Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.454
Moemi Saito, Machiko Watanabe, H. Ogata, K. Edo
One percentage Methylene Blue (MB) injection prepared in our hospital pharmacy has been used at concentrations of 0.05% and 0.25% for the treatment for methemoglobinemia and septic shock. In order to provide more information on “the package insert” which we have been making since 1996, we performed a pH variation test using a 1% MB injection and a stability test for 0.05% and 0.25% MB injections.The changes in MB absorbance were monitored by the UV spectrometry method. No significant changes in MB absorbance were observed either at room temperature and 40°C at 1000 Lux fluorescent light or in darkness for 48 hours, under 0.05% or 0.25% MB injection conditions. Based on these results, we were able to increase the amount of information regarding the pH variation tests and stability tests on our package insert.
{"title":"Studies on Hospital Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. (VII). The Revision of Package Insert of 1%Methylene Blue Injection on the Basis of Clinical Need.","authors":"Moemi Saito, Machiko Watanabe, H. Ogata, K. Edo","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.454","url":null,"abstract":"One percentage Methylene Blue (MB) injection prepared in our hospital pharmacy has been used at concentrations of 0.05% and 0.25% for the treatment for methemoglobinemia and septic shock. In order to provide more information on “the package insert” which we have been making since 1996, we performed a pH variation test using a 1% MB injection and a stability test for 0.05% and 0.25% MB injections.The changes in MB absorbance were monitored by the UV spectrometry method. No significant changes in MB absorbance were observed either at room temperature and 40°C at 1000 Lux fluorescent light or in darkness for 48 hours, under 0.05% or 0.25% MB injection conditions. Based on these results, we were able to increase the amount of information regarding the pH variation tests and stability tests on our package insert.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"23 1","pages":"454-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83223111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.532
T. Hanawa, K. Kawata, Rie Ueda, A. Ito, M. Ohkuma, S. Nakajima
The effect of grinding of the carbamazepine (CBZ) tablets (Tegretol® tablet; Teg-tab.) on the physicochemical properties of carbamazepine was investigated using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetric and fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric measurements. The ground samples were prepared by grinding Teg-tab. using an electrical tablet grinder or an agate mortar and pestle. There were no changes in the crystallinity of CBZ before and after grinding. In the infrared spectra of the ground sample prepared by the electrical tablet grinder, a peak shift suggesting a molecular interaction between CBZ and its excipients were observed. The dissolution rates of CBZ from the ground samples prepared by using an electrical tablet grinder were faster than those of Tegretol® fine granules or the ground samples prepared using the agate mortar and pestle. According to the measurements of the mean diameters of the ground samples, the differences in the dissolution behavior of the ground samples were due to the mean diameter of the ground samples, namely, the smaller the mean diameter by the elongation of the grinding time, the faster the CBZ dissolved. Furthermore, the dispensing characteristics of the ground samples were evaluated. As a result, the dispensing characteristics of the ground samples were observed to possibly greatly depend upon the micromeritical properties of the ground samples, such as the bulk density, compressibility and uniformity.
