507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.99222.1507","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Falcaria vulgaris (F. vulgaris) is a vegetable that contains antioxidant ingredients. Nicotine is the most important alkaloid compound in tobacco and is a major risk factor in the development of functional disorder of several organ systems. Methods: In this study, 48 male rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups: Normal control (saline) group, nicotine control group (0.5 mg/kg), F. vulgaris groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg), and nicotine + F. vulgaris groups (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally daily for 28 days. FRAP method was applied to determine the total antioxidant capacity. The number of dendritic spines was investigated by Golgi staining technique. Cresyl violet staining method was used to determine the number of neurons in hippocampal region CA1. Also, Griess technique was used to determine serum nitrite oxide level. Results: Nicotine administration increased significantly nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity and a decreased number of neuronal dendritic spines and neurons compared to the normal control group (P < 0.05). In the F. vulgaris and nicotine + F. vulgaris groups, in all dosages, the number of neurons and neuronal dendritic spines increased significantly while nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity decreased compared to the nicotine control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that F. vulgaris administration improves hippocampal region CA1 injury in rates because of nicotine.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48712595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2020.44033
D. P. Chuvashova, A. N. Anisimov, S. Garmonov, S. N. Egorova
Rabeprazole sodium is a new stable pharmaceutical composition developed by us in tablet form, consisting of rabeprazole sodium as active ingredient, excipients, a separating layer and enteric coating. The manufacturing method involves pressing with preliminary wet granulation. In this work, a method was developed for the quantitative determination of rabeprazole sodium in tablets with simultaneous determination of impurities, using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Chromatographic conditions were established for the separation of rabeprazole and impurities on С18 sorbent, using mobile phase: 0.05 % К2НР04, 0.27 % КН2Р04 with pH 6.8; and acetonitrile in ratio of 70:30 (v/v), using isocratic elution mode. Furthermore, a method was developed for the spectrophotometric determination of rabeprazole sodium and the conditions of its release during dissolution test were optimized. The feasibility of the developed techniques for the analysis of enteric coated rabeprazole tablets was evaluated with the following parameters: specificity, accuracy, stability of solutions, linearity, convergence, and reproducibility. The techniques were confirmed suitable for the determination of impurities in the drug and for its quantitative analysis.
{"title":"Quality Control and Standardization of Rabeprazole Tablets","authors":"D. P. Chuvashova, A. N. Anisimov, S. Garmonov, S. N. Egorova","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2020.44033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2020.44033","url":null,"abstract":"Rabeprazole sodium is a new stable pharmaceutical composition developed by us in tablet form, consisting of rabeprazole sodium as active ingredient, excipients, a separating layer and enteric coating. The manufacturing method involves pressing with preliminary wet granulation. In this work, a method was developed for the quantitative determination of rabeprazole sodium in tablets with simultaneous determination of impurities, using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Chromatographic conditions were established for the separation of rabeprazole and impurities on С18 sorbent, using mobile phase: 0.05 % К2НР04, 0.27 % КН2Р04 with pH 6.8; and acetonitrile in ratio of 70:30 (v/v), using isocratic elution mode. Furthermore, a method was developed for the spectrophotometric determination of rabeprazole sodium and the conditions of its release during dissolution test were optimized. The feasibility of the developed techniques for the analysis of enteric coated rabeprazole tablets was evaluated with the following parameters: specificity, accuracy, stability of solutions, linearity, convergence, and reproducibility. The techniques were confirmed suitable for the determination of impurities in the drug and for its quantitative analysis.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"69-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42347201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2020.110145.1577
B. Muchtaromah, F. Mutmainah, B. Prahardika, Mujahidin Ahmad
Temu mangga (Curcuma mangga Val.) has been widely used to overcome health problems in Indonesia, one of them as the ingredient of Madurese herbal medicine. The active compounds contained in C. mangga extract have potential as a medicine to improve female fertility. This study aims to determine the content of phytochemicals and antifungal and antioxidant activity of C. mangga rhizome extract in some solvents based on their polarity.C. mangga rhizome was extracted by a maceration method using ethanol (polar), chloroform (semi-polar), and n-hexane (non-polar) solvents. Standard phytochemical methods were used for a preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant extracts. Antioxidant activity test was conducted using DPPH method with extract concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm. The antifungal activity test against Candida albicans used the Kirby Bauer method with a 100% concentration and microdilution method with percent concentrations of 50, 25,12.5, 6.25, 3.13, 1.56, 0.78, and 0.39.Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol and n-hexane extracts showed the presence of alkaloids and triterpenoids, while chloroform extracts revealed the present of triterpenoid only. The antioxidant activity test of ethanol extract, chloroform, and n-hexane yielded IC50 values of 99.33 ppm (active), 119.3 ppm (medium), and 192.1 ppm (medium) and the inhibitory zones of C. albicans fungi were 5.172 mm, 1.780 mm, and 3.343 mm, respectively. MIC values of all extracts studied were found at 0.78% concentration and MFC values at 1.56%.Rhizome of C. mangga extracts contain flavonoid, alkaloids, and triterpenoids that have antioxidant properties and antifungal activities against C. albicans. Ethanol is the most promising solvent for extracting the active compound of C. mangga rhizome, which functions as an antioxidant and antifungal, proven to produce a higher antioxidant and antifungal activity than chloroform and n-hexane.
