Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.88396.1446
M. Faizi, F. Jamal, B. M. Asl, P. Naserzadeh, Z. Saadabadi, A. Salimi, Jalal Pourahmad Jaktaji
Although the biokinetics, metabolism, and chemical toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether are well known, little attention was paid to the potential toxic effects of MTBE on reproduction and development in mammals. To evaluate the effects of MTBE on pregnant animals, two groups (control and test) of NMRI mice were chosen. In test group 500 and 1000 mg/Kg of it were administered intraperitonealy at 11 days of gestation and in control group no injection was made. Caesarean section was performed at 15 days of the gestation, and the fetus and placentas were examined externally. Based on our morphological results, MTBE caused significant increase (p < 0.05) in the weight of fetuses and the weight of placentas, the diameter of placentas and crown-rump length of fetuses. Also, our mitochondrial results showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in mitochondrial swelling, ROS formation and also significant (p < 0.05) decreased in MMP on mitochondria isolated from liver and brain in test group. These results suggest that MTBE through ROS formation may induce the mitochondrial dysfunction which in turn leads to inhibition of angiogenesis and morphological alterations in fetus of mouse.
{"title":"Evaluation of Morphological and Mitochondrial Alterations of Mouse Fetus after Exposure to Methyl tert-butyl Ether","authors":"M. Faizi, F. Jamal, B. M. Asl, P. Naserzadeh, Z. Saadabadi, A. Salimi, Jalal Pourahmad Jaktaji","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.88396.1446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.88396.1446","url":null,"abstract":"Although the biokinetics, metabolism, and chemical toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether are well known, little attention was paid to the potential toxic effects of MTBE on reproduction and development in mammals. To evaluate the effects of MTBE on pregnant animals, two groups (control and test) of NMRI mice were chosen. In test group 500 and 1000 mg/Kg of it were administered intraperitonealy at 11 days of gestation and in control group no injection was made. Caesarean section was performed at 15 days of the gestation, and the fetus and placentas were examined externally. Based on our morphological results, MTBE caused significant increase (p < 0.05) in the weight of fetuses and the weight of placentas, the diameter of placentas and crown-rump length of fetuses. Also, our mitochondrial results showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in mitochondrial swelling, ROS formation and also significant (p < 0.05) decreased in MMP on mitochondria isolated from liver and brain in test group. These results suggest that MTBE through ROS formation may induce the mitochondrial dysfunction which in turn leads to inhibition of angiogenesis and morphological alterations in fetus of mouse.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68025968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2020.38701
V. Padmaja, Srinivas Nayak Amgoth, M. EswaraiahChinna
Myristica fatua var. magnifica (Beddome) Sinclair belongs to the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree used as an important plant to cure various diseases. In the present study the Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate and Methanolic extracts of Myristica fatua was evaluated for its toxicity, potential analgesic, depressant and in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. The extracts at different concentration from 100 to 2000 mg/kg were used to evaluate the toxicity in albino rats. For evaluating the analgesic, depressant, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, tail flick, actophotometer, rota-rod, HRBC membrane and carrageenan induced edema test in selected animals were done at the dose 200 and 400 mg/kg. Acute toxicity studies revealed that the extracts of Myristica fatua var. are nontoxic at the studied concentration. The appropriate dose range for preclinical study was found to be 200 and 400 mg/kg. Oral administration of different extracts at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited dose dependent analgesic, depressant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in selected animals. In vitro anti-inflammatory studies showed dose dependent activity with percentage of stabilization was found to be 79.66%, 80.63% and 85.22% at concentration of 200 mg/ml of M. fatua leaves, bark and standard respectively. Hence present investigation established some pharmacological evidences to support the folklore claim that Myristica fatua var. magnifica is used as analgesic, depressant and anti-inflammatory agent.
