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Inhibition of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication by Hydro-alcoholic and Aqueous-Acetic Acid Extracts of Alhagi maurorum 毛藻水醇和水乙酸提取物对口蹄疫病毒复制的抑制作用
Q4 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.32052
Y. Shakiba, S. E. Rezatofighi, S. M. Seyyednejad, M. Ardakani
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a major infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals that is caused by the FMD virus (FMDV). This disease has significantly adverse economic impacts; therefore, rapid control measures are urgently. Traditional ranchers in Iran use Alhagi maurorum Medik. to treat FMD; therefore, we aimed to examine the antiviral activity of methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous-acetic acid extracts of this plant against FMDV. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was assayed by the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) method and the antiviral activity of the extracts was evaluated by measuring the percentage of viable FMDV infected-cells via the MTT assay at different stages of the virus replication cycle. The results indicated that the plant extracts exhibit antiviral activity against FMDV at all stages of the experiment, although the most significant effects were observed in virucidal and pre-treatment assays. These findings represent the anti-FMDV activities of A. maurorum extracts at several stages of the virus replication cycle; therefore, it could be considered for the potential development of anti-FMDV therapeutics. This creates the basis for further analyses of the molecular mechanisms of the antiviral activity of this herbal plant.
口蹄疫(FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)引起的偶蹄动物主要传染病。这种疾病具有显著的不利经济影响;因此,迅速采取控制措施迫在眉睫。伊朗的传统牧场主使用Alhagi maurorum Medik。治疗口蹄疫;因此,我们旨在研究该植物的甲醇、乙醇和水乙酸提取物对FMDV的抗病毒活性。采用MTT(3-[4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基]-2,5-二苯基溴化四氮唑)法检测提取物的细胞毒性,并通过MTT法测定病毒复制周期不同阶段感染FMDV的活细胞百分比来评估提取物的抗病毒活性。结果表明,植物提取物在实验的所有阶段都表现出抗病毒活性,尽管在病毒杀菌和预处理实验中观察到最显著的效果。这些发现反映了毛蕊草提取物在病毒复制周期的几个阶段的抗口蹄疫活性;因此,可以考虑开发抗fmdv治疗方法。这为进一步分析该植物抗病毒活性的分子机制奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 3
Green synthesis and evaluation of 5-(4-aminophenyl)-4-aryl-4H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives 5-(4-氨基苯基)-4-芳基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫醇衍生物的绿色合成与评价
Q4 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.22034/ijps.2017.31131
V. Rajurkar, Sagar M. Shirsath
The green synthesis of 5-(4-aminophenyl)-4-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol was achieved in four steps, In first step, 4-amino benzoic acid refluxed in ethanol along with catalyst Conc. Sulphuric acid to produce ethyl-4-amino benzoate I. Further compound I refluxed with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol to produce 4-amino benzohydrazide II. Compound II refluxed in ethanolic potassium hydroxide with carbon disulfide to produce 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol III. Compound III refluxed in ethanol with different substituted primary aryl amine gave title compounds 5-(4-aminophenyl)-4-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol IVa-o. The compounds obtained were identified by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GC- mass spectroscopy data, and elemental analysis and also screened for in-vivo antimicrobial activity. In vitro antibacterial activity was carried out against organisms like E.coli. K.pneumonia, S.aureus, and B.subtilis as well as in vitro antifungal activity were carried out against organisms like A.niger and S.cerevisiae. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation, the most potent broad spectrum compound IVc, IVd and IVf were found significant agent against standard drug Norfloxacin and Ketoconazole.
