Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.43106
P. Akhtar, Z. Yaakob, Yunus Ahmed, M. Shahinuzzaman, M. Contreras
Ficus carica is a worldwide important crop. Its different parts such as leaves, stem barks, fruit and roots are used in traditional medicine from ancient age to treat the various diseases. In this research, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, yield of extract and profiling of phenolic compounds of maturated leaves of different cultivars of F. carica were investigated by using two different extraction processes: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and maceration. The total phenolic content (TPC) was calculated by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, while DPPH and ABTS assays were used for analysed the antioxidant capacity. Additionally, liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) was used to study the individual phenolic compounds present in leaves. Using DPPH assay, the percentages of inhibition and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity were found to vary from 66.19 ± 1.01 to 87.06 ± 0.93 % and 53.67 ± 0.81 to 70.25 ± 0.74 mg TE/g DL, respectively, for extracts obtained by maceration. In the case of ultrasonication extraction, these values ranged from 72.84 ± 1.26 to 92.04 ± 1.24 % and 60.73 ± 0.92 to 74.19 ± 0.99 mg TE/g dry leaves (DL). While ABTS assay the latter parameters were found to vary from 96.61 ± 0.22 to 99.33 ± 0.23 % and 56.81 ± 0.12 to 58.32 ± 0.13 mg TE/g DL for maceration, as well as from 97.82 ± 0.23 to 99.79 ± 0.13 % and 57.48 ± 0.13 to 58.57 ± 0.07 mg TE/g DL for ultrasonication extraction. The total phenolic contents varied between 10.70 ± 0.20 to 21.18 ± 0.68 mg GAE/g DL, and 12.94 ± 0.23 to 23.04 ± 0.30 mg GAE/g DL, respectively for the latter extraction processes. The percentages of yields varied from 7.20 ± 0.20% to 13.05 ± 0.23% and 8.25 ± 0.25% to 15.20 ± 0.20 %, respectively, for maceration and ultrasonication extraction. In conclusion, extracts from leaves of F. carica obtained by UAE process showed the highest antioxidant activity, phenolic contents and extraction yields as compared to maceration process. In comparison amongst the leaves, the ‘Violette solise’ cultivar showed the highest antioxidant activity and contain highest phenolic contents. Finally, the extract of this cultivar contained phenolic acids (dihydroxybenzoic acid di-pentoside, caffeic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, coumaroylmalic acid, ferulic acid malate, and psoralic acid glucoside), C-glycosides flavones, rutin and prenylgenistein.
{"title":"Potential of Leaves of Eighteen Cultivars of Ficus carica as Antioxidants and Profiling of Phenolic Compounds as an Active Molecules","authors":"P. Akhtar, Z. Yaakob, Yunus Ahmed, M. Shahinuzzaman, M. Contreras","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.43106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.43106","url":null,"abstract":"Ficus carica is a worldwide important crop. Its different parts such as leaves, stem barks, fruit and roots are used in traditional medicine from ancient age to treat the various diseases. In this research, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, yield of extract and profiling of phenolic compounds of maturated leaves of different cultivars of F. carica were investigated by using two different extraction processes: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and maceration. The total phenolic content (TPC) was calculated by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, while DPPH and ABTS assays were used for analysed the antioxidant capacity. Additionally, liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) was used to study the individual phenolic compounds present in leaves. Using DPPH assay, the percentages of inhibition and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity were found to vary from 66.19 ± 1.01 to 87.06 ± 0.93 % and 53.67 ± 0.81 to 70.25 ± 0.74 mg TE/g DL, respectively, for extracts obtained by maceration. In the case of ultrasonication extraction, these values ranged from 72.84 ± 1.26 to 92.04 ± 1.24 % and 60.73 ± 0.92 to 74.19 ± 0.99 mg TE/g dry leaves (DL). While ABTS assay the latter parameters were found to vary from 96.61 ± 0.22 to 99.33 ± 0.23 % and 56.81 ± 0.12 to 58.32 ± 0.13 mg TE/g DL for maceration, as well as from 97.82 ± 0.23 to 99.79 ± 0.13 % and 57.48 ± 0.13 to 58.57 ± 0.07 mg TE/g DL for ultrasonication extraction. The total phenolic contents varied between 10.70 ± 0.20 to 21.18 ± 0.68 mg GAE/g DL, and 12.94 ± 0.23 to 23.04 ± 0.30 mg GAE/g DL, respectively for the latter extraction processes. The percentages of yields varied from 7.20 ± 0.20% to 13.05 ± 0.23% and 8.25 ± 0.25% to 15.20 ± 0.20 %, respectively, for maceration and ultrasonication extraction. In conclusion, extracts from leaves of F. carica obtained by UAE process showed the highest antioxidant activity, phenolic contents and extraction yields as compared to maceration process. In comparison amongst the leaves, the ‘Violette solise’ cultivar showed the highest antioxidant activity and contain highest phenolic contents. Finally, the extract of this cultivar contained phenolic acids (dihydroxybenzoic acid di-pentoside, caffeic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, coumaroylmalic acid, ferulic acid malate, and psoralic acid glucoside), C-glycosides flavones, rutin and prenylgenistein.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"41-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46673595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.84227.1423