{"title":"Evaluation of Pharmacological Activities of Leaves and Bark of Myristica fatua var. magnifica Extracts","authors":"V. Padmaja, Srinivas Nayak Amgoth, M. EswaraiahChinna","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2020.38701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2020.38701","url":null,"abstract":"Myristica fatua var. magnifica (Beddome) Sinclair belongs to the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree used as an important plant to cure various diseases. In the present study the Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate and Methanolic extracts of Myristica fatua was evaluated for its toxicity, potential analgesic, depressant and in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. The extracts at different concentration from 100 to 2000 mg/kg were used to evaluate the toxicity in albino rats. For evaluating the analgesic, depressant, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, tail flick, actophotometer, rota-rod, HRBC membrane and carrageenan induced edema test in selected animals were done at the dose 200 and 400 mg/kg. Acute toxicity studies revealed that the extracts of Myristica fatua var. are nontoxic at the studied concentration. The appropriate dose range for preclinical study was found to be 200 and 400 mg/kg. Oral administration of different extracts at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited dose dependent analgesic, depressant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in selected animals. In vitro anti-inflammatory studies showed dose dependent activity with percentage of stabilization was found to be 79.66%, 80.63% and 85.22% at concentration of 200 mg/ml of M. fatua leaves, bark and standard respectively. Hence present investigation established some pharmacological evidences to support the folklore claim that Myristica fatua var. magnifica is used as analgesic, depressant and anti-inflammatory agent.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68028181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.37541
H. Danafar
Background: A novel drug delivery system using poly (e-caprolactone) - poly (ethylene glycol) -poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL) was established in this study. Methods: Ceftriaxone (CTX) was encapsulated within PCL-PEG-PCL nanoparticles by a double emulsion technique (w/o/w), leading to creation of ceftriaxone-loaded PCL-PEG-PCL (CTX/PCL-PEG-PCL) polymersomes. The resulting polymersomes were characterized by various techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS). The release profile of the CTX from the polymersomes was evaluated. Results: The findings showed the successful formation of spherical CTX/PCL-PEG-PCL polymersomes. The loading efficiency of CTX was 17.50± 1.17%. The results of DLS showed that the polymersomes have size of 115.7± 0.48 nm. In vitro release of CTX from polymersomes was remarkably sustained. The sustained release of drug was hypothetically due to the encapsulation of CTX in core of polymersomes. Conclusion: The results indicate the successful formulation of CTX loaded PCL-PEG-PCL polymersomes. It can be concluded that polymersomes may be considered as an effective treatment strategy for to improve the therapeutic effect of CTX in the future. Keywords: Ceftriaxone, Drug delivery, Nanoparticles, PCL-PEG–PCL, Polymersomes,
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of PCL-PEG-PCL Copolymeric Nanoparticles as Polymersomes for Delivery Hydrophilic Drugs","authors":"H. Danafar","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.37541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.37541","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A novel drug delivery system using poly (e-caprolactone) - poly (ethylene glycol) -poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL) was established in this study. Methods: Ceftriaxone (CTX) was encapsulated within PCL-PEG-PCL nanoparticles by a double emulsion technique (w/o/w), leading to creation of ceftriaxone-loaded PCL-PEG-PCL (CTX/PCL-PEG-PCL) polymersomes. The resulting polymersomes were characterized by various techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS). The release profile of the CTX from the polymersomes was evaluated. Results: The findings showed the successful formation of spherical CTX/PCL-PEG-PCL polymersomes. The loading efficiency of CTX was 17.50± 1.17%. The results of DLS showed that the polymersomes have size of 115.7± 0.48 nm. In vitro release of CTX from polymersomes was remarkably sustained. The sustained release of drug was hypothetically due to the encapsulation of CTX in core of polymersomes. Conclusion: The results indicate the successful formulation of CTX loaded PCL-PEG-PCL polymersomes. It can be concluded that polymersomes may be considered as an effective treatment strategy for to improve the therapeutic effect of CTX in the future. Keywords: Ceftriaxone, Drug delivery, Nanoparticles, PCL-PEG–PCL, Polymersomes,","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"21-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48050049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.37546
M. Khaledi, A. Aminorroaya, H. Rezvanian
Here in this paper, we report a 31-year-old case admitted with symptoms of hyperthyroidism that was then diagnosed with Grave's disease (GD) and underwent treatments with a low dosage of methimazole (10 mg/day). 20 days after treatments initiations, she developed antithyroid arthritis syndrome. This patient experienced arthritis and arthralgia in at least 4 joints. And all autoimmune and microbiologic evaluations were negative. She was then completely recovered without any sequelae within 4 days after drug withdrawal. Arthritis as an adverse effect of methimazole is a major and life-threatening adverse effect which requires immediate drug discontinuation and hospitalization. Contrary to what has been thought, we declare that this adverse effect might not be dose dependent as our case developed arthritis following methimazole therapy with a very low dosage (10 mg/day). The aim of the current case report is to help other physicians in order to diagnose and treat possible cases of antithyroid arthritis syndrome.