通过四步反应合成了5-(4-氨基苯基)-4-芳基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫醇。硫酸制备4-氨基苯甲酸乙酯I。进一步的化合物I与水合肼在乙醇中回流制备4-氨苯甲酰肼II。化合物II在具有二硫化碳的乙醇氢氧化钾中回流以产生5-(4-氨基苯基)-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-硫醇III。化合物III在具有不同取代的伯芳基胺的乙醇中回流以得到标题化合物5-(4-氨苯基)-4-芳基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫醇IVa-o。通过FT-IR、1H-NMR、GC-质谱数据和元素分析对所获得的化合物进行了鉴定,并对其体内抗菌活性进行了筛选。对E.coli、K.pneumonia、S.aureus和B.subtilis等生物进行了体外抗菌活性测定,对A.niger和S.cerevisiae等生物也进行了体外抗真菌活性测定。
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引用次数: 2
The antioxidant effect of Sidr (Zizyphusspina-christi) leaf extract helping to improve thescopolamine induced memory impairment in male rats 西柏叶提取物对改善东莨菪碱诱导的雄性大鼠记忆损伤的抗氧化作用
Q4 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2017.31129
Mostafa Notarki, M. Setorki, Z. Hooshmandi
Medicinal plants have attracted global attention due to their high levels of antioxidant components for prohibiting or improving various diseases including brain and memory disorders. This study was designed to investigate if the antioxidant effect of Sidr (Zizyphusspina-christi) extract can help to improve the scopolamine induced impairment of memory in Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups: Control, Scopolamine at 1 mg/kg, Scopolamine+50 mg/kg Sidr extract (Zsc50+sco), Scopolamine+100 mg/kg Sidr extract (Zsc100+sco), Scopolamine+200 mg/kg Sidr extract (Zsc200+sco) and Scopolamine+diazepam at 1 mg/kgbw (D+sco). Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Z. spina-christi as well as the Passive avoidance test, antioxidant capacity and MDA level of plasma and brain were evaluated.Scopolamine increased the recorded initial latencies but decrease the step-through latency in comparison with those of control group. The use of Sidr at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg attenuate these abnormalities and the impaired passive avoidance memory was improved. Although scopolamine didn’t cause any change in the antioxidant capacity plasma and brain, it increased the MDA level of plasma and brain tissues. Also use of Sidr increased the antioxidant capacity and decreased the MDA level of plasma and brain tissues.The results suggest that Z. SC might act to attenuate scopolamine induced brain and memory impairments due to its high antioxidant contents. The separation of the specific compound responsible for observed antioxidant activity with protective effect against brain and memory disorders still need further researches.
药用植物因其富含抗氧化成分,可预防或改善多种疾病,包括大脑和记忆障碍,而受到全球的关注。本研究旨在探讨茜草提取物对东莨菪碱致Wistar大鼠记忆损伤的抗氧化作用。实验动物随机分为6组:对照组、东莨菪碱1 mg/kg、东莨菪碱+50 mg/kg Sidr提取物(Zsc50+sco)、东莨菪碱+100 mg/kg Sidr提取物(Zsc100+sco)、东莨菪碱+200 mg/kg Sidr提取物(Zsc200+sco)和东莨菪碱+地西泮1 mg/kgbw (D+sco)。采用抗氧化活性、总酚含量、被动回避试验、抗氧化能力、血浆和脑组织MDA水平进行测定。与对照组相比,东莨菪碱增加了记录的初始潜伏期,但减少了步进潜伏期。50mg /kg、100mg /kg和200mg /kg剂量的Sidr可减弱这些异常,并改善受损的被动回避记忆。东莨菪碱对大鼠血浆和脑组织抗氧化能力无明显影响,但使血浆和脑组织MDA水平升高。同时,Sidr的使用增加了抗氧化能力,降低了血浆和脑组织的MDA水平。结果表明,黄芪多糖具有抗氧化作用,可减轻东莨菪碱引起的脑和记忆损伤。所观察到的对大脑和记忆障碍具有保护作用的抗氧化活性的特定化合物的分离仍需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 2
Toxicity of atorvastatin on isolated brain mitochondria 阿托伐他汀对离体脑线粒体的毒性
Q4 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.22034/ijps.2017.31107
S. Nasoohi, P. Naserzadeh, Nafiseh Rahmanabadi, Banafsheh Saiid, Jalal Pourahmad Jaktaji
Background: Although the bio kinetics, metabolism and chemical toxicity of Atorvastatin are well known, until recently little attention was paid to the potential neurotoxic effect of Atorvastatin (Atv). Regarding the concrete evidences indicating Atv may reduce Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels through blockage of  metalonate cycle, the present work aims to determine if Atorvastatin may provide toxic effects on brain mitochondria and whether its supplementation with two lipidicantioxidants, CoQ10 and Vit E may improve such outcomes. Methods: to evaluate mitochondrial toxicity, male NMRI mice were first treated with Atorvastatin(bo; 20 and 60 mg/kg) every other day with or without supplementation with CoQ10 (200 mg/kg) or Vit E (40 u/kg). After a period of 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized and brain cortices were harvested ad subjected to mitochondria isolation procedure. ROS release, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome c release were performed to precisely address the probable mitochondrial injury. Findings: Our data showed increased ROS formation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release in Atorvastatin treated mice, suggesting that mitochondrial ROS formation and apoptosis signaling are likely involved in Atorvastatin neurotoxicity. Importantly according to the data from animals receiving either CoQ10 or Vit E, supplementation with these lipophilic antioxidants, remarkable reverted the corresponding Atorvastatin mitochondrial toxicity markers. Concusion: Conclusively the present work addresses chronic Atorvastatin toxic effects on brain mitochondria and supports advantages of Vit E or CoQ10 supplementation. Whether such neurotoxic effect is correlated with CoQ10 depletion or if the improving effects of the due supplementation contribute toAtorvastatin receiving patients, needs more investigations.
