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The thin layers of MoS₂ nanosheets possess unique optoelectronic properties. Consequently, numerous methods have been explored to fabricate uniform MoS₂ nanosheets, including chemical vapor deposition, mechanical exfoliation, and liquid-phase exfoliation. Here, we report an effective approach for synthesizing few-layer MoS₂ nanosheets by a corona discharge set-up. The number of layers and size of MoS₂ nanosheets were validated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy. The nanosheets exhibit luminescence, and a simple, fluorescent-based sensor for the detection of lead (II) is demonstrated that uses lead (II)-induced fluorescence enhancement of MoS₂ nanosheets. The sensor has a dynamic range of 0.5−9.0 µmol/L toward Pb²⁺ detection, along with selectivity for Pb²⁺ in the presence of other metal ions and common organic molecules. The sensor exhibits excellent repeatability and reproducibility, making it an ideal candidate for practical applications in environmental monitoring. Hence this study not only paves the way for new methods to be developed in the future for producing fluorescent multilayer transition metal dichalcogenides with high quantum yields but also offers a flexible and long-lasting sensing platform.

Achieving selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL) is a crucial yet challenging task due to the presence of easily hydrogenated CC and CO bonds in the CAL molecule. In this work, we report that Pt catalysts supported by surface-oxidated SiC show enhanced catalytic performance for the CAL hydrogenation. Notably, the HNO₃-treated SiC-supported Pt shows the best catalytic performance. Further investigations reveal that the SiC surface is presenting a micro-oxidated state by HNO₃ treatment. This is conducive to enhancing the hydrogen spillover of the catalyst surface. Additionally, this treatment altered the catalyst's hydrophobic properties, thereby boosting the adsorption of CAL. This research offers valuable insights for the design of more effective catalysts aimed at the selective hydrogenation of CAL.

X-ray crystallographic analysis unambiguously revealed the molecular conformations, packing structures, and intermolecular interactions of homo-oligopeptide foldamers constructed from achiral 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac₃c). The conformational properties of these Ac₃c homo-oligopeptides, Mts-(Ac₃c)_n-OR (Mts = 2-mesitylenesulfonyl) 1–3, enabled the formation of distorted 3₁₀-helical foldamers stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. In the crystalline state, left-handed (M), and right-handed (P) 3₁₀-helical Ac₃c foldamers assembled into linear networks through head-to-tail intermolecular hydrogen bonds. These networks were organized into two types: homochiral sequences (···M···M···M··· and ···P···P···P···) and heterochiral sequences (···M···P···M···P···).

This article presents a simple and efficient method for synthesizing the key fragment of lifitegrast, benzofuran-6-carboxylic acid. The synthetic pathway involves two key conversions such as intramolecular cross-coupling and oxidative dehydrogenation reactions to obtain the target compound. The first key reaction, the cross-coupling reaction, proceeds smoothly with the use of 1.2 equivalents of zinc dust in a dimethylacetamide medium at 60^°C. The second key reaction, the oxidative dehydrogenation of dihydrobenzofuran occurs comfortably with the catalytic amount of DDQ along with 6 equivalents of MnO₂ in a chlorbenzene medium to generate the benzofuran moiety in good yield. We also discussed in-detail about the impurity formation and its control by adjusting the pH, reagent quantity, solvent quality etc. The proposed synthetic route has been scaled up to a multi-gram scale.The proposed approach offers several advantages, including scalability and cost-effectiveness by utilizing inexpensive and readily available raw materials.

In this work, we reported the synthesis of a novel series of isatin-incorporated thiazolyl-coumarin derivatives 4(a–h) by a one-pot three-component reaction of substituted isatin, thiosemicarbazide, and 3-(2-bromoacetyl) coumarin. The structures of the coumarin-thiazole scaffolds were precisely established by their IR, NMR, and HRMS spectral data. The UV–Vis absorption study of target molecules was investigated in six different solvents. Geometrical optimization, molecular electrostatic potential regions, and quantum chemical parameters were assessed using density functional theory (DFT) to explore the electronic properties of thiazolyl-coumarin derivatives. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis; all derivatives exhibited excellent antitubercular efficacy with MIC ≤ 3.25 µg/mL; among them, 4c and 4f were the most potent with a MIC of 1.56 µg/mL. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking analyses against the enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) enzyme were conducted; all target ligands demonstrated favorable binding interactions within the active site of the InhA enzyme.

Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by the parasite Plasmodium which results in hundreds of thousands of deaths per year. The need for new drugs for the treatment of this disease is imperative as new resistant strains of Plasmodium emerge. Previously, our group reported two related series of pyrrolidine-based antimalarial compounds. While both series were found to be orally efficacious in a mouse infection model, some analogues also showed modest affinities for the hERG ion channel. Herein, we describe the attempted synthesis of β-fluoro substituted pyrrolidine analogues of both chemotypes. In this work, we observed position-dependent chemical instability of fluorine on the pyrrolidine ring. β-fluoro substituted pyrrolidine (±)-3 was tested in the P. falciparum 3D7 assay and showed a 40-fold loss of anti-Plasmodium potency with little change in weak hERG affinity at 10 µM. In an effort to expand the utility of this work, pyrrolidine (±)-1 and fluoropyrrolidine (±)-3 were also tested against the related apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum which causes cryptosporidiosis. Both compounds showed modest potency (EC₅₀ = 10 µM and 12 µM, respectively), implying this series could be further optimized for treatment for cryptosporidiosis.