Wen-Nee Tan, M. Khairuddean, K. Khaw, V. Murugaiyah, W. Tong, C. Leong, D. Ibrahim
Garcinia atroviridis (Clusiaceae) has been used as a postpartum medication agent in folkloric medicine. However, its biological potential has not been fully evaluated. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant efficacies, cholinesterase enzyme inhibitory and antimicrobial activity of the stem bark extracts of G. atroviridis. Successive extraction was done using solvents of varied polarity. The antimicrobial activity was performed using the disc diffusion method by determining the inhibition zone and further evaluated for their minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC). Anti-cholinesterase activity was determined by spectrophotometric method while antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging. The extracts showed significant inhibitory activity against food borne bacteria. However, only dichloromethane extract exhibited the anti-yeast potential against Candida utilis and none of the extracts tested showed anti-fungi activity. For cholinesterase enzyme inhibitory activity, ethyl acetate extract exhibited the strongest acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 5.46 ± 2.91 μg/mL while water extract showed the lowest IC50 values (29.31 μg/mL) against butyrlcholinesterase (BChE). For antioxidant activity, methanol extract showed moderate activity against DPPH radicals with EC50 value of 71.96 µg/mL. The dichloromethane extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity while ethyl acetate showed the strongest acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. The present study showed the significance of this commercial plant as the potential source of bioactive compounds.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Biological Evaluations of Garcinia atroviridis","authors":"Wen-Nee Tan, M. Khairuddean, K. Khaw, V. Murugaiyah, W. Tong, C. Leong, D. Ibrahim","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.84227.1423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.84227.1423","url":null,"abstract":"Garcinia atroviridis (Clusiaceae) has been used as a postpartum medication agent in folkloric medicine. However, its biological potential has not been fully evaluated. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant efficacies, cholinesterase enzyme inhibitory and antimicrobial activity of the stem bark extracts of G. atroviridis. Successive extraction was done using solvents of varied polarity. The antimicrobial activity was performed using the disc diffusion method by determining the inhibition zone and further evaluated for their minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC). Anti-cholinesterase activity was determined by spectrophotometric method while antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging. The extracts showed significant inhibitory activity against food borne bacteria. However, only dichloromethane extract exhibited the anti-yeast potential against Candida utilis and none of the extracts tested showed anti-fungi activity. For cholinesterase enzyme inhibitory activity, ethyl acetate extract exhibited the strongest acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 5.46 ± 2.91 μg/mL while water extract showed the lowest IC50 values (29.31 μg/mL) against butyrlcholinesterase (BChE). For antioxidant activity, methanol extract showed moderate activity against DPPH radicals with EC50 value of 71.96 µg/mL. The dichloromethane extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity while ethyl acetate showed the strongest acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. The present study showed the significance of this commercial plant as the potential source of bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"91-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45611591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.80927.1402
Mona Kargar, Rozita Motaghedi, Ava Mansouri, Molouk Hajibabaie, K. Heidari, A. Rashidian, S. Ansari, K. Gholami