背景:尽管阿托伐他汀的生物动力学、代谢和化学毒性是众所周知的,但直到最近,人们很少关注阿托伐抑制素(Atv)的潜在神经毒性作用。关于Atv可能通过阻断金属酸盐循环降低辅酶Q10(CoQ10)水平的具体证据,本工作旨在确定阿托伐他汀是否可能对脑线粒体产生毒性作用,以及其补充两种脂质二氧化剂CoQ10和Vit E是否可以改善这种结果。方法:为了评估线粒体毒性,雄性NMRI小鼠首先每隔一天服用阿托伐他汀(bo;20和60 mg/kg),并补充或不补充CoQ10(200 mg/kg)或Vit E(40 u/kg)。4周后,对动物实施安乐死,收获大脑皮层并进行线粒体分离程序。进行ROS释放、线粒体膜电位(MMP)和细胞色素c释放以精确解决可能的线粒体损伤。研究结果:我们的数据显示,在阿托伐他汀治疗的小鼠中,ROS形成、MMP崩溃、线粒体肿胀和细胞色素c释放增加,这表明线粒体ROS形成和细胞凋亡信号可能与阿托伐抑制素的神经毒性有关。重要的是,根据接受辅酶Q10或维生素E的动物的数据,补充这些亲脂性抗氧化剂,显著恢复了相应的阿托伐他汀线粒体毒性标志物。结论:总之,目前的工作解决了阿托伐他汀对脑线粒体的慢性毒性作用,并支持补充维生素E或辅酶Q10的优势。这种神经毒性作用是否与辅酶Q10耗竭有关,或者适当补充的改善作用是否有助于接受阿托伐他汀治疗的患者,还需要更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-melanogenic activity of different extracts from aerial parts of Nepeta glomeruloasin on murine melanoma B16F10 cells Nepeta glomeruloasin地上部分不同提取物对小鼠黑色素瘤B16F10细胞的抗黑素活性
Q4 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2017.31146
S. Emami, Rezvan Yazdian, A. Arab, M. Sadeghi, Z. Tayarani‐Najaran
Nepeta glomerulosa Boiss. is a medicinal plant has been used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-melanogenesis inhibitory activity of MeOH, n-hexane, ethyl Acetate (EtAc), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), n-butanol (BuOH) and H2O extracts isolated from N. glomerulosa in B16 melanoma cell line. The B16F10 cell line viability after treatment with increasing concentrations of different extracts of the plant (50-200 µg/ml) was measured by using MTT, the inhibitory effect on synthesis of melanin, mushroom tyrosinase activity, cellular tyrosinase and effect on oxidative stress was determined by the colorimetric and fluorometric method. The data showed that at concentrations our results showed the melanogenesis inhibitory and antioxidant effects of N. glomerulosa on B16F10 cells may recommend a novel agent in diminishing skin pigmentation and skin aging in cosmetic industry.