{"title":"Investigation of the Physicochemical Properties of Medicine in the Ground Tablets and the Evaluation for Dispensing Characteristics of Ground Tablets.","authors":"T. Hanawa, K. Kawata, Rie Ueda, A. Ito, M. Ohkuma, S. Nakajima","doi":"10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.532","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of grinding of the carbamazepine (CBZ) tablets (Tegretol® tablet; Teg-tab.) on the physicochemical properties of carbamazepine was investigated using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetric and fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric measurements. The ground samples were prepared by grinding Teg-tab. using an electrical tablet grinder or an agate mortar and pestle. There were no changes in the crystallinity of CBZ before and after grinding. In the infrared spectra of the ground sample prepared by the electrical tablet grinder, a peak shift suggesting a molecular interaction between CBZ and its excipients were observed. The dissolution rates of CBZ from the ground samples prepared by using an electrical tablet grinder were faster than those of Tegretol® fine granules or the ground samples prepared using the agate mortar and pestle. According to the measurements of the mean diameters of the ground samples, the differences in the dissolution behavior of the ground samples were due to the mean diameter of the ground samples, namely, the smaller the mean diameter by the elongation of the grinding time, the faster the CBZ dissolved. Furthermore, the dispensing characteristics of the ground samples were evaluated. As a result, the dispensing characteristics of the ground samples were observed to possibly greatly depend upon the micromeritical properties of the ground samples, such as the bulk density, compressibility and uniformity.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"532-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81019924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.116
H. Ikeda, T. Sugita, K. Miyake, E. Sato, Y. Kimura, T. Kitaura, H. Fukuchi, Y. Ikuta, K. Kihira
The effect of the dosage of methotrexate (MTX) on pharmacokinetic parameters in renal, hepatic and hematological functions were investigated. Twenty osteosarcoma patients (age: 13-53 years) received MTX infusions (dosage: 3.3-11.2g/m2) for 6 hrs. The serum MTX concentrations at 6h, 12h and 24h increased almost proportionally with the infused dose. The total serum MTX clearance and half-lives were almost constant in all the dosing ranges examined.To evaluate the relationship between the dosage and laboratory values, the patients were divided into three groups based on the MTX dosage and consisting of: low-dose (dosage: 3.3-5.2g/m2), middle-dose (dosage: 5.4-8.3g/m2), and high-dose (dosage: 9.0-11.2g/m2) groups. There was no significant difference between the renal and hematological functions before MTX infusion. In the high-dose group, significantly increased GOT and GPT values were observed on days 2 and 7, which indicate a decreased in hepatic function.In spite of the linear pharmacokinetics of MIX, a high-dose may cause remarkably nonlinear increased GOT and GPT values compared to those with low-and middle-doses.To avoid a severe adverse reaction of MTX therapy in the high-dosage group, careful monitoring of both the serum concentration of MTX and the liver functions is considered to be important after infusion.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Reaction in Methotrexate Therapy of Osteosarcoma.","authors":"H. Ikeda, T. Sugita, K. Miyake, E. Sato, Y. Kimura, T. Kitaura, H. Fukuchi, Y. Ikuta, K. Kihira","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.116","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the dosage of methotrexate (MTX) on pharmacokinetic parameters in renal, hepatic and hematological functions were investigated. Twenty osteosarcoma patients (age: 13-53 years) received MTX infusions (dosage: 3.3-11.2g/m2) for 6 hrs. The serum MTX concentrations at 6h, 12h and 24h increased almost proportionally with the infused dose. The total serum MTX clearance and half-lives were almost constant in all the dosing ranges examined.To evaluate the relationship between the dosage and laboratory values, the patients were divided into three groups based on the MTX dosage and consisting of: low-dose (dosage: 3.3-5.2g/m2), middle-dose (dosage: 5.4-8.3g/m2), and high-dose (dosage: 9.0-11.2g/m2) groups. There was no significant difference between the renal and hematological functions before MTX infusion. In the high-dose group, significantly increased GOT and GPT values were observed on days 2 and 7, which indicate a decreased in hepatic function.In spite of the linear pharmacokinetics of MIX, a high-dose may cause remarkably nonlinear increased GOT and GPT values compared to those with low-and middle-doses.To avoid a severe adverse reaction of MTX therapy in the high-dosage group, careful monitoring of both the serum concentration of MTX and the liver functions is considered to be important after infusion.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"26 1","pages":"116-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91257445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.642
T. Yae, Yumiko Tanaka, Emiko Yae, Shiori Kishita, S. Beppu, Motoki Kamura, Keigo Sakou, M. Kimura, K. Uemura
The patient was a 68-year-old woman who developed metastic lymphangitic carcinomatosis in the lung due to primary lung cancer. She was given docetaxel at a dose of 10 mg intravenously every 7 days. At cycle 9 of the chemotherapy, a small-volume extravasation of docetaxel occurred during an infusion through a percutaneously inserted peripheral intravenous line in her left hand.Thereafter, she developed edema and pain at the injection point, which almost completely resolved within 3 days. The 10 th cycle of the docetaxel was administered through the right antecubital vein without incident. However from 15-24 hours after the administration of docetaxel, edema, pain, erythema and piecing pain occurred at the site of the previous extravasation on the back of the left hand. These symptoms gradually progressed, and were more serious and extensive than previous phenomena. During the 2-month follow-up period, the symptoms have been decreasing slowly.“R adiation recall” reactions induced by docetaxel have been previously reported. However, no such “ recall” reaction after systemic re-exposure to docetaxel has ever been reported previously. Those involved in the administration of docetaxel should thus be aware of the possibility of this agent causing a “ recall” reaction at a previous extravasation site.
