Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.219
Kazunori Asai, Hideo Katsuta, M. Morishita, K. Takayama, T. Nagai
A new method for the analysis of pheytoin (DPH) and carbamazepine (CBZ) in human serum described. The method involves extraction of DPH and CBZ from serum by re-used solidphase extraction (SPE) column prior to a semi-micro high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The chromatography for the analysis of DPH at a level of 20μg/mL was complete in 5 using a semi-micro column (C 18, 2.0mm i.d.×15cm). The sensitivity of the analysis was 3.97-fold higher than that for conventional HPLC. DPH and CBZ were extracted from serum using commercially available SPE column (Isolute C 18), and analytical recovery rate of DPH and CBZ which were added to the serum (50μL) at 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0μg/mL, ranged from 83.5 to 94.0% and from 86.7 to 117.1%, respectively. Excellent recovery rates of DPH and CBZ in the serum were also obtained when the same SPE column was re-used over 30-times, protein and/or albumin hardly remained in the solid-phase of the re-used SPE column. There results indicate that this new method could reduce both the time need to perform each analysis the amount of sample needed due to high sensitivity. In addition, the method also demonstrated a good cost performance. Thus, the method might be highly useful to support drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies.
{"title":"Usefulness of Semi-Micro High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Solid-Phase Extraction in Analysis of Serum Drug Concentration.","authors":"Kazunori Asai, Hideo Katsuta, M. Morishita, K. Takayama, T. Nagai","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.219","url":null,"abstract":"A new method for the analysis of pheytoin (DPH) and carbamazepine (CBZ) in human serum described. The method involves extraction of DPH and CBZ from serum by re-used solidphase extraction (SPE) column prior to a semi-micro high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The chromatography for the analysis of DPH at a level of 20μg/mL was complete in 5 using a semi-micro column (C 18, 2.0mm i.d.×15cm). The sensitivity of the analysis was 3.97-fold higher than that for conventional HPLC. DPH and CBZ were extracted from serum using commercially available SPE column (Isolute C 18), and analytical recovery rate of DPH and CBZ which were added to the serum (50μL) at 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0μg/mL, ranged from 83.5 to 94.0% and from 86.7 to 117.1%, respectively. Excellent recovery rates of DPH and CBZ in the serum were also obtained when the same SPE column was re-used over 30-times, protein and/or albumin hardly remained in the solid-phase of the re-used SPE column. There results indicate that this new method could reduce both the time need to perform each analysis the amount of sample needed due to high sensitivity. In addition, the method also demonstrated a good cost performance. Thus, the method might be highly useful to support drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"5 1","pages":"219-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86688924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.36
M. Nakashima, Masayo Yoshida, Masako Tsurumaru, M. Ogasawara, H. Sasaki, M. Ichikawa
We conducted training in communication skills as part of the pharmaceutical care training for graduate students studying at the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University. In this study, we made a questionnaire survey of the graduate students' views on this pharmaceutical care training program. The results showed that almost all students found the communication skills training to be useful in helping (simulated) patients to comply with instructions. This communication skills training is thus considered to be useful for improving pharmaceutical care training for graduate students training to become hospital pharmacist's section.
{"title":"Introduction and Evaluation of Communication Skill Practice as Pharmaceutical Care Training for Pharmaceutical Graduate Students in the Program as Part of the Hospital Pharmacy Course.","authors":"M. Nakashima, Masayo Yoshida, Masako Tsurumaru, M. Ogasawara, H. Sasaki, M. Ichikawa","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.36","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted training in communication skills as part of the pharmaceutical care training for graduate students studying at the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University. In this study, we made a questionnaire survey of the graduate students' views on this pharmaceutical care training program. The results showed that almost all students found the communication skills training to be useful in helping (simulated) patients to comply with instructions. This communication skills training is thus considered to be useful for improving pharmaceutical care training for graduate students training to become hospital pharmacist's section.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"PP 1","pages":"36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84359484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.329
Kaori Tsubone, H. Yoshida, Yasuaki Ohtsubo, T. Ishimitsu, A. Kamiya
To reduce the time and cost needed to make hospital preparations, an automatic dispensing device to prepare disinfectants was developed. We prepared 200 bottles of disinfectant (500 mL) containing 7% ethanol and 0.1% benzalkonium chloride with an automatic device and 200 bottles using the manual process, and then randomly selected preparations were evaluated concerning variations in drug concentrations, stability for long periods and preparation cost. The variations in the drug concentrations in the preparations made with the device were narrower than those observed when using with the manual process. Although the volume of the preparations with the device was less than that when using the manual process, the variation range in the volume in both preparations was similar. Both preparations were stable for 4.5 months at room temperature. The preparation time and cost using the device was about half of that when using the manual process. These results indicate that our automatic dispensing device was found to be very useful in preparing disinfectants.