Detection and management of cancer-related symptoms is a key component in children’s quality of life. We evaluate symptoms and their severity in Iranian pediatric oncology outpatients using Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist for Children (TRSC-C). This was a cross-sectional study conducted in two outpatient pediatric oncology settings. We included all patients aged between 5-17 years. The validated and reliable Persian translated version of TRSC-C was used to study the symptoms. Overall 1425 symptoms were documented from 162 patients (mean age 8.6 ±3.2, acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 76.5%). In 96.3% of patients at least one symptom was present. Twenty (12.34%) patients experienced at least 15 events. Irritable, loss of appetite, cough, pain and hair loss were the top 5 frequent symptoms. The highest mean severity scores were also belonged to irritable, loss of appetite, and hair loss. We found no significant difference between gender, age group or time of the last chemotherapy with mean total severity scores or total number of symptoms (P>0.05). In conclusion, TRSC-C is an appropriate symptom assessment checklist for our settings and it would give us the ability to track symptoms and designate clinical interventions based on the frequent and severe identified symptoms.
{"title":"Symptom Evaluation in Pediatric Oncology Outpatient Setting; A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Mona Kargar, Rozita Motaghedi, Ava Mansouri, Molouk Hajibabaie, K. Heidari, A. Rashidian, S. Ansari, K. Gholami","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.80927.1402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.80927.1402","url":null,"abstract":"Detection and management of cancer-related symptoms is a key component in children’s quality of life. We evaluate symptoms and their severity in Iranian pediatric oncology outpatients using Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist for Children (TRSC-C). This was a cross-sectional study conducted in two outpatient pediatric oncology settings. We included all patients aged between 5-17 years. The validated and reliable Persian translated version of TRSC-C was used to study the symptoms. Overall 1425 symptoms were documented from 162 patients (mean age 8.6 ±3.2, acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 76.5%). In 96.3% of patients at least one symptom was present. Twenty (12.34%) patients experienced at least 15 events. Irritable, loss of appetite, cough, pain and hair loss were the top 5 frequent symptoms. The highest mean severity scores were also belonged to irritable, loss of appetite, and hair loss. We found no significant difference between gender, age group or time of the last chemotherapy with mean total severity scores or total number of symptoms (P>0.05). In conclusion, TRSC-C is an appropriate symptom assessment checklist for our settings and it would give us the ability to track symptoms and designate clinical interventions based on the frequent and severe identified symptoms.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49645632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.85076.1429
A. Moghaddam, F. Sheybani, Atefeh Behboudifar, H. Naderi, N. Morovatdar, B. Dadpour, Nasrin Khosravi, J. Rashid, M. Hoseini
Background: Acetaminophen is the most commonly used analgesic and fever-lowering agent that is prescribed in a high percentage of patients. Due to the high prevalence of the administration of this drug, even a small percentage of errors in prescription can be significant and have important implications. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen among hospitalized adult patients and its association with clinical outcomes. Methods and Materials: We conducted a retrospective, cross sectional study of all hospitalized adult patients in a teaching hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Results: During the three-month study period, 4,781 (24.83%) out of 19,252 hospitalized cases received acetaminophen. Of those who received acetaminophen, 264 (5.5%) cases received a supratherapeutic dose at least once. Of 611 incidences of supratherapeutic dosing, 99.1% occurred in surgical wards and surgical intensive care units (ICUs), and 98.8% was associated with receiving parenteral formulations of acetaminophen. Multivariate analysis indicated supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen was significantly associated with multiple factors including female gender, older age, and longer length of hospital stays. Conclusion: All things considered, the percentage of hospitalized adult patients who received any dose of acetaminophen at our center was considerably less than other countries. Despite this, the frequency of instances of supratherapeutic dosing of this medication was significant (i.e. 17.6 days per 1,000 patient-days). Considering recent reports concerning the risk of hepatotoxicity associated with the repeated use of supratherapeutic doses of acetaminophen, continuous monitoring of acetaminophen utilization in order to prevent these instances is needed. Furthermore, based on the low percentage of patients who receive acetaminophen at our center, conducting research to study the pattern of prescription of analgesics and antipyretics in our center and its association with clinical outcome is logical.