{"title":"Arthritis Associated With Low Dose Methimazole Therapy: A Case Report.","authors":"M. Khaledi, A. Aminorroaya, H. Rezvanian","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.37546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.37546","url":null,"abstract":"Here in this paper, we report a 31-year-old case admitted with symptoms of hyperthyroidism that was then diagnosed with Grave's disease (GD) and underwent treatments with a low dosage of methimazole (10 mg/day). 20 days after treatments initiations, she developed antithyroid arthritis syndrome. This patient experienced arthritis and arthralgia in at least 4 joints. And all autoimmune and microbiologic evaluations were negative. She was then completely recovered without any sequelae within 4 days after drug withdrawal. Arthritis as an adverse effect of methimazole is a major and life-threatening adverse effect which requires immediate drug discontinuation and hospitalization. Contrary to what has been thought, we declare that this adverse effect might not be dose dependent as our case developed arthritis following methimazole therapy with a very low dosage (10 mg/day). The aim of the current case report is to help other physicians in order to diagnose and treat possible cases of antithyroid arthritis syndrome.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43502606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.37545
T. Esmaeili, M. Barati, D. Tila, S. Ghanbarzadeh
Liposomes are the most important lipid-based nanocarriers, which are used for encapsulation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic active compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Gammaoryzanol (GO) addition to lipid bilayers on characteristics of liposomes prepared by a modified ethanol injection method. The GO bearing nanoliposomes were prepared with different molar ratios of phosphatidylcholine (PC): GO. PC: GO molar ratio was concerned as the independent variable while particle size (PS), encapsulation efficiency percentage (EE%) and drug release over 24 h (D24h) were considered as the dependent variables. The variables were analyzed and optimized by employing response surface methodology (RSM). Also, graphical response surfaces and contour plots were drawn to understand the interaction effects of different variables. Finally, optimum levels of the variables were obtained from the optimization plots. The mean PS, EE% and D24h values of Celecoxib-loaded nanoliposomes were found to be 102.6 ± 9.5 nm, 67.6 ± 11.2% and 53.97 ± 9.6 %, respectively. The results indicated that both PC: GO and PC: Drug ratios are important variables contributing to PS and EE% of the nanoliposomes. However, just PC: GO had an effect on D24h (P<0.05). According to the findings, optimized formulation of Celecoxib nanoliposomes is associated with PC: GO and PC: Drug ratios of 4.6 and 3, which provides PS = 102 nm, EE% = 74.2% and D24h = 59.9 %. In conclusion, addition of GO and using ethanol injection method, with respect to optimization of the parameters by RSM technique, presents a simple, rapid and beneficial approache for preparation of nanoliposomes with optimum characteristics.