{"title":"Evaluation of an Automatic Dispensing Device to Prepare Disinfectants.","authors":"Kaori Tsubone, H. Yoshida, Yasuaki Ohtsubo, T. Ishimitsu, A. Kamiya","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.329","url":null,"abstract":"To reduce the time and cost needed to make hospital preparations, an automatic dispensing device to prepare disinfectants was developed. We prepared 200 bottles of disinfectant (500 mL) containing 7% ethanol and 0.1% benzalkonium chloride with an automatic device and 200 bottles using the manual process, and then randomly selected preparations were evaluated concerning variations in drug concentrations, stability for long periods and preparation cost. The variations in the drug concentrations in the preparations made with the device were narrower than those observed when using with the manual process. Although the volume of the preparations with the device was less than that when using the manual process, the variation range in the volume in both preparations was similar. Both preparations were stable for 4.5 months at room temperature. The preparation time and cost using the device was about half of that when using the manual process. These results indicate that our automatic dispensing device was found to be very useful in preparing disinfectants.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"62 1","pages":"329-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74359139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.171
Y. Mimaki, Kenya Kawakami, Chieko Imanaka, K. Suemaru, R. Taniguchi, Kazuhide Watanabe, H. Araki, Y. Gomita
The influences of both the mixing ratios of Witepsol as a lipophilic base and the temperature on the drug release from the zonisamide suppositories was investigated. Mixed types of zonisamide suppositories consisting of Witepsol H-15 (H) and Witepsol S-55 (S) as a lipophilic base were prepared and the release of zonisamide from a suppository was determined using the dissolution apparatus in Paddle method of JPX III. The release rate of zonisamide from the Witepsol (H: S=4: 1) suppository and Witepsol (H: S=3: 1) suppository at 4 hours after start of the release test were 66.6% and 56.5%, respectively. The former was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the latter. The release volume and mean dissolution time (MDT) of zonisamide from a suppository increased and decreased, respectively, according to the high mixing ratio of Witepsol H 15.The effect of low temperature (32 and 34°C) on drug release from the zonisamide suppositories was also studied using artificial membranes. The drug release properties were changed according to the mixing ratios of the two lipophilic bases and the temperature of the fluid tested. At a low temperature, the amount of released zonisamide correlated with the ratio of Witepsol S 55 in the suppository. However, the amount of the drug released from the zonisamide suppositories decreased at temperatures lower than normal body temperature. These results indicate that the ratio of Witepsol H 15 and Witepsol S 55 in suppositories was important while the temperature also influence drug absorption from the rectum with zonisamide suppositories.