{"title":"Supratherapeutic Dosing of Acetaminophen in Iranian Hospitalized Adult Patients","authors":"A. Moghaddam, F. Sheybani, Atefeh Behboudifar, H. Naderi, N. Morovatdar, B. Dadpour, Nasrin Khosravi, J. Rashid, M. Hoseini","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.85076.1429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.85076.1429","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acetaminophen is the most commonly used analgesic and fever-lowering agent that is prescribed in a high percentage of patients. Due to the high prevalence of the administration of this drug, even a small percentage of errors in prescription can be significant and have important implications. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen among hospitalized adult patients and its association with clinical outcomes. Methods and Materials: We conducted a retrospective, cross sectional study of all hospitalized adult patients in a teaching hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Results: During the three-month study period, 4,781 (24.83%) out of 19,252 hospitalized cases received acetaminophen. Of those who received acetaminophen, 264 (5.5%) cases received a supratherapeutic dose at least once. Of 611 incidences of supratherapeutic dosing, 99.1% occurred in surgical wards and surgical intensive care units (ICUs), and 98.8% was associated with receiving parenteral formulations of acetaminophen. Multivariate analysis indicated supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen was significantly associated with multiple factors including female gender, older age, and longer length of hospital stays. Conclusion: All things considered, the percentage of hospitalized adult patients who received any dose of acetaminophen at our center was considerably less than other countries. Despite this, the frequency of instances of supratherapeutic dosing of this medication was significant (i.e. 17.6 days per 1,000 patient-days). Considering recent reports concerning the risk of hepatotoxicity associated with the repeated use of supratherapeutic doses of acetaminophen, continuous monitoring of acetaminophen utilization in order to prevent these instances is needed. Furthermore, based on the low percentage of patients who receive acetaminophen at our center, conducting research to study the pattern of prescription of analgesics and antipyretics in our center and its association with clinical outcome is logical.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48894223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.91824.1472
Farzaneh Farshdari, M. Ahmadzadeh, H. Jahandar, E. Mohit
Single chain Fragment variable (scFv) is an antibody fragment consisting variable regions of heavy and light chains. scFvs enhance their penetrability into tissues while maintaining specific affinity and having low immunogenicity. Insoluble inclusion bodies are formed when scFvs are expressed in reducing bacterial cytoplasm. One strategy for obtaining functionally active scFv is to translocate the scFv into the oxidized environment of the periplasm where the possibility for disulfide bond formation is increased. This can be achieved by cloning the gene in a vector containing N-terminal pelB leader peptide that export foreign proteins to the periplasmic space. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of periplasmic localization using pelB leader peptide on the solubility of anti HER2-scFv. Herein, anti HER2-scFv gene was cloned between NcoI and XhoI sites of pET22-b (+) containing pelB leader peptide and in same sites of pET28-b (+) (without pelB). The expression in BL21 (DE3) was induced using IPTG and was analyzed using SDS-PAGE and Western blot experiment. Then, the solubility of anti HER2-scFvin BL21 (DE3) containing both pET22- and pET28-(anti HER2-scFv) was determined. The results of the present study demonstrated that anti HER2-scFv was expressed by both pET22-b (+) and pET28-b (+) vectors in BL21 (DE3). The proper expression of anti-HER2 scFv was confirmed by appearance of a 28 kDa band in Western blot analysis. The most anti HER2-scFv expression from BL21 containing pET28-(anti HER2-scFv) was achieved when it was induced by 0.25 mM IPTG at 37 C, 24 h post-induction. The ratio of soluble/insoluble anti HER2-scFv was significantly higher in BL21 containing pET22-(anti HER2-scFv) than in that containing pET28-(anti HER2-scFv). Totally, fusion of pelB signal sequence to anti HER2-scFv resulted in solubility enhancement. Therefore, production of functional anti HER2-scFv with proper disulfide bond can be achieved by directing the recombinant protein to periplasmic space using pelB signal peptide in pET22 (+) vector.