{"title":"A Case Report of Docetaxel-Induced Recall Reaction.","authors":"T. Yae, Yumiko Tanaka, Emiko Yae, Shiori Kishita, S. Beppu, Motoki Kamura, Keigo Sakou, M. Kimura, K. Uemura","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.642","url":null,"abstract":"The patient was a 68-year-old woman who developed metastic lymphangitic carcinomatosis in the lung due to primary lung cancer. She was given docetaxel at a dose of 10 mg intravenously every 7 days. At cycle 9 of the chemotherapy, a small-volume extravasation of docetaxel occurred during an infusion through a percutaneously inserted peripheral intravenous line in her left hand.Thereafter, she developed edema and pain at the injection point, which almost completely resolved within 3 days. The 10 th cycle of the docetaxel was administered through the right antecubital vein without incident. However from 15-24 hours after the administration of docetaxel, edema, pain, erythema and piecing pain occurred at the site of the previous extravasation on the back of the left hand. These symptoms gradually progressed, and were more serious and extensive than previous phenomena. During the 2-month follow-up period, the symptoms have been decreasing slowly.“R adiation recall” reactions induced by docetaxel have been previously reported. However, no such “ recall” reaction after systemic re-exposure to docetaxel has ever been reported previously. Those involved in the administration of docetaxel should thus be aware of the possibility of this agent causing a “ recall” reaction at a previous extravasation site.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"187 1","pages":"642-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80667763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.555
Reiko Omura, T. Aoyama, M. Sugiura, S. Hotoda, Mizuki Ito, H. Yokoyama, Y. Yamamura, K. Nakajima, Hitoshi Nakamura, Kouichi Nakamura, Hitoshi Sato, T. Iga
{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Injection-Mixing Services in the Ward by Pharmacists. (1). A Case of the Aseptic Ward for Bone Marrow Transplantation.","authors":"Reiko Omura, T. Aoyama, M. Sugiura, S. Hotoda, Mizuki Ito, H. Yokoyama, Y. Yamamura, K. Nakajima, Hitoshi Nakamura, Kouichi Nakamura, Hitoshi Sato, T. Iga","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":"555-561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90901310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.188
Yasuaki Ohtsubo, T. Ishimitsu, Kaori Tsubone, H. Yoshida, A. Kamiya
Various pharmaceutical preparations are prepared in hospital pharmacies on a daily basis. The Product Liability (PL) Law has been in effect since July 1995 in Japan. To clarity the influence of the PL Law on the pharmacy service for hospital preparations, the frequency of preparation requests, preparation quantities, and the total preparation time of each hospital preparation were investigated retrospectively for 5 fiscal years (April to next March) from April 1993 to March 1998 at Yamaguchi University Hospital. Hospital preparations were classified into three categories based on the raw materials used. The category I preparations were prepared from the medicines listed in the National Health Insurance price standard for medicine, and were used according to the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. The category 2 preparations were prepared from the medicine listed on the standard price lists and were used outside the jurisdiction of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. The category 3 preparations were prepared from chemical agents not listed in the standard price lists. It is necessary to get the approval of the Institutional Review Board at our hospital before category 2 and 3 preparations can be used. The request frequency and preparation quantity of category 1 preparations gradually decreased during the investigation period, while category 2 preparations remained almost constant. On the other hand, those of category 3 preparations steadily increased from 1993 to 1997. In addition, the total preparation time of the hospital preparations gradually increased year by year, and the preparation times for 1997 reached 110 percent of that for 1993. These results indicate that the pharmacists in our hospital have adequately understood the importance of the hospital preparations and have been adhering to the special preparation orders from each physician. As a result, it appears that the PL Law has not substantially affected the pharmacy service for pharmaceutical preparations in our hospital.