{"title":"The Effect of the Mixed Witepsol Base on the Drug Release from the Zonisamide Suppository.","authors":"Y. Mimaki, Kenya Kawakami, Chieko Imanaka, K. Suemaru, R. Taniguchi, Kazuhide Watanabe, H. Araki, Y. Gomita","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.171","url":null,"abstract":"The influences of both the mixing ratios of Witepsol as a lipophilic base and the temperature on the drug release from the zonisamide suppositories was investigated. Mixed types of zonisamide suppositories consisting of Witepsol H-15 (H) and Witepsol S-55 (S) as a lipophilic base were prepared and the release of zonisamide from a suppository was determined using the dissolution apparatus in Paddle method of JPX III. The release rate of zonisamide from the Witepsol (H: S=4: 1) suppository and Witepsol (H: S=3: 1) suppository at 4 hours after start of the release test were 66.6% and 56.5%, respectively. The former was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the latter. The release volume and mean dissolution time (MDT) of zonisamide from a suppository increased and decreased, respectively, according to the high mixing ratio of Witepsol H 15.The effect of low temperature (32 and 34°C) on drug release from the zonisamide suppositories was also studied using artificial membranes. The drug release properties were changed according to the mixing ratios of the two lipophilic bases and the temperature of the fluid tested. At a low temperature, the amount of released zonisamide correlated with the ratio of Witepsol S 55 in the suppository. However, the amount of the drug released from the zonisamide suppositories decreased at temperatures lower than normal body temperature. These results indicate that the ratio of Witepsol H 15 and Witepsol S 55 in suppositories was important while the temperature also influence drug absorption from the rectum with zonisamide suppositories.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"147 1","pages":"171-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80604106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.335
T. Yae, Emiko Yae, Shiori Kishita, S. Beppu, Yumiko Tanaka, Motoki Kamura, H. Araki, Y. Gomita
( Received September 27, 1999 Accepted March 6, 2000 ) The purpose of this report is to clarify the relationship between the dosage of furosemide and the occurrence of hyperuricemia. 59 patients with heart failure who were treated with furosemide were analyzed retrospectively. We defined hyperuricemia to be more than 7.0mg/dL in males and 5.5mg/dL in females. Any patients with renal failure, gout, diabetes mellitus and an abnormal purine-metabolism were excluded from this investigation. The frequency of hyperuricemia was 78.0% in the 59 patients receiving furosemide. The incidence of hyperuricemia due to furosemide medication was as follows: 80% in the 20mg treated group (n=10); 81.5% in the 40mg treated group (n=27); 100% in the 60mg treated group (n =2); and 100% in the 80mg treated group (n=14) . Furthermore, in the groups receiving 20 mg, 40mg and 80mg of furosemide, the average doses of allopurinol (urate synthesis inhibitor) were 50.0•}16.7mg (mean•}SE, n=10), 88.5•}15.0mg (mean•}SE, n=26) and 130.2•}26.0mg (mean•}SE, n=10), respectively. These results indirectly suggest that the increases in the amount of furosemide correlated with the serum urate level. In conclusion, to avoid hyperuricemia, the serum urate levels should be carefully checked in
{"title":"The Relationship between the Dosage of Furosemide and the Occurrence of Hyperuricemia in the Patients with Heart Failure.","authors":"T. Yae, Emiko Yae, Shiori Kishita, S. Beppu, Yumiko Tanaka, Motoki Kamura, H. Araki, Y. Gomita","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.335","url":null,"abstract":"( Received September 27, 1999 Accepted March 6, 2000 ) The purpose of this report is to clarify the relationship between the dosage of furosemide and the occurrence of hyperuricemia. 59 patients with heart failure who were treated with furosemide were analyzed retrospectively. We defined hyperuricemia to be more than 7.0mg/dL in males and 5.5mg/dL in females. Any patients with renal failure, gout, diabetes mellitus and an abnormal purine-metabolism were excluded from this investigation. The frequency of hyperuricemia was 78.0% in the 59 patients receiving furosemide. The incidence of hyperuricemia due to furosemide medication was as follows: 80% in the 20mg treated group (n=10); 81.5% in the 40mg treated group (n=27); 100% in the 60mg treated group (n =2); and 100% in the 80mg treated group (n=14) . Furthermore, in the groups receiving 20 mg, 40mg and 80mg of furosemide, the average doses of allopurinol (urate synthesis inhibitor) were 50.0•}16.7mg (mean•}SE, n=10), 88.5•}15.0mg (mean•}SE, n=26) and 130.2•}26.0mg (mean•}SE, n=10), respectively. These results indirectly suggest that the increases in the amount of furosemide correlated with the serum urate level. In conclusion, to avoid hyperuricemia, the serum urate levels should be carefully checked in","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"130 1","pages":"335-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86375825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.584