{"title":"Enhanced Solubility of Anti-HER2 scFv Using Bacterial Pelb Leader Sequence","authors":"Farzaneh Farshdari, M. Ahmadzadeh, H. Jahandar, E. Mohit","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.91824.1472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.91824.1472","url":null,"abstract":"Single chain Fragment variable (scFv) is an antibody fragment consisting variable regions of heavy and light chains. scFvs enhance their penetrability into tissues while maintaining specific affinity and having low immunogenicity. Insoluble inclusion bodies are formed when scFvs are expressed in reducing bacterial cytoplasm. One strategy for obtaining functionally active scFv is to translocate the scFv into the oxidized environment of the periplasm where the possibility for disulfide bond formation is increased. This can be achieved by cloning the gene in a vector containing N-terminal pelB leader peptide that export foreign proteins to the periplasmic space. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of periplasmic localization using pelB leader peptide on the solubility of anti HER2-scFv. Herein, anti HER2-scFv gene was cloned between NcoI and XhoI sites of pET22-b (+) containing pelB leader peptide and in same sites of pET28-b (+) (without pelB). The expression in BL21 (DE3) was induced using IPTG and was analyzed using SDS-PAGE and Western blot experiment. Then, the solubility of anti HER2-scFvin BL21 (DE3) containing both pET22- and pET28-(anti HER2-scFv) was determined. The results of the present study demonstrated that anti HER2-scFv was expressed by both pET22-b (+) and pET28-b (+) vectors in BL21 (DE3). The proper expression of anti-HER2 scFv was confirmed by appearance of a 28 kDa band in Western blot analysis. The most anti HER2-scFv expression from BL21 containing pET28-(anti HER2-scFv) was achieved when it was induced by 0.25 mM IPTG at 37 C, 24 h post-induction. The ratio of soluble/insoluble anti HER2-scFv was significantly higher in BL21 containing pET22-(anti HER2-scFv) than in that containing pET28-(anti HER2-scFv). Totally, fusion of pelB signal sequence to anti HER2-scFv resulted in solubility enhancement. Therefore, production of functional anti HER2-scFv with proper disulfide bond can be achieved by directing the recombinant protein to periplasmic space using pelB signal peptide in pET22 (+) vector.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46713281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.90477.1463
G. Vaseghi, N. Zakeri, F. Mazloumfard, A. Yegdaneh, N. Dana
Background: Marine seaweeds synthesize different types of compounds with various biological activities, including anti-tuberculosis and anticancer effects. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anti tuberculosis of Padina australis and cytotoxicity of different fractions of this seaweed. Methods: Padina australis was collected from coasts of Persian Gulf, identified and extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate. The extract was evaporated and partitioned by Kupchan method to yield Hexane, dichloromethane, Butanol and water partitions. The anti-tuberculosis activity of the crude extract and cytotoxicity of fractions were investigated using GFPMA and MTT methods. Results: The cell survivals of HeLa cell were decreased by increasing the concentration of extracts. The IC50 value of hexane, dichloromethane, butanol and water partitions were 2.0, 20. , 19.7 and 182.7 μg/ml respectively. The crude extract was not active against tuberculosis. Conclusion: This study reveals that different partitions of Padina australis have cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Anti-tuberculosis and Cytotoxic Potential of the Seaweed Padina australis","authors":"G. Vaseghi, N. Zakeri, F. Mazloumfard, A. Yegdaneh, N. Dana","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.90477.1463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.90477.1463","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Marine seaweeds synthesize different types of compounds with various biological activities, including anti-tuberculosis and anticancer effects. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anti tuberculosis of Padina australis and cytotoxicity of different fractions of this seaweed. Methods: Padina australis was collected from coasts of Persian Gulf, identified and extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate. The extract was evaporated and partitioned by Kupchan method to yield Hexane, dichloromethane, Butanol and water partitions. The anti-tuberculosis activity of the crude extract and cytotoxicity of fractions were investigated using GFPMA and MTT methods. Results: The cell survivals of HeLa cell were decreased by increasing the concentration of extracts. The IC50 value of hexane, dichloromethane, butanol and water partitions were 2.0, 20. , 19.7 and 182.7 μg/ml respectively. The crude extract was not active against tuberculosis. Conclusion: This study reveals that different partitions of Padina australis have cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68025771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.89640.1456