{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of Gammaoryzanol Addition on the Properties of the Nanoliposomes by using Response Surface Methodology: Preparation, Characterization and Optimization","authors":"T. Esmaeili, M. Barati, D. Tila, S. Ghanbarzadeh","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.37545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.37545","url":null,"abstract":"Liposomes are the most important lipid-based nanocarriers, which are used for encapsulation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic active compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Gammaoryzanol (GO) addition to lipid bilayers on characteristics of liposomes prepared by a modified ethanol injection method. The GO bearing nanoliposomes were prepared with different molar ratios of phosphatidylcholine (PC): GO. PC: GO molar ratio was concerned as the independent variable while particle size (PS), encapsulation efficiency percentage (EE%) and drug release over 24 h (D24h) were considered as the dependent variables. The variables were analyzed and optimized by employing response surface methodology (RSM). Also, graphical response surfaces and contour plots were drawn to understand the interaction effects of different variables. Finally, optimum levels of the variables were obtained from the optimization plots. The mean PS, EE% and D24h values of Celecoxib-loaded nanoliposomes were found to be 102.6 ± 9.5 nm, 67.6 ± 11.2% and 53.97 ± 9.6 %, respectively. The results indicated that both PC: GO and PC: Drug ratios are important variables contributing to PS and EE% of the nanoliposomes. However, just PC: GO had an effect on D24h (P<0.05). According to the findings, optimized formulation of Celecoxib nanoliposomes is associated with PC: GO and PC: Drug ratios of 4.6 and 3, which provides PS = 102 nm, EE% = 74.2% and D24h = 59.9 %. In conclusion, addition of GO and using ethanol injection method, with respect to optimization of the parameters by RSM technique, presents a simple, rapid and beneficial approache for preparation of nanoliposomes with optimum characteristics.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48834812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.80145.1398
Mahboubeh Rezazadeh, T. Mohammadi, M. Shahtalebi, N. Tavakoli, S. A. Mostafavi
Pramipexole is the mostly prescribed drug in patients with Parkinson disease. The incidence of Parkinson disease is related to aging and mostly developed in elderly people with difficulty in swallowing or dysphagia. In the current study we aimed to develop an orally fast disintegrating tablet (ODT) of pramipexole as a preferable alternative in geriatric patients. Hence, the fast disintegration is a critical criteria for ODTs, the effects of four different superdisintegrants including, crospovidone, croscarmellose, sodium starchstearate glycolate, and agar were evaluated on physical characteristics of the tablets. All of the formulations were prepared through direct compression method using aspartame and manitol as taste masking agents. The flow properties of all of the mixtures were in the acceptable limits. Croscarmellose and Avicel® were chosen as the best superdisintegrants which resulted in the lowest disintegration disintegrating time and the least friability. In subsequent studies, a 32 full factorial design was adopted to assess the impact of different amounts of croscarmellose and Avicel®. The overall results suggests that the tablets containing 2.5 mg croscarmellose and 70 mg Avicel® as superdisintegrants isare the best formulation. Mean hardness, disintegration time, friability, and the drug release percent during 5 min for the optimized formulation were confirmed 42.05 ± 4.6 Kg/cm2, 24.98 ± 6.8 Sec, 0.13 %, and 95.52 ± 2.23% , respectively.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of orally disintegrating tablets of Pramipexole using full factorial design","authors":"Mahboubeh Rezazadeh, T. Mohammadi, M. Shahtalebi, N. Tavakoli, S. A. Mostafavi","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.80145.1398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.80145.1398","url":null,"abstract":"Pramipexole is the mostly prescribed drug in patients with Parkinson disease. The incidence of Parkinson disease is related to aging and mostly developed in elderly people with difficulty in swallowing or dysphagia. In the current study we aimed to develop an orally fast disintegrating tablet (ODT) of pramipexole as a preferable alternative in geriatric patients. Hence, the fast disintegration is a critical criteria for ODTs, the effects of four different superdisintegrants including, crospovidone, croscarmellose, sodium starchstearate glycolate, and agar were evaluated on physical characteristics of the tablets. All of the formulations were prepared through direct compression method using aspartame and manitol as taste masking agents. The flow properties of all of the mixtures were in the acceptable limits. Croscarmellose and Avicel® were chosen as the best superdisintegrants which resulted in the lowest disintegration disintegrating time and the least friability. In subsequent studies, a 32 full factorial design was adopted to assess the impact of different amounts of croscarmellose and Avicel®. The overall results suggests that the tablets containing 2.5 mg croscarmellose and 70 mg Avicel® as superdisintegrants isare the best formulation. Mean hardness, disintegration time, friability, and the drug release percent during 5 min for the optimized formulation were confirmed 42.05 ± 4.6 Kg/cm2, 24.98 ± 6.8 Sec, 0.13 %, and 95.52 ± 2.23% , respectively.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47128222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.97646.1506