H. Sasaki, Tohru Asayama, Saburo Kanai, M. Kurokawa, Y. Miyashita, K. Shirai
The effects of an α-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose on serum lipoproteins as well as hemoglobin A1c were studied in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Furthermore, the improving rates of hemoglobin A1c and serum lipoproteins were compared between the patients with and those without patient-counseling by a pharmacist.Acarbose was administered to 55 poor control type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for 4 months. Overall, the level of HbA1c was reduced by 1.55%. The reduction in patients with patient counseling (PC, n=17) was 2.1% while that in patients without such counseling (non-PC, n=38) was 1.05%(p<0.01). Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were reduced in total by 7.7%, 21.8%, respectively, but the rate of decrease was significantly larger in PC than in non-PC patients (8.8% vs 5.3% for total cholesterol, 29.3% vs 10.1% for triglyceride, both p< 0.001). The Midband, which migrated between VLDL and LDL on polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis disappeared in 45% of the patients, and the Midband of PC disappeared in 60% of the patients, whereas the same rate for non-PC was 35%.These results suggested that the delayed glucose absorption by acarbose in type 2 diabetes mellitus improved the serum lipoproteins as well as the blood glucose level, and that patient counseling by a pharmacist significantly improved the efficacy of this agent.
研究α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂阿卡波糖对2型糖尿病患者血脂及糖化血红蛋白的影响。此外，比较有和没有药师辅导的患者的糖化血红蛋白和血清脂蛋白的改善率。对55例控制不良的2型糖尿病患者给予阿卡波糖治疗4个月。总体而言，HbA1c水平降低了1.55%。接受患者心理咨询的患者(PC, n=17)降低了2.1%，未接受患者心理咨询的患者(n =38)降低了1.05%(p<0.01)。总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平分别降低了7.7%和21.8%，但PC患者的下降率明显高于非PC患者(总胆固醇8.8% vs 5.3%，甘油三酯29.3% vs 10.1%， p均< 0.001)。在聚丙烯酰胺圆盘电泳中，在VLDL和LDL之间迁移的Midband在45%的患者中消失，PC的Midband在60%的患者中消失，而非PC的发生率为35%。提示2型糖尿病阿卡波糖延迟葡萄糖吸收可改善血清脂蛋白及血糖水平，药师对患者的疏导可显著提高阿卡波糖的疗效。
{"title":"Effect of Acarbose on the Lipoprotein Metabolism of Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Patient Counseling.","authors":"H. Sasaki, Tohru Asayama, Saburo Kanai, M. Kurokawa, Y. Miyashita, K. Shirai","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.584","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of an α-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose on serum lipoproteins as well as hemoglobin A1c were studied in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Furthermore, the improving rates of hemoglobin A1c and serum lipoproteins were compared between the patients with and those without patient-counseling by a pharmacist.Acarbose was administered to 55 poor control type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for 4 months. Overall, the level of HbA1c was reduced by 1.55%. The reduction in patients with patient counseling (PC, n=17) was 2.1% while that in patients without such counseling (non-PC, n=38) was 1.05%(p<0.01). Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were reduced in total by 7.7%, 21.8%, respectively, but the rate of decrease was significantly larger in PC than in non-PC patients (8.8% vs 5.3% for total cholesterol, 29.3% vs 10.1% for triglyceride, both p< 0.001). The Midband, which migrated between VLDL and LDL on polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis disappeared in 45% of the patients, and the Midband of PC disappeared in 60% of the patients, whereas the same rate for non-PC was 35%.These results suggested that the delayed glucose absorption by acarbose in type 2 diabetes mellitus improved the serum lipoproteins as well as the blood glucose level, and that patient counseling by a pharmacist significantly improved the efficacy of this agent.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"115 1","pages":"584-591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79358013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.451
Mayumi Kioka, Hajime Tanaka, N. Kubo, Y. Nakai
A 55-year-old woman is described whose serum calcium and phosphorus levels had to be controlled by the administration of calcium salts due to the absence of normal parathormore secretion after the removal of her thyroid gland. After the operation, the serum calcium levels were well controlled by the administration of calcium carbonate and alfacalcidol. However, after the added administration of famotidine, the serum calcium level decreased within a few days, and the appearance of tetania was observed. As a result, the daily dosage of calcium carbonate and alfacalsidol were increased, however the serum calcium level still did not improve. When the administration of famotidine was stopped, however, the tetania was disappeared and the serum calcium level increased. The findings of this case suggest that the calcium carbonate became insoluble in water due to an increase in the intragastric pH level caused by the addition of famotidine, which led to a decrease in calcium absorption from the small intestine.