{"title":"Quality Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Temumangga (Curcuma mangga Val.) Extract in Some Solvents","authors":"B. Muchtaromah, F. Mutmainah, B. Prahardika, Mujahidin Ahmad","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2020.110145.1577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2020.110145.1577","url":null,"abstract":"Temu mangga (Curcuma mangga Val.) has been widely used to overcome health problems in Indonesia, one of them as the ingredient of Madurese herbal medicine. The active compounds contained in C. mangga extract have potential as a medicine to improve female fertility. This study aims to determine the content of phytochemicals and antifungal and antioxidant activity of C. mangga rhizome extract in some solvents based on their polarity.C. mangga rhizome was extracted by a maceration method using ethanol (polar), chloroform (semi-polar), and n-hexane (non-polar) solvents. Standard phytochemical methods were used for a preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant extracts. Antioxidant activity test was conducted using DPPH method with extract concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm. The antifungal activity test against Candida albicans used the Kirby Bauer method with a 100% concentration and microdilution method with percent concentrations of 50, 25,12.5, 6.25, 3.13, 1.56, 0.78, and 0.39.Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol and n-hexane extracts showed the presence of alkaloids and triterpenoids, while chloroform extracts revealed the present of triterpenoid only. The antioxidant activity test of ethanol extract, chloroform, and n-hexane yielded IC50 values of 99.33 ppm (active), 119.3 ppm (medium), and 192.1 ppm (medium) and the inhibitory zones of C. albicans fungi were 5.172 mm, 1.780 mm, and 3.343 mm, respectively. MIC values of all extracts studied were found at 0.78% concentration and MFC values at 1.56%.Rhizome of C. mangga extracts contain flavonoid, alkaloids, and triterpenoids that have antioxidant properties and antifungal activities against C. albicans. Ethanol is the most promising solvent for extracting the active compound of C. mangga rhizome, which functions as an antioxidant and antifungal, proven to produce a higher antioxidant and antifungal activity than chloroform and n-hexane.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48290759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.99328.1508
F. Prihapsara, A. N. Artanti, M. Harini, T. Widiyani, Syahnidar Zuhra Nazilla, Rengganis Widoninggar
Insulin resistance is caused by the inability of target tissues to respond to insulin. Bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight) extract has been used for the treatment of insulin-resistant type-2 diabetes mellitus (IRDM), but it has low solubility and bioavailability. To overcome these problems, chloroform extract of bay leaves was formulated into a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) using virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a carrier oil. This study aims to produce a micro-herbal medicine and to determine the effect of a micro-herbal preparation derived from bay leaves as an anti-IRDM agent. Homogeneous formulations were evaluated for extract loading, emulsification time, size, size distribution, and the polydispersion index of the droplet nanoemulsion, and their anti-IRDM activitieswereinvestigated on insulin-resistant rats using extracts, SMEDDS, metformin, negative control, and normal groups. Each group consisted of three randomly selected male Wistar rats. Blood cholesterol levels were checked at 0, 80, and 95days and analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that the optimum SMEDDS formula was tween 80:PEG 400:virgin coconut oil (48%:32%:20%) in a total volume of 5 mL. It has an emulsification time ofless than 1 minute with an average of droplet size of 141.4µm and a polydispersion index value of 0.254. Morphological observation showed that the microemulsion particles were spherical and stable in varied pH media. The hypoglycemic effects of single- dose metformin, SMEDDS, and the combination of ahalf dose of SMEEDS with metformin were 28.3%, 15.6%, and 34.6%, respectively.