F. Alizadeh, A. Khodavandi, Sahar Ahmadsomalia
Patients with impaired immunity are at particular risk of infections with Candida albicans. Antifungal drugs such as azoles commonly used for candidiasis treatment, but drug resistance is one of the most common problems for public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of lanosterol 14-demethylase (ERG11) gene for three-drug combinations in C. albicans. Disk diffusion and broth microdilution susceptibility tests were employed to evaluate the synergic effects of amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole. Quantification of ERG11 gene expression was carried out in C. albicans treated with three-drug combinations of fluconazole/ ketoconazole/ voriconazole and fluconazole/ ketoconazole/ itraconazole. Three-drug combinations revealed synergistic and partial synergistic effect for all tested isolates (FIC index range of 0.27-0.77). The expression levels of ERG11 were down-regulated by three-drug combination of fluconazole/ ketoconazole/ voriconazole treatment. Fluconazole synergizes with ketoconazole and voriconazole in three-drug combination against C. albicans by targeting of the ERG11 gene.
{"title":"Expression of Lanosterol 14-Demethylase (ERG11) Gene of Three-Drug Combinations in Candida albicans","authors":"F. Alizadeh, A. Khodavandi, Sahar Ahmadsomalia","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.89640.1456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.89640.1456","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with impaired immunity are at particular risk of infections with Candida albicans. Antifungal drugs such as azoles commonly used for candidiasis treatment, but drug resistance is one of the most common problems for public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of lanosterol 14-demethylase (ERG11) gene for three-drug combinations in C. albicans. Disk diffusion and broth microdilution susceptibility tests were employed to evaluate the synergic effects of amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole. Quantification of ERG11 gene expression was carried out in C. albicans treated with three-drug combinations of fluconazole/ ketoconazole/ voriconazole and fluconazole/ ketoconazole/ itraconazole. Three-drug combinations revealed synergistic and partial synergistic effect for all tested isolates (FIC index range of 0.27-0.77). The expression levels of ERG11 were down-regulated by three-drug combination of fluconazole/ ketoconazole/ voriconazole treatment. Fluconazole synergizes with ketoconazole and voriconazole in three-drug combination against C. albicans by targeting of the ERG11 gene.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"75-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68026117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.87895.1443
Mona Kargar, Mohammad-Hadi Nikahd, Shahideh Amini, K. Heidari, K. Gholami
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an expensive medicine which is widely used for unlabeled indications. We conducted this drug utilization review (DUR) to evaluate the appropriateness of IVIG utilization in Tehran, Iran. This cross sectional study was conducted in a referral pediatric tertiary care hospital in Tehran. During a three month period in 2015, medical records of inpatients with IVIG order were evaluated. Appropriate indications for IVIG were determined based on the evidenced based guidelines and literature. Medical records of patients were reviewed and demographic data as well as the diagnosis, previous treatments, IVIG indication, dose, duration and the adverse drug reactions (ADR) were documented. Additionally, cost of therapy was calculated. During the study, 115 patients received IVIG. In 51 cases (44.4%), a total of 1338 gram IVIG was administered inappropriately. We found that in 32 cases (27.8%), intractable epilepsy was the inappropriate indication. The most frequent prescribers of IVIG were clinical specialists of pediatric neurology, pediatric asthma and immunology followed by pediatric hematology. In terms of safety, we found that 64 (55.6%) patients experienced at least one ADR. The most prevalent ADRs were hypotension (27.8%), fever (26.9%) and chills (18.3%). Total cost of IVIG during the study period was 6,075,500,000 Rials (approximately 215,872 $). Irrational use of IVIG is still a considerable issue that costs a considerable amount. Due to the high cost of therapy, multifaceted interventions is necessary to be implemented to improve the prescribing practice.