{"title":"Malabsorption of Calcium Due to the Increase of Intragastric pH Caused by Coadministration Famotidine.","authors":"Mayumi Kioka, Hajime Tanaka, N. Kubo, Y. Nakai","doi":"10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.451","url":null,"abstract":"A 55-year-old woman is described whose serum calcium and phosphorus levels had to be controlled by the administration of calcium salts due to the absence of normal parathormore secretion after the removal of her thyroid gland. After the operation, the serum calcium levels were well controlled by the administration of calcium carbonate and alfacalcidol. However, after the added administration of famotidine, the serum calcium level decreased within a few days, and the appearance of tetania was observed. As a result, the daily dosage of calcium carbonate and alfacalsidol were increased, however the serum calcium level still did not improve. When the administration of famotidine was stopped, however, the tetania was disappeared and the serum calcium level increased. The findings of this case suggest that the calcium carbonate became insoluble in water due to an increase in the intragastric pH level caused by the addition of famotidine, which led to a decrease in calcium absorption from the small intestine.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"62 1","pages":"451-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86370407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.339
T. Hanawa, T. Ohta, T. Tsuchiya, R. Ikoma, Tomomi Uchida, F. Kimura, Masahiko Suzuki, S. Nakajima
( Received October 15, 1999 Accepted March 10, 2000 ) The hygroscopicity of the contents of clorazepate dipotassium (Mendon(R)) capsule (CM) divided in packages made of polyethylene laminated glassine was investigated by storing the capsules at various relative humidities (RHs). The CM capsules were found to significantly absorb water vapor at an RH of more than 61.5%. The hygroscopicity of CM decreased after placing the CM capsules into air-tight containers, e.g., polyethylene laminated glassine. At the same time, a marked discoloration of CM was also observed during storage, in which the color changed from white to yellow. The discoloration of the CM capsules accelerated at high RH levels and after expose to fluorescent light. As a result, when Mendon(R) capsules must be prepared in a powdered dosage form, CM should be stored below an RH of 31.3% and be protected from light to avoid any adsorption of water vapor and/or discoloration.
{"title":"Stability of the Powdered Dosage Form Prepared by Unsealing the Capsules. II. Investigation of Hygroscopicity and Discoloration of the Powdery Contents of Clorazepate Dipotassium Capsule.","authors":"T. Hanawa, T. Ohta, T. Tsuchiya, R. Ikoma, Tomomi Uchida, F. Kimura, Masahiko Suzuki, S. Nakajima","doi":"10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.339","url":null,"abstract":"( Received October 15, 1999 Accepted March 10, 2000 ) The hygroscopicity of the contents of clorazepate dipotassium (Mendon(R)) capsule (CM) divided in packages made of polyethylene laminated glassine was investigated by storing the capsules at various relative humidities (RHs). The CM capsules were found to significantly absorb water vapor at an RH of more than 61.5%. The hygroscopicity of CM decreased after placing the CM capsules into air-tight containers, e.g., polyethylene laminated glassine. At the same time, a marked discoloration of CM was also observed during storage, in which the color changed from white to yellow. The discoloration of the CM capsules accelerated at high RH levels and after expose to fluorescent light. As a result, when Mendon(R) capsules must be prepared in a powdered dosage form, CM should be stored below an RH of 31.3% and be protected from light to avoid any adsorption of water vapor and/or discoloration.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"43 1","pages":"339-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90166459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.110
K. Makino, Y. Matsunaga, Y. Nakao, Y. Kataoka, R. Oishi
A 2-year and 5-month old male child was admitted to our hospital, deu to signs of antiepileptic drug intoxication. He had been administered zonisamide and valproic acid for the treatment of epilepsy. One day after taking the medicines prepared in an outside pharmacy according to the doctor's prescription, he showed ataxia. The serum valproic acid concentration was within the normal therapeutic range, when measured using the fluorescence polarization immunoassay method (FPIA). We assayed the zonisamide concentration in patient serum using the capillary electrophoresis method. The peak of zonisamide was very low, but another extremely high peak was found. This peak was identified as phenytoin based on the migration time and absorption spectrum. We therefore concluded that the patient fell into phenytoin intoxication by taking a large amount of phenytoin that had been incorrectly prepared. The capillary electrophoresis method appears to be useful for therapeutic drug monitoring, especially in drug intoxication, because of its specificity of separation, simultaneous determination, speed of analysis, and small injection volume.
