ChemistrySelect最新文献

In this study, we report the synthesis and anticancer activities of new ruthenium complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, which are of great significance for drug delivery research. For this reason, 4-methylsulfonylbenzyl-substituted benzimidazole-functionalized Ru(II)NHC complexes were synthesized in our research. The characterization of these new complexes were performed using appropriate spectroscopic methods (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and FT-IR) and elemental analysis techniques. The crystal structure of complex 1c was obtained using single crystal X-ray diffraction. MTT method was used to understand in vitro anticancer activities of the complexes against MCF-7 (breast cancer), HCT-116 (colon cancer), SH-SY5Y (brain cancer), and HeLa (cervical cancer) cell lines. Based on the IC₅₀ values determined by MTT assay, the most effective complex was identified as 1h. DNA binding analyses were carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis, revealing that 1h weakly interacted with DNA. Additionally, the effects of 1h on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell line were examined using flow cytometry. The results indicated that 1h induced G0/G1 phase accumulation and increased apoptotic cell death. These findings suggest that the synthesized complex 1h has a significant anticancer potential.

The development of innovative cancer therapies remains a critical priority, particularly those targeting angiogenesis—a key driver of tumor growth and metastasis. This study introduces bevacizumab-loaded nanoflowers (Beva-NF) as a novel strategy to enhance the anti-VEGF activity of bevacizumab through a targeted nanostructure-based delivery system. Beva-NFs were synthesized using a modified one-pot method and characterized via SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and histogram analysis confirming their morphology, composition, and successful drug integration. To evaluate their anti-angiogenic potential, we employed the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, an alternative in vivo model. Beva-NF treatment significantly reduced neovascularization compared to free Beva. At 0.125 mg/mL, Beva-NF decreased total vessel length by 52%, vessel area by 48%, and branching points by 55% relative to control (p < 0.05), whereas free Beva at the same dose reduced these parameters by 28%, 25%, and 31%, respectively (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that embedding bevacizumab into nanoflowers (NF) enhances its anti-angiogenic activity in the CAM model. While the findings suggest that nanostructure-based presentation may improve the local biological performance of bevacizumab, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay does not permit conclusions regarding clinical efficacy. Further in vivo studies are required to assess systemic safety, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic relevance. Overall, this work highlights the preclinical potential of NF-mediated antibody delivery for future exploration in nanomedicine.

This investigation focuses on optimizing ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) utilizing cellulase enzyme for oil recovery from Moringa oleifera seeds. The optimization protocol evaluated the influence of three critical process parameters: ultrasonic amplitude (20%–60%), incubation duration (1–2 h), and particle size distribution (0.3–2.36 mm), through the implementation of a central composite design methodology. The optimal conditions achieved were 20% ultrasonic amplitude, a 1 h incubation time, and a particle size of 0.3 mm, resulting in a yield of 35.81%. SEM revealed the structural disruption of seed cells caused by ultrasound and cellulase treatment, highlighting the enhanced oil release capability of UAEE. The extract was analyzed for phenolic content, antioxidant activities, and physicochemical properties. Analyses conducted using GC-MS and FTIR techniques revealed a wide array of bioactive compounds, prominently featuring monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) such as oleic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, and trans-13-octadecenoic acid. These fatty acids are noted for their considerable pharmacological potentials, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. This study aims to optimize the extraction of oil from M. oleifera seeds for potential applications in the food industry while also exploring the therapeutic properties highlighted in contemporary scientific literature.

Erythritol (ER) exhibits competitive advantages for medium-low temperature thermal energy storage due to its high melting enthalpy (340–360 J/g), low cost, and appropriate phase transition temperature. Compounding with high thermal conductivity carbon materials is effective in overcoming the low thermal conductivity of the phase change materials (PCMs). This study aims to enhance the thermal conductivity and encapsulation performance of PCMs by improving the compatibility between expanded graphite (EG) and ER. The results demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide oxidation introduces oxygen-containing functional groups on EG surfaces, enhancing the affinity between hydrophilic EG (HEG), and ER. The thermal conductivity of the HEG-ER composites PCMs containing 1–5 wt % HEG reached 2.584–5.824 W/m·K, showing a 4.998% improvement at least compared to the EG-ER composites at equivalent EG loadings. After heating for 60 min, the leakage rates for HEG-ER composite PCMs containing 1–5 wt % HEG were 4.719%–0.802%, compared with the EG-ER composite PCMs with the same quality fraction of EG, the maximum reduction is 54.393%. The melting enthalpy of HEG-ER remained above 320 J/g, exhibiting excellent stability after 100 thermal cycles. This study provides a theoretical guidance for the development of sugar alcohol-based PCMs with high thermal conductivity and encapsulation performance.

Benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) are aromatic hydrocarbons found in heavy naphtha that must be removed to improve heat efficiency and prevent fouling of the cracker in petrochemical plants. This paper investigates the extraction capabilities of an ionic liquid, such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tosylate ([Bmim][Tos]), as a potential renewable solvent to replace traditional solvents like furfural. The effects of key operating parameters on BTX extraction—including solvent-to-feed ratios (0.5 to 1.5), mixing speeds (200 to 1000 rpm), and mixing times (1 to 3 h)—were assessed using a Box-Behnken response surface methodology to determine their overall influence on Removal Efficiency and the Distribution Coefficient during extraction from heavy naphtha. Experimental results showed that [Bmim][Tos] outperformed furfural across all conditions. Under optimal conditions (S/F = 1.5, 1000 rpm, 2 h), [Bmim][Tos] achieved maximum removal efficiencies of 67.05% benzene, 55.66% toluene, and 42.72% xylene, with an overall BTX Removal Efficiency of 55.14%. The distribution coefficients were 2.03 (benzene), 1.26 (toluene), and 0.75 (xylene), resulting in a total BTX Distribution Coefficient of 1.34. In comparison, furfural removed 65.50% benzene, 59.21% toluene, and 39.23% xylene, with a total BTX removal of 51.84% and a Distribution Coefficient of 1.16. The selectivity followed the order benzene > toluene > xylene, influenced by π-π interactions and steric effects. Although the effects of mixing speed and time were moderate, the solvent-to-feed ratio was identified as the most significant parameter. These findings suggest that [Bmim][Tos] is a safer and more sustainable alternative to furfural for aromatic extraction, owing to its higher selectivity, lower volatility, and recyclability, making it a promising option for environmentally friendly industrial separation processes.