{"title":"Anti-Diabetic Activity of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems from Bay Leaves (Eugenia polyantha Wight) with Virgin Coconut Oil as A Carrier","authors":"F. Prihapsara, A. N. Artanti, M. Harini, T. Widiyani, Syahnidar Zuhra Nazilla, Rengganis Widoninggar","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.99328.1508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.99328.1508","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin resistance is caused by the inability of target tissues to respond to insulin. Bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight) extract has been used for the treatment of insulin-resistant type-2 diabetes mellitus (IRDM), but it has low solubility and bioavailability. To overcome these problems, chloroform extract of bay leaves was formulated into a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) using virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a carrier oil. This study aims to produce a micro-herbal medicine and to determine the effect of a micro-herbal preparation derived from bay leaves as an anti-IRDM agent. Homogeneous formulations were evaluated for extract loading, emulsification time, size, size distribution, and the polydispersion index of the droplet nanoemulsion, and their anti-IRDM activitieswereinvestigated on insulin-resistant rats using extracts, SMEDDS, metformin, negative control, and normal groups. Each group consisted of three randomly selected male Wistar rats. Blood cholesterol levels were checked at 0, 80, and 95days and analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that the optimum SMEDDS formula was tween 80:PEG 400:virgin coconut oil (48%:32%:20%) in a total volume of 5 mL. It has an emulsification time ofless than 1 minute with an average of droplet size of 141.4µm and a polydispersion index value of 0.254. Morphological observation showed that the microemulsion particles were spherical and stable in varied pH media. The hypoglycemic effects of single- dose metformin, SMEDDS, and the combination of ahalf dose of SMEEDS with metformin were 28.3%, 15.6%, and 34.6%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"45-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41500156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.106335.1548
M. Abbasinazari, N. Bayati, A. Sharifian, G. Afzal, A. Safaei, Z. Sahraei
Tenofovir is an antiviral agent prescribed for patients suffering from hepatitis B. It is associated with some side effects such as reduction in the level of patients’ adherence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist consultation on patients’ adherence to the use of Tenofovir. In this prospective study, a total of 80 patients were enrolled into the study and were divided into two groups. Patients in group one, received their medication in a routine clinic manner, while patients in the second group, by clinical pharmacist intervention, received Tenofovir along with verbal and written tips about the drug dosage, side effects, drug interactions, food-drug interactions and administration. Finally, patients’ adherence to their medication was evaluated using a standard scale. Also, adverse drug reaction (ADR) occurrence and some laboratory parameters were recorded for further analysis. The patients' adherences to their medication was higher in case group than the control group in first three month of follow up. Moreover, lower ADRs were observed in patients who received clinical pharmacist consultation. It can be concluded that consultation provided by clinical pharmacist can lead to better adherence to Tenofovir usage, better therapeutic response and better tolerance of side effects.
{"title":"Patients' Adherence to Tenofovir for the Treatment of Hepatitis B: The Role of Clinical Pharmacists","authors":"M. Abbasinazari, N. Bayati, A. Sharifian, G. Afzal, A. Safaei, Z. Sahraei","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.106335.1548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.106335.1548","url":null,"abstract":"Tenofovir is an antiviral agent prescribed for patients suffering from hepatitis B. It is associated with some side effects such as reduction in the level of patients’ adherence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist consultation on patients’ adherence to the use of Tenofovir. In this prospective study, a total of 80 patients were enrolled into the study and were divided into two groups. Patients in group one, received their medication in a routine clinic manner, while patients in the second group, by clinical pharmacist intervention, received Tenofovir along with verbal and written tips about the drug dosage, side effects, drug interactions, food-drug interactions and administration. Finally, patients’ adherence to their medication was evaluated using a standard scale. Also, adverse drug reaction (ADR) occurrence and some laboratory parameters were recorded for further analysis. The patients' adherences to their medication was higher in case group than the control group in first three month of follow up. Moreover, lower ADRs were observed in patients who received clinical pharmacist consultation. It can be concluded that consultation provided by clinical pharmacist can lead to better adherence to Tenofovir usage, better therapeutic response and better tolerance of side effects.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46560945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2020.44027
Golrokh Farnam, Narges Aryanpour, R. Behtaj, F. Shirazi
Mentha pulegium L. is one of the Mentha (Labiatae) species that is grown in many different parts of the earth including northern Iran. The total ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of this plant is used in this work to investigate on the possible cytotoxicity on two different cell lines. Human lung carcinoma cells (A549) and human breast cancer (MCF7), have been used to show the clonogenic count of cells, as well as their cell cycle phases progression pattern after the exposure to the different concentrations of this extract. The cytotoxicity of the total extract of Mentha pulegium L. is 59 ± 1.73 µg/ml for the MCF7, and 48.86 ± 2.5 µg/ml for the A549 cell lines, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis have shown two different adventures for these cell lines after 24 hours exposure to this extract. While the MCF7 cells presented a dose-dependent arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, the A549 cells are more intended to accumulate in the so-called G0 resting phase after the exposure to this extract. These promising initial results might bring hope for the introduction of a tissue discriminating anticancer agent in future.
{"title":"Cytotoxic and Cell progression effects of Mentha pulegium L extract on selected cancer cell lines","authors":"Golrokh Farnam, Narges Aryanpour, R. Behtaj, F. Shirazi","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2020.44027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2020.44027","url":null,"abstract":"Mentha pulegium L. is one of the Mentha (Labiatae) species that is grown in many different parts of the earth including northern Iran. The total ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of this plant is used in this work to investigate on the possible cytotoxicity on two different cell lines. Human lung carcinoma cells (A549) and human breast cancer (MCF7), have been used to show the clonogenic count of cells, as well as their cell cycle phases progression pattern after the exposure to the different concentrations of this extract. The cytotoxicity of the total extract of Mentha pulegium L. is 59 ± 1.73 µg/ml for the MCF7, and 48.86 ± 2.5 µg/ml for the A549 cell lines, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis have shown two different adventures for these cell lines after 24 hours exposure to this extract. While the MCF7 cells presented a dose-dependent arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, the A549 cells are more intended to accumulate in the so-called G0 resting phase after the exposure to this extract. These promising initial results might bring hope for the introduction of a tissue discriminating anticancer agent in future.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48209253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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