{"title":"A Case Report of Phenytoin Intoxication Identified with Capillary Electrophoresis.","authors":"K. Makino, Y. Matsunaga, Y. Nakao, Y. Kataoka, R. Oishi","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.110","url":null,"abstract":"A 2-year and 5-month old male child was admitted to our hospital, deu to signs of antiepileptic drug intoxication. He had been administered zonisamide and valproic acid for the treatment of epilepsy. One day after taking the medicines prepared in an outside pharmacy according to the doctor's prescription, he showed ataxia. The serum valproic acid concentration was within the normal therapeutic range, when measured using the fluorescence polarization immunoassay method (FPIA). We assayed the zonisamide concentration in patient serum using the capillary electrophoresis method. The peak of zonisamide was very low, but another extremely high peak was found. This peak was identified as phenytoin based on the migration time and absorption spectrum. We therefore concluded that the patient fell into phenytoin intoxication by taking a large amount of phenytoin that had been incorrectly prepared. The capillary electrophoresis method appears to be useful for therapeutic drug monitoring, especially in drug intoxication, because of its specificity of separation, simultaneous determination, speed of analysis, and small injection volume.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"59 1","pages":"110-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88364858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.13
K. Koyama, T. Kikuno, H. Kagami, Shinichiro Yamamoto, K. Ichikizaki, Nobuko Ogasawara, Y. Aono, N. Tamura
The serum drug concentrations in 6 cases of acute hydroxyzine intoxication patients were measured by HPLC. The patients were admitted about 1-10 hours after ingesting from 200 to 15000mg hydroxyzine. The serum hydroxyzine levels were within a range of 0.12-1.70μg/mL. The elimination half-lives were within a range of 4.7-111 hours during treating the patients by forced diuresis. The serum hydroxyzine levels associated with drowsiness was>0.51μg/mL, while that associated with vomiting was >0.51μg/mL and that with is miosis was> 1.40μg/mL. Only one fetal case was encountered. However, the fetal case could possibly have been due to trazodone rather than hydroxyzine because the concentration of hydroxyzine was 0.12μg/mL.
{"title":"Serum Hydroxyzine Concentrations and Toxic Symptom in Acute Intoxication Patients.","authors":"K. Koyama, T. Kikuno, H. Kagami, Shinichiro Yamamoto, K. Ichikizaki, Nobuko Ogasawara, Y. Aono, N. Tamura","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.13","url":null,"abstract":"The serum drug concentrations in 6 cases of acute hydroxyzine intoxication patients were measured by HPLC. The patients were admitted about 1-10 hours after ingesting from 200 to 15000mg hydroxyzine. The serum hydroxyzine levels were within a range of 0.12-1.70μg/mL. The elimination half-lives were within a range of 4.7-111 hours during treating the patients by forced diuresis. The serum hydroxyzine levels associated with drowsiness was>0.51μg/mL, while that associated with vomiting was >0.51μg/mL and that with is miosis was> 1.40μg/mL. Only one fetal case was encountered. However, the fetal case could possibly have been due to trazodone rather than hydroxyzine because the concentration of hydroxyzine was 0.12μg/mL.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"26 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82353016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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