Photogalvanic cells are one of the solar cells that are capable of solar energy conversion with simultaneous power storage. There are mainly four main components (like alkali, reductant, surfactant, and photosensitizer) required for the fabrication of photogalvanic cells. In this study, the NaHCO₃ (called baking soda, a safe, cheap, and easily available alkali) has been used as alkali material. The NaOH has been largely used in photogalvanics with good electrical output. But its short shelf life, corrosive nature, and high cost are some of the hurdles preventing its sustainable use in solar energy conversion through photogalvanic cells. The NaHCO₃ is characterized by its solubility in safe solvent (i.e., water, solubility 96 g/L at 20°C), longer shelf life, and dissociation constant (0.220 × 10⁻⁷). The pH of fresh 0.1 M aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ is 8.3 at 25°C. In the present study, the NaHCO₃ alkali has been exploited with ascorbic acid (AA) reductant, cetrimonium bromide surfactant, and Sunset Yellow FCF (SY) photosensitizer for solar energy conversion and storage through the photogalvanic cells. The observed optimum cell performance for AA-CTAB-SY-NaHCO₃ electrolyte in cylindrical cell photogalvanic system is as potential 352 mV, current 28 µA, power 2.376 µW, FF 0.24, and efficiency 0.09%.

Diabetes mellitus is a progression involves worsening insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, culminating in severe metabolic complications. In this work, chalcone-based aryloxyethylamines were synthesized and evaluated for their antihyperglycemic activity using glucose tolerance test (GTT) and STZ-induced DM rat models. Compounds 12, 10, 8, 7, 5, and 3 exhibited moderate to good anti-DM activity ranging from 18.5% to 39.8% in GTT and 11.6% to 28.3% in STZ in vivo models. The most promising compounds 10 and 12 exhibited 31.1% and 39.8% glucose lowering in GTT and 28.3% and 22.9% in STZ-induced DM rat model, respectively. Molecular docking for β3-AR revealed strong binding affinity of the identified compounds to β3-AR, with docking scores in the range of −7.8 to −8.9 kcal/mol and comparable to co-crystallized ligand carazolol. Key interactions included hydrogen bonds with Asn312 and hydrophobic contacts with Val118, Val121, and Phe309. The most promising compound 10 and 12 displayed the binding score of −8.9 and −8.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding mode analysis showed that carbonyl oxygen of 10 and 12 displayed hydrogen bond with Asn312, in addition to hydrogen bond with Ser209 in 10. Further, ring A of 10 and 12 occupied the aromatic hydrophobic core created by residues Phe308, Phe309, Val118, and Val121. The ethylamine side chain on ring B of 10 displayed hydrophobic interactions with Val205, Ala316, and Arg315, while ring B itself engages in a carbon hydrogen bond with Tyr204. The ethylamine side chain of 12 displayed carbon hydrogen bond with Asn332. Overall, the work resulted in the identification of 10 and 12 as potential β3-AR binders.

A highly efficient and amine-catalyzed method for the regioselective synthesis of mono- and di-styryl nicotinonitrile, has been developed through a one-pot reaction of 2-mercapto-3-cyano-4,6-dimethylpyridine, aromatic aldehydes under mild conditions. A series of organic bases, including piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, diethyl amine, and triethylamine, were screened to optimize catalytic efficiency, along with variations in solvent and reaction time. Among the tested conditions, piperidine in ethanol under reflux provided the highest yield and operational simplicity for delivering mono-styryl nicotinonitrile, whereas pyrrolidine in methanol acts as the best conditions for synthesis of di-styryl nicotinonitrile. The optimized protocol tolerates a wide range of aromatic aldehydes bearing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents, affording the desired products in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, the photophysical properties of some selected products were studied. This method offers a straightforward, metal-free, and atom-economical approach to access functionalized nicotinonitrile derivatives with excellent regioselectivity by alteration of the amine catalyst and solvent.

In this study, the synthesis of new chromenopyrimidinebenzene sulfonate derivatives was investigated. The first step of the reaction involved using 4-hydroxy or 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-toluene or benzene sulfonyl chloride, and DABCO in acetonitrile to produce 2-formylphenylbenzene (p-tolyl)sulfonate derivatives. Subsequently, these derivatives were reacted with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, ethyl cyanoacetate, and ammonium acetate in a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride:urea) to synthesize chromenopyrimidine derivatives. Finally, by reacting the chromenopyrimidine derivatives with p-toluene or benzenesulfonyl chloride in DABCO in DMF at room temperature, new chromenopyrimidinebenzene sulfonate derivatives were obtained. Chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 4a and its benzenesulfonate esters 5a–5e were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Compound 4a showed strong broad-spectrum activity. Compound 5d containing p-tolyl sulfonate exhibited the highest potency against E. coli due to improved membrane permeability, while 5e was less active. Compounds 4a and 5d were identified as lead candidates for further optimization.