{"title":"Influence of the Product Liability Law on the Pharmacy Service for Hospital Pharmaceutical Preparations.","authors":"Yasuaki Ohtsubo, T. Ishimitsu, Kaori Tsubone, H. Yoshida, A. Kamiya","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.188","url":null,"abstract":"Various pharmaceutical preparations are prepared in hospital pharmacies on a daily basis. The Product Liability (PL) Law has been in effect since July 1995 in Japan. To clarity the influence of the PL Law on the pharmacy service for hospital preparations, the frequency of preparation requests, preparation quantities, and the total preparation time of each hospital preparation were investigated retrospectively for 5 fiscal years (April to next March) from April 1993 to March 1998 at Yamaguchi University Hospital. Hospital preparations were classified into three categories based on the raw materials used. The category I preparations were prepared from the medicines listed in the National Health Insurance price standard for medicine, and were used according to the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. The category 2 preparations were prepared from the medicine listed on the standard price lists and were used outside the jurisdiction of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. The category 3 preparations were prepared from chemical agents not listed in the standard price lists. It is necessary to get the approval of the Institutional Review Board at our hospital before category 2 and 3 preparations can be used. The request frequency and preparation quantity of category 1 preparations gradually decreased during the investigation period, while category 2 preparations remained almost constant. On the other hand, those of category 3 preparations steadily increased from 1993 to 1997. In addition, the total preparation time of the hospital preparations gradually increased year by year, and the preparation times for 1997 reached 110 percent of that for 1993. These results indicate that the pharmacists in our hospital have adequately understood the importance of the hospital preparations and have been adhering to the special preparation orders from each physician. As a result, it appears that the PL Law has not substantially affected the pharmacy service for pharmaceutical preparations in our hospital.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"23 1","pages":"188-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85716319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.79
Noriko Umemoto, Manami Yamaoka, T. Seino, Y. Yamamura, T. Aoyama, Hitoshi Nakamura, Hitoshi Sato, T. Iga
We investigated the outpatients' understanding and compliance with taking “medication after meals”, a typical timing of medication, and examined the factors influencing patients' noncompliance. The subjects (35 men and 69 women, aged 56±8) were randomly chosen from the outpatients at Tokyo University Hospital, to whom a drug listed in our active guidance system as “ medication required after meal” had been prescribed at a community pharmacy. The patients were interviewed at the outpatient counter to examine the following points: 1) whether they understood and actually took the medications after meals, 2) whether or not they routinely having breakfast, 3) when and why some patients cannot comply with taking medications after meals, and 4) whether or not they had received drug compliance instructions at community pharmacies and if so what instructions were received. As a result, almost all patients (97%) understood that they have to take particular medicines “within 30 min after meals”, but approximately 30% of the patients failed to do so, indicating a discrepancy between the patients' understanding and actual compliance. The occurrence of noncompliance was as high as 47% after lunch and 21% after breakfast, and the major reason for the former case was time restrictions due to work or going out, thus suggesting the need to consider the patients' life style when pharmacists give instructions. 61 % of the patients answered that they have not received compliance instructions at community pharmacies; the ratio of those who have not received compliance instructions at community pharmacies was 52% among the patients who corrected took the drugs after meals, but 71% among the patients who sometimes failed to take the drugs correctly (one-sided P<0.05;χ2 test), thus suggesting the importance of giving compliance instruction at community pharmacies. In conclusion, our study suggested that pharmacists need to make greeter efforts to instruct patients, such as a more individualized instructions based on the lifestyle of each patient, in order to improve patients' compliance with medication after meals and thus to promote the rationaluse of medicine.