H. Talaie, Mohammad Sistanizad, F. Shirazi, Neda Kazemnia, Ideh Baradaran Kayal
Acetaminophen is one of the most important antipyretic and analgesic drugs. It has an excellent efficacy when it's used in therapeutic doses, but in unsafe doses it can be resulted in hepatotoxicity and permanent liver failure. Due to disparities that have been reported between the actual and stated concentration of acetaminophen tablets, we aimed to compare the actual quantity of 8 Iranian generic acetaminophen tablets with the stated amount on the label, using HPLC method. Drug concentration has measured by HPLC. We performed USP procedure for all models such as tablets, capsule, and oral solution assay preparations USP-36 NF31 by standard preparations. Method validation was achieved. For USP guidelines performance we need to concern on standard references. By chromatography equipment, we used HPLC analyzer 1200 degasser, 1200 bin pump, 1200 ALS, and 1200 VWD. Acetaminophen sample solution included 325 mg weighted quantity of the powder that transferred to a 200 ml volumetric flask in addition to 100 ml of mobile phase. A part of this solution was transferred throughout a 0.5 micrometer permeable filter (or finer). By injecting 10 µL of standard solution into the chromatograph, major peaks are measured as a response. As a final point, calculation the quantity of acetaminophen in each brand was obtained via specific formula. According to the USP, all brands consisted of 90.0– 110.0 % of the labeled amount of active ingredient (p<0.05). Consequently, The USP standards are met for drugs with different lot numbers by a variety of companies. The differences of clinical attributes of Paracetamol overdose between Iran and other countries may be related to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics issues, metabolism, genetic factors or environmental effects. Further studies are recommended.
{"title":"Acetaminophen Analysis in Different Commercial Formulation of Iranian Acetaminophen Tablets","authors":"H. Talaie, Mohammad Sistanizad, F. Shirazi, Neda Kazemnia, Ideh Baradaran Kayal","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.97646.1506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.97646.1506","url":null,"abstract":"Acetaminophen is one of the most important antipyretic and analgesic drugs. It has an excellent efficacy when it's used in therapeutic doses, but in unsafe doses it can be resulted in hepatotoxicity and permanent liver failure. Due to disparities that have been reported between the actual and stated concentration of acetaminophen tablets, we aimed to compare the actual quantity of 8 Iranian generic acetaminophen tablets with the stated amount on the label, using HPLC method. Drug concentration has measured by HPLC. We performed USP procedure for all models such as tablets, capsule, and oral solution assay preparations USP-36 NF31 by standard preparations. Method validation was achieved. For USP guidelines performance we need to concern on standard references. By chromatography equipment, we used HPLC analyzer 1200 degasser, 1200 bin pump, 1200 ALS, and 1200 VWD. Acetaminophen sample solution included 325 mg weighted quantity of the powder that transferred to a 200 ml volumetric flask in addition to 100 ml of mobile phase. A part of this solution was transferred throughout a 0.5 micrometer permeable filter (or finer). By injecting 10 µL of standard solution into the chromatograph, major peaks are measured as a response. As a final point, calculation the quantity of acetaminophen in each brand was obtained via specific formula. According to the USP, all brands consisted of 90.0– 110.0 % of the labeled amount of active ingredient (p<0.05). Consequently, The USP standards are met for drugs with different lot numbers by a variety of companies. The differences of clinical attributes of Paracetamol overdose between Iran and other countries may be related to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics issues, metabolism, genetic factors or environmental effects. Further studies are recommended.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44156116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2019.94822.1485
Shamim Saharanavard, F. Mojab, P. B. Naseri, S. Behzad, Hamed Parsa Khankandi
Arial parts of Primula genus (Primulaceae) are well known to treat various ailments in Iranian Traditional Medicine. Our preliminary studies showed that the medium polar to polar extracts of Primula auriculata had a significant cytotoxic activity and Induction of apoptosis effects on some cancerous cell lines. The current study focused on phytochemical investigation and characterization the compounds from P. auriculata active extracts. Dried and powdered aerial part of plant was macerated with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol successively, for 24 hours, three times. Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts were separately examined by different chromatographic techniques such as VLC, CC and TLC to Fractionation and isolation compounds present in the plant extracts. The structures of purified compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data, particularly H-NMR and C-NMR experiments. 2-phenylchromone and 3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid was identified for the first time from P. auriculata. In this research we have isolated compounds from pharmacological active extracts which is most likely responsible for cytotoxic action of P. auriculata. Further studies are required to determine activity and mechanism of action of isolated compounds.