Nepeta glomerullosa Boiss。是一种药用植物,一直被用于传统医学。本研究旨在评价从肾小球N. glomerulosa中分离的MeOH、正己烷、乙酸乙酯(EtAc)、二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)、正丁醇(BuOH)和H2O提取物对B16黑色素瘤细胞系的抗黑素生成的抑制作用。采用MTT法测定不同提取物浓度(50 ~ 200µg/ml)处理后B16F10细胞株的活力,采用比色法和荧光法测定其对黑色素合成、蘑菇酪氨酸酶活性、细胞酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用以及对氧化应激的影响。研究结果表明,在一定浓度下,肾小球乳杆菌对B16F10细胞的黑色素生成具有抑制和抗氧化作用,这可能为化妆品行业减少皮肤色素沉着和皮肤衰老提供一种新的药物。
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引用次数: 3
Comparison between Alpha and Calendula for healing of third-degree burn in rats Alpha和金盏花对大鼠三度烧伤愈合的比较
Q4 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2017.31144
N. Tanideh, M. Yavari, A. Seddighi, O. K. Hosseinabadi, M. Farshad, M. Mokhtari, B. Yeganeh, A. Jamshidzadeh, Sajad Daneshi, Behrouz Nikahval
In this study, we compared the effects of Calendula and Alpha ointment in the treatment of burn wounds and compare its results with silver sulfadiazine (SSD). Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, and similar burn ulcers were produced on anterior surface of thigh of rats. The first group of rats no treatment was applied, base gel was applied topically to group II, in groups III-V, Alpha, SSD and Calendula preparations were applied, respectively. Wound healing, contraction and histopathological evaluation were evaluated at the end of 7, 14, and 21 days. Alpha ointment was equally effective as Calendula gel, and had better efficacy compared to SSD for all markers of wound healing at days of 7, 14 and 21. Alpha and Calendula preparations are less expensive drugs and significantly improve the quality of wound healing and scar formation and are more appropriate treatment choices than SSD. Therefore, we recommend them as alternative to SSD, especially in patients with low economical backgrounds or in those who show adverse reactions to SSD.
在这项研究中,我们比较了金盏菊和α软膏治疗烧伤创面的效果,并将其与磺胺嘧啶银(SSD)的效果进行了比较。将75只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠分为5组,大鼠大腿前表面均出现类似的烧伤溃疡。第一组大鼠不给药,II组局部给底凝胶,III-V组分别给α、SSD和金盏菊制剂。分别于第7、14、21天末观察创面愈合、收缩及组织病理学评价。α软膏与金盏菊凝胶同样有效,在第7、14和21天的所有伤口愈合指标上,α软膏的疗效优于SSD。α和金盏菊制剂是较便宜的药物,可显著改善伤口愈合和瘢痕形成的质量,是比SSD更合适的治疗选择。因此,我们建议将其作为SSD的替代方案,特别是那些经济背景较低或对SSD有不良反应的患者。
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引用次数: 0
Reporting the Effect of Cell Seeding Density on Growth Pattern of Cancer Cell Lines 报道细胞接种密度对癌症细胞系生长模式的影响
Q4 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.22034/ijps.2017.31154
M. Nakhjavani, F. Shirazi
In vitro studies on cancer cell lines still constitutes a major part of cancer research. It is very important that the researchers consider the importance of basic conditions of working with different cell lines. To the best of authors knowledge, this study is the first one to report the effect of seeding density on the growth curve of three human cancer cell lines. These cell lines include human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line, human ovary carcinoma A2780 cell line and human melanoma A375 cell line. The cell lines were seeded at 4 different seeding densities: 4000, 5000, 15000 and 50000 cells/cm2 of culture surface. Following seeding the cells and on daily basis, cell count was done with trypan blue assay. The experiment was done in triplicate. The growth curves of the cells were constructed using Microsoft Excel and population doubling time (PDT), lag time (LT) and saturation density (SD) were calculated. The results showed that the seeding density affects the general pattern of the growth curve. At lower seeding densities, the growth curves have a more expected pattern rather than in higher seeding densities. Also, seeding density does not affect the LT, while it has some effects on SD and PDT.