{"title":"Investigation of Outpatients' Compliance with Medication After Meal and Analysis of Factors on their Noncompliance.","authors":"Noriko Umemoto, Manami Yamaoka, T. Seino, Y. Yamamura, T. Aoyama, Hitoshi Nakamura, Hitoshi Sato, T. Iga","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.79","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the outpatients' understanding and compliance with taking “medication after meals”, a typical timing of medication, and examined the factors influencing patients' noncompliance. The subjects (35 men and 69 women, aged 56±8) were randomly chosen from the outpatients at Tokyo University Hospital, to whom a drug listed in our active guidance system as “ medication required after meal” had been prescribed at a community pharmacy. The patients were interviewed at the outpatient counter to examine the following points: 1) whether they understood and actually took the medications after meals, 2) whether or not they routinely having breakfast, 3) when and why some patients cannot comply with taking medications after meals, and 4) whether or not they had received drug compliance instructions at community pharmacies and if so what instructions were received. As a result, almost all patients (97%) understood that they have to take particular medicines “within 30 min after meals”, but approximately 30% of the patients failed to do so, indicating a discrepancy between the patients' understanding and actual compliance. The occurrence of noncompliance was as high as 47% after lunch and 21% after breakfast, and the major reason for the former case was time restrictions due to work or going out, thus suggesting the need to consider the patients' life style when pharmacists give instructions. 61 % of the patients answered that they have not received compliance instructions at community pharmacies; the ratio of those who have not received compliance instructions at community pharmacies was 52% among the patients who corrected took the drugs after meals, but 71% among the patients who sometimes failed to take the drugs correctly (one-sided P<0.05;χ2 test), thus suggesting the importance of giving compliance instruction at community pharmacies. In conclusion, our study suggested that pharmacists need to make greeter efforts to instruct patients, such as a more individualized instructions based on the lifestyle of each patient, in order to improve patients' compliance with medication after meals and thus to promote the rationaluse of medicine.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"19 1","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83601674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.443
M. Saito, Yoshihiro Ishida, H. Yoshida, Yuka Irie, N. Terakawa, A. Iwai
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was recently revealed to occur when a fragile plaque in a fibrous capsule breaks off and a thrombus produced at the broken site obstructs the vascular cavity. Anti-hyperlipidemic agents have been reported to be effective in preventing this onset of ACS through its stabilizing effect on these plaques, thereby leading to its extensive application. However, no reports have yet comparatively examined the influence of two combined antihyperlipidemic agents of different species on the renal functions including blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) in patients whose kidneys function normally. Therefore, BUN, total cholesterol (TC), neutral triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were comparatively analyzed before and one year after treatment with single pravastatin (CS), single bezafibrate (BF) or CS-F BF combination in patients first diagnosed to have hyperlipidemia at our hospital. While TC and LDL significantly decreased in the CS group, TG significantly decreased and HDL significantly increased in the BF group. In the CS-FBF combination group, TC, TG and LDL significantly decreased while HDL significantly increased. In the three groups, no significant increase was detected for BUN or Scr. As mentioned above, the administration of CS and BF to patients with normal renal functions therefore appears to be safe since no renal disturbances were observed.