{"title":"Chemical Compounds Isolated from Aerial Part of Primula auriculata L.","authors":"Shamim Saharanavard, F. Mojab, P. B. Naseri, S. Behzad, Hamed Parsa Khankandi","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2019.94822.1485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2019.94822.1485","url":null,"abstract":"Arial parts of Primula genus (Primulaceae) are well known to treat various ailments in Iranian Traditional Medicine. Our preliminary studies showed that the medium polar to polar extracts of Primula auriculata had a significant cytotoxic activity and Induction of apoptosis effects on some cancerous cell lines. The current study focused on phytochemical investigation and characterization the compounds from P. auriculata active extracts. Dried and powdered aerial part of plant was macerated with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol successively, for 24 hours, three times. Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts were separately examined by different chromatographic techniques such as VLC, CC and TLC to Fractionation and isolation compounds present in the plant extracts. The structures of purified compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data, particularly H-NMR and C-NMR experiments. 2-phenylchromone and 3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid was identified for the first time from P. auriculata. In this research we have isolated compounds from pharmacological active extracts which is most likely responsible for cytotoxic action of P. auriculata. Further studies are required to determine activity and mechanism of action of isolated compounds.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44874990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.37543
R. Mohebbati, A. Abbasnezhad, Parichehr Hayatdavoudi
Background: Diabetes is an important risk factor for cardiovascular events. Endothelial dysfunction is the main reason cause of disability and death in diabetic patients and death. The present study investigates the effects of metformin and glibenclamide on vasoconstrictive and vasodilative responses in the diabetic rat aorta. Methods: Rats were divided into four experimental groups (control, STZ-diabetic, metformin and glibenclamide treated diabetic rats). Treated rats received metformin (300 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) daily by gavage for 6 weeks. Thoracic aortic rings were mounted in an organ bath system, then contractile and dilatation responses induced by acetylcholine (ACh), phenylephrine (PE), potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were evaluated in different situations. Results: Blood glucose level in glibenclamide group at in days 24 and 45 was were significantly lower than diabetic group. Metformin and glibenclamide significantly reduced the contractile responses to higher concentrations of PE (10-6 - 10-5 M) compared to diabetic group. The mMetformin and glibenclamide significantly reduced the contractile responses to concentrations of KCl (50 and 60 mM) compared to diabetic group. The relaxation responses to Ach 10-8 M, was increased in metformin and glibenclamide groups than compared to the diabetic group. The relaxation responses to Ach 10-7 - 10-5 M were significantly higher in both treated groups compared to diabetic group. Conclusion: The chronic administration of metformin or glibenclamide has a significant hypoglycemic effect and improves aortic reactivity to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents in STZ-induced diabetic rats. No significant difference was found regarding thein effects of metformin and glibenclamide on vasoconstrictive and vasodilative responses in aorta.