{"title":"Intravenous Immunoglobulin Utilization in a Pediatric Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Iran","authors":"Mona Kargar, Mohammad-Hadi Nikahd, Shahideh Amini, K. Heidari, K. Gholami","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.87895.1443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.87895.1443","url":null,"abstract":"Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an expensive medicine which is widely used for unlabeled indications. We conducted this drug utilization review (DUR) to evaluate the appropriateness of IVIG utilization in Tehran, Iran. This cross sectional study was conducted in a referral pediatric tertiary care hospital in Tehran. During a three month period in 2015, medical records of inpatients with IVIG order were evaluated. Appropriate indications for IVIG were determined based on the evidenced based guidelines and literature. Medical records of patients were reviewed and demographic data as well as the diagnosis, previous treatments, IVIG indication, dose, duration and the adverse drug reactions (ADR) were documented. Additionally, cost of therapy was calculated. During the study, 115 patients received IVIG. In 51 cases (44.4%), a total of 1338 gram IVIG was administered inappropriately. We found that in 32 cases (27.8%), intractable epilepsy was the inappropriate indication. The most frequent prescribers of IVIG were clinical specialists of pediatric neurology, pediatric asthma and immunology followed by pediatric hematology. In terms of safety, we found that 64 (55.6%) patients experienced at least one ADR. The most prevalent ADRs were hypotension (27.8%), fever (26.9%) and chills (18.3%). Total cost of IVIG during the study period was 6,075,500,000 Rials (approximately 215,872 $). Irrational use of IVIG is still a considerable issue that costs a considerable amount. Due to the high cost of therapy, multifaceted interventions is necessary to be implemented to improve the prescribing practice.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68025853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.38702
F. Zeinali, F. Peiravian, N. Yousefi
As parents’ socioeconomic condition considerably affects their children’s health, in the present paper, parents’ education and its relation with their lifestyle, including breast feeding, nutrition, supplement intake, smoking, and personal hygiene, are studied. Parents’ behavior is an important factor in affecting children’s health status. A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted using a self-administrated anonymous questionnaire. A total of 600 anonymous questionnaires were distributed among the children’s parents in primary schools in Tehran, Iran, of which 62% were returned. Responses showed that 89.2% of mothers had breastfeeding and 69% of children had suitable nutrition. Additionally, the study result indicated a significant correlation between parents’ education and children’s personal hygiene. There was a significant relation between parents’ education and parents’ smoking as well. Furthermore, there was a significant relation between mothers’ education and supplement intake in their children. Therefore, parents’ education and health literacy are the main factors in children’s health that should be addressed by policymakers.