急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)最近被发现是当纤维囊内脆弱的斑块破裂并在破裂部位产生血栓阻塞血管腔时发生的。据报道，抗高脂血症药物通过对这些斑块的稳定作用有效地预防ACS的发生，从而导致其广泛应用。然而，两种不同种类的联合抗高脂血药对肾功能正常患者血尿素氮(BUN)和血清肌酐(Scr)的影响尚未见比较报道。因此，比较分析我院首次诊断为高脂血症患者单药普伐他汀(CS)、单药贝扎贝特(BF)或CS- f BF联合治疗前后1年的BUN、总胆固醇(TC)、中性甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)。CS组TC和LDL显著降低，BF组TG显著降低，HDL显著升高。CS-FBF联合组TC、TG、LDL显著降低，HDL显著升高。在三组中，BUN或Scr均未显著升高。如上所述，由于未观察到肾脏紊乱，因此对肾功能正常的患者给予CS和BF似乎是安全的。
{"title":"Influence of Anti-Hyperlipidemic Agents on Renal Functions of Patients Having Normal Kidney.","authors":"M. Saito, Yoshihiro Ishida, H. Yoshida, Yuka Irie, N. Terakawa, A. Iwai","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.443","url":null,"abstract":"Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was recently revealed to occur when a fragile plaque in a fibrous capsule breaks off and a thrombus produced at the broken site obstructs the vascular cavity. Anti-hyperlipidemic agents have been reported to be effective in preventing this onset of ACS through its stabilizing effect on these plaques, thereby leading to its extensive application. However, no reports have yet comparatively examined the influence of two combined antihyperlipidemic agents of different species on the renal functions including blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) in patients whose kidneys function normally. Therefore, BUN, total cholesterol (TC), neutral triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were comparatively analyzed before and one year after treatment with single pravastatin (CS), single bezafibrate (BF) or CS-F BF combination in patients first diagnosed to have hyperlipidemia at our hospital. While TC and LDL significantly decreased in the CS group, TG significantly decreased and HDL significantly increased in the BF group. In the CS-FBF combination group, TC, TG and LDL significantly decreased while HDL significantly increased. In the three groups, no significant increase was detected for BUN or Scr. As mentioned above, the administration of CS and BF to patients with normal renal functions therefore appears to be safe since no renal disturbances were observed.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"34 1","pages":"443-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78960473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.17
H. Araki, H. Kawasaki, M. Izushi, K. Futagami, K. Shikata, J. Wada, H. Sugimoto, M. Kushiro, H. Makino, Y. Gomita
Individual medication counseling for outpatient with diabetes mellitus was carried out by an instructor who was a faculty staff member of the department of pharmaceutical sciences (DPS) as a part of pharmaceutical clinical training of pharmacy students. The team instructor from the faculty of DPS and a hospital pharmacist investigated the chart of the patient with diabetes mellitus based on a request from a doctor, and according to the counseling policy, it counseled the patient after first discussing the details with the doctor. Pharmaceutical students observed this process as part of their training. Although the drug specifies had already been explained to the patient by the doctor, for ther details regarding the pharmacological contents of the dosing drug, the drug efficacy at the application, dose, side effects, especially hypoglycemia, etc. were explained to the patient. As some patients have other diseases besides diabetes mellitus, the effects of drugs for other diseases were also explained. The report was made after finishing all counseling, and was submitted to the doctor. The participation of faculty members from the DPS in clinical training is an effective method for educating students. In addition, it is also important to increase the numbers of opportunities for hospital pharmacists to share clinical experience with the faculty member of the DPS. It is therefore necessary to increase the mutual cooperation between the faculty staff members of the DPS and hospital pharmacists to improve the overall education of pharmacy students.