癌细胞系的体外研究仍然是癌症研究的重要组成部分。研究人员考虑到处理不同细胞系的基本条件的重要性是非常重要的。据作者所知,本研究首次报道了播种密度对三种人类癌细胞系生长曲线的影响。这些细胞系包括人乳腺腺癌MCF-7细胞系、人卵巢癌A2780细胞系和人黑色素瘤A375细胞系。以4000、5000、15000、50000个细胞/cm2 4种不同的播种密度播种。细胞播种后,每天用台盼蓝法计数。这个实验做了三个重复。利用microsoftexcel构建细胞生长曲线,计算群体倍增时间(PDT)、滞后时间(LT)和饱和密度(SD)。结果表明,播种密度对生长曲线的总体格局有影响。在较低的播种密度下,生长曲线比在较高的播种密度下具有更预期的模式。此外,播种密度对土壤的低温无显著影响,但对土壤的干燥度和干燥度有一定影响。
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引用次数: 2
Troxerutin, a bioflavonoid, improves oxidative stress in blood of streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetic rats 曲克芦丁是一种生物类黄酮,可改善链脲佐菌素诱导的1型糖尿病大鼠血液中的氧化应激
Q4 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2017.31148
R. Badalzadeh, L. Chodari, V. Ghorbanzadeh
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin due to destruction of the beta cells. There is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in the development of diabetic complications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of troxerutin administration on oxidative stress markers in blood of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups as: control (con), control-troxerutin (CON-TRX), diabetes (Dia), diabetic-troxerutin (DIA-TRX). Type 1 diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (i.p, 55mg/kg) and lasted for 10 weeks. Animals were received oral administration of troxerutin (150 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. At the end of study, malondialdehyde (MDA, the main product of lipid peroxidation), activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) were measured spectrophotometrically. Induction of diabetes with STZ resulted in increased MDA levels and decreased blood antioxidant capacity as compared with those of controls (P<0.05). Pre-treatment of diabetic rats with troxerutin significantly decreased the levels of MDA (P<0.01) and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and CAT compared to untreated-diabetic groups. Troxerutin had no significant influence on non-diabetic rats. These findings showed that troxerutin may prevent oxidative complications of diabetic circumstances by elevating antioxidant enzymes activities and reducing lipid peroxidation.
1型糖尿病是一种慢性疾病,其特征是由于β细胞的破坏,身体无法产生胰岛素。越来越多的证据表明,活性氧(ROS)在糖尿病并发症的发展中起着重要作用。本研究的目的是研究曲克芦丁给药对STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠血液中氧化应激标志物的影响。雄性Wistar大鼠分为4组:对照组(con)、对照曲克芦丁(con-TRX)、糖尿病组(Dia)、糖尿病曲克芦丁组(Dia-TRX)。通过注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)(i.p,55mg/kg)诱导1型糖尿病,并持续10周。动物接受曲克芦丁(150mg/kg)的口服给药4周。研究结束时,用分光光度法测定了丙二醛(MDA,脂质过氧化的主要产物)、抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。与对照组相比,STZ诱导糖尿病导致MDA水平升高,血液抗氧化能力降低(P<0.05)。曲克芦丁预处理糖尿病大鼠与未处理糖尿病组相比,MDA水平显著降低(P<0.01),抗氧化酶SOD、GPX和CAT活性升高。曲克芦丁对非糖尿病大鼠无明显影响。这些发现表明曲克芦丁可以通过提高抗氧化酶活性和减少脂质过氧化来预防糖尿病的氧化并发症。
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引用次数: 3
The Effect of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Cream on Radiation-Induced Skin Reactions in Women with Breast Cancer; A Preliminary Clinical Trial 白桦乳膏对乳腺癌患者皮肤辐射反应的影响初步临床试验
Q4 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2017.31130
J. Salamzadeh, M. Kamalinejad, B. Mofid, S. Mortazavi, Alireza Sheikhlar, M. Babaeian
Radiotherapy, a highly effective way to destroy breast cancer, causes skin adverse effects. A considerable amount of studies have been conducted to find a way to alleviate or relieve dermal adverse effects of radiation. The aim of this study was to observe the clinical effect of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. cream to treat radiotherapy-induced skin destruction in breast cancer patients. thirty two patients suffering from different stages of radiotherapy-induced skin reactions were evaluated in a double-blind randomized study; 16 patients in the treatment group received Elaeagnus angustifolia cream, while the other 16 patients, served as control group. Two weeks after the treatment, patients in Elaeagnus angustifolia group showed significantly lower skin reaction grade compared with placebo group. The attitude of the patients of Elaeagnus angustifolia group about dryness, itching, pain, burning, blisters and sores was significantly improved after two weeks of treatment. Elaeagnus angustifolia cream may effectively reduce the radiotherapy-induced dermal injury.