{"title":"Relation between Parental Education and Children’s Healthful Lifestyle","authors":"F. Zeinali, F. Peiravian, N. Yousefi","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.38702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.38702","url":null,"abstract":"As parents’ socioeconomic condition considerably affects their children’s health, in the present paper, parents’ education and its relation with their lifestyle, including breast feeding, nutrition, supplement intake, smoking, and personal hygiene, are studied. Parents’ behavior is an important factor in affecting children’s health status. A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted using a self-administrated anonymous questionnaire. A total of 600 anonymous questionnaires were distributed among the children’s parents in primary schools in Tehran, Iran, of which 62% were returned. Responses showed that 89.2% of mothers had breastfeeding and 69% of children had suitable nutrition. Additionally, the study result indicated a significant correlation between parents’ education and children’s personal hygiene. There was a significant relation between parents’ education and parents’ smoking as well. Furthermore, there was a significant relation between mothers’ education and supplement intake in their children. Therefore, parents’ education and health literacy are the main factors in children’s health that should be addressed by policymakers.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68027249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.38704
Mohammad Farooq, I. Khan, Dolat Khan, Anam Ahsan, Atif Hussain, Irum Mansoor, R. Parveen
Abstract Background: Prescribing pattern is also important factor to identify the problems related to prescribing and best tool to improve the quality of prescription and patient care. Methods: The aim of current study was to evaluate the quality of prescription and prescribing practices as per WHO drug core indicators in Lahore, Pakistan. A descriptive and cross- sectional study was carried out to access the prescribing pattern in Lahore, Pakistan. A sample of 300 prescriptions were collected from well –known Pharmacies and hospitals located in Lahore, Pakistan. A Structured data collection form was designed. The standard world health organization (WHO) drugs core prescribing indicators were used to determine the prescribing pattern of physicians. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS V21.0. Results: The name of patients was mentioned 93% of total prescriptions. While age and sex mentioned on prescriptions were 67% and 53% respectively. Only 22% prescriptions were containing patient weight description.32% of total prescriptions were mentioned prescriber address. 16% of total prescriptions were containing patient address. While 60% of total prescriptions were mentioned specliazation of prescribers. The total numbers of drugs prescribed on all encounter was 1122. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.74(optimal value 1.6-1.8). The total number of drugs prescribed under generic name was 0% (optimal value 100%). Antibiotics were 42.5% of total drug prescribed (optimal value 20-26.8). Injections were 19.25% of prescriptions (optimal value less 10%). Prescription writing is a tough task. Conclusion: The result of current study show a poor compliance rate of legal requirement required for prescription writing. Most of prescribers were deviated from standard guidelines. There is dare need to improve the knowledge about prescription writing and prescribing practices. Continuous education is required to ensure the rational prescribing at Lahore, Pakistan in future.
{"title":"WHO Indicators and its Compliance by General Practitioners of Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Mohammad Farooq, I. Khan, Dolat Khan, Anam Ahsan, Atif Hussain, Irum Mansoor, R. Parveen","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.38704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.38704","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Prescribing pattern is also important factor to identify the problems related to prescribing and best tool to improve the quality of prescription and patient care. Methods: The aim of current study was to evaluate the quality of prescription and prescribing practices as per WHO drug core indicators in Lahore, Pakistan. A descriptive and cross- sectional study was carried out to access the prescribing pattern in Lahore, Pakistan. A sample of 300 prescriptions were collected from well –known Pharmacies and hospitals located in Lahore, Pakistan. A Structured data collection form was designed. The standard world health organization (WHO) drugs core prescribing indicators were used to determine the prescribing pattern of physicians. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS V21.0. Results: The name of patients was mentioned 93% of total prescriptions. While age and sex mentioned on prescriptions were 67% and 53% respectively. Only 22% prescriptions were containing patient weight description.32% of total prescriptions were mentioned prescriber address. 16% of total prescriptions were containing patient address. While 60% of total prescriptions were mentioned specliazation of prescribers. The total numbers of drugs prescribed on all encounter was 1122. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.74(optimal value 1.6-1.8). The total number of drugs prescribed under generic name was 0% (optimal value 100%). Antibiotics were 42.5% of total drug prescribed (optimal value 20-26.8). Injections were 19.25% of prescriptions (optimal value less 10%). Prescription writing is a tough task. Conclusion: The result of current study show a poor compliance rate of legal requirement required for prescription writing. Most of prescribers were deviated from standard guidelines. There is dare need to improve the knowledge about prescription writing and prescribing practices. Continuous education is required to ensure the rational prescribing at Lahore, Pakistan in future.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68027304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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