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are synthetic phenolic antioxidants widely used as additives in the food industry. In this context, beta-cyclodextrin (βCD) appears as a suitable encapsulating agent due to its bioavailability, water solubility, and high efficacy in incorporating phenolic compounds. The inclusion complexes (ICs) are prepared via the co-precipitation method, followed by freeze-drying. ¹H NMR and FTIR are used to confirm the formation of the ICs. Molecular modeling, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, is conducted to investigate the interactions involved in the ICs and their thermodynamic stability, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of the inclusion complexes on antioxidant efficacy is evaluated through the scavenging capacity of DPPH. The spectroscopic methods confirmed that BHT and BHA are successfully incorporated into βCD. Molecular docking revealed the formation of hydrogen bonds, with binding energies of −5.76 and −5.16 kcal mol⁻¹ for BHT/βCD and BHA/βCD, respectively. After performing MD simulations for 100 ns, both ICs demonstrated a high degree of stability over time. The DPPH assay showed an increase in antioxidant ability for BHT (IC₅₀ decreased from 68.82 to 53.32 µg mL⁻¹) but a decrease in efficiency for BHA (IC₅₀ increased from 451.25 to 598.36 µg mL⁻¹).

Heterocyclic scaffolds with nitrogen atoms play a crucial role in biology and material science. 1,2,3-Triazole containing push-pull chromophores were tethered to aryl acetamides and studied for photoelectrochemical properties. The desired compounds were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution of 2-chloro-N-aryl acetamides with azide followed by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with malononitrile in the presence of a base under eco-friendly, one-pot reaction condition which avoids the isolation of the hazardous intermediate. The reaction condition tolerates a wide range of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing functional groups on the aryl ring with good yields, short reaction time and ease of operation. The oxidation potential and photocurrent measurements indicated that the presence of the electron-withdrawing substituents afforded better results with a lower oxidation potential and higher photocurrent.

This work aims to design and develop friendly multifunctional heat stabilizers with sterilization, and lubrication for widely used polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Herein, a novel multifunctional antimicrobial thermal stabilizer, mannitol fumarate ester-based lanthanum alkoxide (MFE-La) was successfully obtained, and fully characterized. The thermal stability and processing performance of PVC were evaluated via antibacterial, hemolysis study, conductivity measurement, thermal aging, torque rheology experiments, and the mechanical tensile test. Antibacterial experiments showed that MFE-La has a bactericidal rate of more than 99% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; and antifungal experiment results also showed that MFE-La also provides the possibility of antifungal effects on PVC. The hemolysis experiment results showed that the hemolysis rate of MFE-La on red blood cells is about 4%. In addition, oven aging, conductivity, and UV–vis spectra measurement verified that MFE-La can significantly improve the initial and long-term thermal stability of PVC. Mechanistic studies showed that MFE-La has a good ability to absorb HCl and replace allyl chloride. The mechanical tensile test on the tensile strength of PVC showed that the elongation at break of PVC after adding MFE-La is significantly increased, indicating that MFE-La can improve the softness and elasticity of PVC. Torque rheology experiments verified that MFE-La has good plasticizing properties and lubrication properties. MFE-La has multiple functions such as retarding PVC thermal degradation, lubrication, plasticization, and sterilization, and has considerable potential in medical supplies and biomedicine application prospects.

This study investigates cinnabar (HgS) as a material for self-powered electrochemical photodetection, addressing the challenges of high-power consumption and inefficient charge transfer in conventional photodetectors. Current photodetector technologies often rely on external biasing, which limits their energy efficiency and applicability in remote sensing. In contrast, this work demonstrates that cinnabar-based devices exhibit self-powered functionality, eliminating the need for external power sources. Characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction and optical response measurements reveal high crystallinity, a hexagonal crystal structure, and a UV–visible absorption with a 2 eV band gap making cinnabar a strong light-harvesting material. Photoluminescence analysis shows near-white light emission, enhancing its potential in optical sensing. Thermogravimetric analysis highlights phase transitions from αHgS to βHgS, indicating thermal stability crucial for long-term device performance. Electrochemical tests including cyclic voltammetry, confirm efficient charge transfer which is essential for photodetection. Notably, cinnabar-based photodetectors exhibit self-powered operation with optimal photocurrent at 0 V bias, demonstrating rapid response, high responsivity, and enhanced stability. These results position cinnabar as a promising material for energy-efficient, next generation photodetection technologies, with potential applications in imaging, sensing, and optical communication.