{"title":"Comparative Effects of Metformin and Glibenclamide on Aortic Reactivity to Vasodilator and Vasoconstrictor Agents in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"R. Mohebbati, A. Abbasnezhad, Parichehr Hayatdavoudi","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.37543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.37543","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is an important risk factor for cardiovascular events. Endothelial dysfunction is the main reason cause of disability and death in diabetic patients and death. The present study investigates the effects of metformin and glibenclamide on vasoconstrictive and vasodilative responses in the diabetic rat aorta. Methods: Rats were divided into four experimental groups (control, STZ-diabetic, metformin and glibenclamide treated diabetic rats). Treated rats received metformin (300 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) daily by gavage for 6 weeks. Thoracic aortic rings were mounted in an organ bath system, then contractile and dilatation responses induced by acetylcholine (ACh), phenylephrine (PE), potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were evaluated in different situations. Results: Blood glucose level in glibenclamide group at in days 24 and 45 was were significantly lower than diabetic group. Metformin and glibenclamide significantly reduced the contractile responses to higher concentrations of PE (10-6 - 10-5 M) compared to diabetic group. The mMetformin and glibenclamide significantly reduced the contractile responses to concentrations of KCl (50 and 60 mM) compared to diabetic group. The relaxation responses to Ach 10-8 M, was increased in metformin and glibenclamide groups than compared to the diabetic group. The relaxation responses to Ach 10-7 - 10-5 M were significantly higher in both treated groups compared to diabetic group. Conclusion: The chronic administration of metformin or glibenclamide has a significant hypoglycemic effect and improves aortic reactivity to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents in STZ-induced diabetic rats. No significant difference was found regarding thein effects of metformin and glibenclamide on vasoconstrictive and vasodilative responses in aorta.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47180487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.22034/IJPS.2018.37555
F. Rostami, Saman Shalibeik, S. Shahraki
Objective: Although quinolone resistance results mostly from chromosomal mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae, it may also be mediated by plasmid – encoded qnr determinants. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was increasingly identified in Enterobacteriaceae family worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of qnr genes in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae spp in Zahedan, south-East of Iran. Methods: In this sectional-descriptive study which was performed in 2013, clinical isolates of k. pneumoniae (n=184) were collected from patients referred to 3hospitals of Zahedan. The presence of the qnr gene was screened by PCR using specific primers for qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and qnrC in extracted plasmid DNA. Results: of 184 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates, 45 isolates were positive for the qnr gene. The prevalence of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS clusters among these isolates were 8 (17.7%), 22 (48.8%), 4(8.88%) respectively and qnrC was not identified in any isolate. Another 6(13.33%) possessed both qnrA and qnrB genes and 5(11.11%) possessed both qnrB and qnrS. Conclusion: qnr are widely distributed worldwide. Community-acquired and nosocomial pathogens and the emergence of qnr-mediated quinolone resistance among clinical K.pneumoniae isolates are described for the first time in Iran.
{"title":"The Emergence of Qnr-resistance Among Klebsiella pneumoniae spp in Zahedan","authors":"F. Rostami, Saman Shalibeik, S. Shahraki","doi":"10.22034/IJPS.2018.37555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPS.2018.37555","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Although quinolone resistance results mostly from chromosomal mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae, it may also be mediated by plasmid – encoded qnr determinants. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was increasingly identified in Enterobacteriaceae family worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of qnr genes in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae spp in Zahedan, south-East of Iran. Methods: In this sectional-descriptive study which was performed in 2013, clinical isolates of k. pneumoniae (n=184) were collected from patients referred to 3hospitals of Zahedan. The presence of the qnr gene was screened by PCR using specific primers for qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and qnrC in extracted plasmid DNA. Results: of 184 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates, 45 isolates were positive for the qnr gene. The prevalence of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS clusters among these isolates were 8 (17.7%), 22 (48.8%), 4(8.88%) respectively and qnrC was not identified in any isolate. Another 6(13.33%) possessed both qnrA and qnrB genes and 5(11.11%) possessed both qnrB and qnrS. Conclusion: qnr are widely distributed worldwide. Community-acquired and nosocomial pathogens and the emergence of qnr-mediated quinolone resistance among clinical K.pneumoniae isolates are described for the first time in Iran.","PeriodicalId":14582,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44522451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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