放射治疗是消灭乳腺癌的一种非常有效的方法,但会对皮肤产生不良影响。已经进行了大量的研究,以找到一种方法来减轻或减轻辐射对皮肤的不良影响。本研究的目的是观察白桦乳膏治疗放疗性乳腺癌患者皮肤损伤的临床效果。在一项双盲随机研究中,对32例不同阶段的放疗引起的皮肤反应进行了评估;治疗组16例采用荷叶榆乳膏,对照组16例。治疗2周后,与安慰剂组相比,黄菖蒲组患者的皮肤反应等级明显降低。经2周治疗后,白茱萸组患者对皮肤干燥、瘙痒、疼痛、灼烧、水疱、溃疡的态度均有明显改善。刺叶参乳膏可有效减轻放射治疗引起的皮肤损伤。
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引用次数: 3
Factors influencing hematologists-oncologists’ prescription of chemotherapy drugs in cancer treatment in Iran: aninterview-questionnaire study 影响伊朗血液肿瘤学家在癌症治疗中使用化疗药物的因素:一项访谈问卷研究
Q4 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2017.26642
seyed Abolfazli Abolfazli, M. Mohammadzadeh, F. Peiravian, Hesam Sharifnia
Cancer can be treated by surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment dependson the type and stage of the cancer. Chemotherapy drugs play an important role in cancer treatment. The objective of this interview-questionnaire study is to explore what influences Iranian hematologists-oncologists’ prescription when prescribing chemotherapy drug. Data collection can be divided into two categories: the interview and the questionnaire. The qualitative part consists of depthinterviews, utilizing closed- and open-ended questions, were conducted with oncologists, selected through theoretical sampling. The interview questions consisted of two parts, in the first part; open-ended questions were posed about factors influencing prescription. In the second part, the oncologists were asked to rate predefined factors that might influence their prescription decisions. The quantitative part of the study consists of questionnaire included two parts; the first part consisted of general questions including gender, age, membership in scientific committees and professional background. The second part consisted of 24 specialized questions that covered all the indexes of the effective factors on oncologists ‘prescription decisions.Ten oncologists were interviewed. Factors affecting chemotherapy drug' prescription were grouped into three categories based on qualitative studies carried out and is presented as they were mentioned and rated by the hematologists-oncologists: 1) Products properties, 2) Pharmaceutical marketing, 3) Scientific, experimental confirmation. The findings from the questionnaire suggest products properties particularly (clinical effectiveness) is the most important factor considered in drug prescription choice.Also, the socialized medicine sponsorship and clinical trial respectively are the most effective on increasing the frequency of prescribing. Whilst, prescribing by brand name or higher prices for adrug are not necessarily justified. The results of this study provide new insights to the nature prescribing behavior driven to develop measures which could be used to achieve greater clinical effectiveness and economic efficiency from drug prescribing.
癌症可以通过手术、化疗、放射治疗、激素治疗和靶向治疗来治疗。治疗的选择取决于癌症的类型和阶段。化疗药物在癌症治疗中起着重要作用。本访谈问卷研究的目的是探讨伊朗血液学肿瘤学医师在开化疗药物处方时的影响因素。数据收集可以分为两类:访谈和问卷调查。定性部分包括深度访谈,利用封闭和开放式问题,与肿瘤学家进行,通过理论抽样选择。面试问题由两部分组成,第一部分;对影响处方的因素提出开放式问题。在第二部分,肿瘤学家被要求对可能影响他们处方决定的预先确定的因素进行评级。本研究的定量部分包括问卷调查两部分;第一部分是一般性问题,包括性别、年龄、科学委员会成员和专业背景。第二部分包括24个专业问题,涵盖了影响肿瘤科医生处方决策的所有有效因素指标。十位肿瘤学家接受了采访。影响化疗药物处方的因素根据所进行的定性研究和血液肿瘤学家所提到和评价的内容分为三类:1)产品特性,2)药物营销,3)科学的实验证实。问卷调查的结果表明,产品特性,特别是(临床有效性)是药物处方选择中最重要的考虑因素。同时,社会化用药赞助和临床试验对提高处方频次效果最好。然而,以品牌名称或更高的价格开处方并不一定是合理的。本研究的结果为处方行为的本质提供了新的见解,以推动制定可用于提高药物处方的临床效果和经济效益的措施。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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