{"title":"The Individual Medication Counseling to the Outpatient with Diabetes Mellitus by the Stuff of Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Training for the Students.","authors":"H. Araki, H. Kawasaki, M. Izushi, K. Futagami, K. Shikata, J. Wada, H. Sugimoto, M. Kushiro, H. Makino, Y. Gomita","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.17","url":null,"abstract":"Individual medication counseling for outpatient with diabetes mellitus was carried out by an instructor who was a faculty staff member of the department of pharmaceutical sciences (DPS) as a part of pharmaceutical clinical training of pharmacy students. The team instructor from the faculty of DPS and a hospital pharmacist investigated the chart of the patient with diabetes mellitus based on a request from a doctor, and according to the counseling policy, it counseled the patient after first discussing the details with the doctor. Pharmaceutical students observed this process as part of their training. Although the drug specifies had already been explained to the patient by the doctor, for ther details regarding the pharmacological contents of the dosing drug, the drug efficacy at the application, dose, side effects, especially hypoglycemia, etc. were explained to the patient. As some patients have other diseases besides diabetes mellitus, the effects of drugs for other diseases were also explained. The report was made after finishing all counseling, and was submitted to the doctor. The participation of faculty members from the DPS in clinical training is an effective method for educating students. In addition, it is also important to increase the numbers of opportunities for hospital pharmacists to share clinical experience with the faculty member of the DPS. It is therefore necessary to increase the mutual cooperation between the faculty staff members of the DPS and hospital pharmacists to improve the overall education of pharmacy students.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"594 1","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76789438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.398
Megumi Morii, K. Ueno, Kana Matsumoto, M. Takada, Y. Nojima, F. Sakamaki, N. Nakanishi, M. Shibakawa
( Received October 7,1999 Accepted March 27, 2000 ) A 67-year-old man who had been receiving hemodialysis (HD) was administered pilsicainide and digoxin for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Thereafter, when undergoing HD, ventricular fibrillation and flutter frequently appeared, and he was therefore admitted to National Cardiovascular Center. After being admitted, the administration of pilsicainide and digoxin was immediately stopped due to a widening QRS on ECG. After that the terminal half-time (t1/2) of pilsicainide and digoxin were calculated and these drugs were restarted base on his calculated t1/2. Subsequently a good control of arrhythmia without any side effects was obtained at this dosage. The above findings suggested that although the dose of digoxin in this case ranged from onesixth to one-third of the normal dose when the renal function was normal, the dose of pilsicainide was only about one-tenth that of a normal dose, and a remarkable difference was observed between the dose of digoxin and pilsicainide. This case suggests that drugs, which are mainly eliminated in the kidney, especially pilsicainide, should thus be carefully monitored regarding their influence on the renal function in HD patients, since such therapy could lead to renal function failure.
{"title":"A Case Report of Hemodialysis Patient with Successful Determination of Pilsicainide and Digoxin Dosage by Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.","authors":"Megumi Morii, K. Ueno, Kana Matsumoto, M. Takada, Y. Nojima, F. Sakamaki, N. Nakanishi, M. Shibakawa","doi":"10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.26.398","url":null,"abstract":"( Received October 7,1999 Accepted March 27, 2000 ) A 67-year-old man who had been receiving hemodialysis (HD) was administered pilsicainide and digoxin for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Thereafter, when undergoing HD, ventricular fibrillation and flutter frequently appeared, and he was therefore admitted to National Cardiovascular Center. After being admitted, the administration of pilsicainide and digoxin was immediately stopped due to a widening QRS on ECG. After that the terminal half-time (t1/2) of pilsicainide and digoxin were calculated and these drugs were restarted base on his calculated t1/2. Subsequently a good control of arrhythmia without any side effects was obtained at this dosage. The above findings suggested that although the dose of digoxin in this case ranged from onesixth to one-third of the normal dose when the renal function was normal, the dose of pilsicainide was only about one-tenth that of a normal dose, and a remarkable difference was observed between the dose of digoxin and pilsicainide. This case suggests that drugs, which are mainly eliminated in the kidney, especially pilsicainide, should thus be carefully monitored regarding their influence on the renal function in HD patients, since such therapy could lead to renal function failure.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"59 1","pages":"398-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80106244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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