Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.380
K. Ohsawa, M. Ohtani, S. Kariya, Tohru Shinohara, K. Uchino, Kunji Mita, H. Matsuura, K. Akimoto, H. Kawahara, N. Hashimoto, K. Yakumaru, T. Rikihisa
Enemas of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) in 20% sorbitol (20% Sor) have regularly been administered by an irrigator for the treatment of hyperkalemia. However, intestinal necrosis, which may be caused by the high osmolality of Sor, has been reported in some patients who received enemas of SPS in Sor.We prepared several SPS suspensions using a 5% glucose solution containing methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HP) or Avicel RC 591 NF (AB) as a vehicle, and examined the physicochemical properties (dispersibility, osmotic pressure, viscosity and dropping time from irrigator) of each suspension. Among the suspensions tested, the 1% ABG suspension, which was prepared as follows; SPS was suspended in 5% glucose solution containing 1% AB by mixing at 5, 000 rpm for 3 min on a homo mixer, showed the best results. The 1% ABG suspension was isotonic with physiological fluid. A predominant dispersibility of SPS, a low viscosity and a short dropping time from the irrigator were all obtained using this-suspension. The suspension was quite stable for at least 90 days at room temperature.In uremic rats which were made by performing a bilateral nephrectomy, the occurrence of intestinal necrosis and the effect on the serum level of potassium were investigated after the rectal administration of SPS suspensions. No significant pathological changes were noted in rats receiving a 1% ABG suspension. In addition, the 1% ABG suspension caused a significant decrease in the serum level of potassium from the control level.These results suggest that the 1% ABG suspension for enemas of SPS can be useful in the treatment of hyperkalemia.
{"title":"Preparation of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Suspension Enema for Treatment of Hyperkalemia.","authors":"K. Ohsawa, M. Ohtani, S. Kariya, Tohru Shinohara, K. Uchino, Kunji Mita, H. Matsuura, K. Akimoto, H. Kawahara, N. Hashimoto, K. Yakumaru, T. Rikihisa","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.380","url":null,"abstract":"Enemas of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) in 20% sorbitol (20% Sor) have regularly been administered by an irrigator for the treatment of hyperkalemia. However, intestinal necrosis, which may be caused by the high osmolality of Sor, has been reported in some patients who received enemas of SPS in Sor.We prepared several SPS suspensions using a 5% glucose solution containing methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HP) or Avicel RC 591 NF (AB) as a vehicle, and examined the physicochemical properties (dispersibility, osmotic pressure, viscosity and dropping time from irrigator) of each suspension. Among the suspensions tested, the 1% ABG suspension, which was prepared as follows; SPS was suspended in 5% glucose solution containing 1% AB by mixing at 5, 000 rpm for 3 min on a homo mixer, showed the best results. The 1% ABG suspension was isotonic with physiological fluid. A predominant dispersibility of SPS, a low viscosity and a short dropping time from the irrigator were all obtained using this-suspension. The suspension was quite stable for at least 90 days at room temperature.In uremic rats which were made by performing a bilateral nephrectomy, the occurrence of intestinal necrosis and the effect on the serum level of potassium were investigated after the rectal administration of SPS suspensions. No significant pathological changes were noted in rats receiving a 1% ABG suspension. In addition, the 1% ABG suspension caused a significant decrease in the serum level of potassium from the control level.These results suggest that the 1% ABG suspension for enemas of SPS can be useful in the treatment of hyperkalemia.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"25 1","pages":"380-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84512802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.264
S. Ishida, Megumi Morii, K. Ueno, M. Takada, T. Sakata, A. Okamoto, J. Kobayashi, O. Monta, Nobutatu Koizumi, Y. Sasako, M. Shibakawa
Cilostazol is being developed for the treatment of intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In this study, we measured the serum cilostazol concentrations and platelet aggregations induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, and also investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cilostazol in inpatients receiving cilostazol therapy. No significant difference was observed in C/D (serum trough concentration/dose) between males and females. A trend toward increasing the serum cilostazol concentration by increasing the dose (mg/kg) was observed (P<0.05). The interindividual variation of the C/D for cilostazol was found to be very large. No significant difference was observed between the C/D for cilostazol and the age, GPT or Ccr. A statistical correlation was observed between the serum cilostazol concentration and the maximum extent of aggregation (%) induced by ADP and collagen (P<0.05).
{"title":"Studies on Factor Affecting Pharmacokinetics of Cilostazol and Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics Analysis Based Platelet Aggregation.","authors":"S. Ishida, Megumi Morii, K. Ueno, M. Takada, T. Sakata, A. Okamoto, J. Kobayashi, O. Monta, Nobutatu Koizumi, Y. Sasako, M. Shibakawa","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.264","url":null,"abstract":"Cilostazol is being developed for the treatment of intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In this study, we measured the serum cilostazol concentrations and platelet aggregations induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, and also investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cilostazol in inpatients receiving cilostazol therapy. No significant difference was observed in C/D (serum trough concentration/dose) between males and females. A trend toward increasing the serum cilostazol concentration by increasing the dose (mg/kg) was observed (P<0.05). The interindividual variation of the C/D for cilostazol was found to be very large. No significant difference was observed between the C/D for cilostazol and the age, GPT or Ccr. A statistical correlation was observed between the serum cilostazol concentration and the maximum extent of aggregation (%) induced by ADP and collagen (P<0.05).","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"82 10","pages":"264-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72607355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.239
Y. Maeda, T. Konishi, K. Omoda, Y. Takeda, H. Fujii, I. Kanazawa, S. Eno, S. Tsukiai
Adverse reactions induced by cibenzoline at this hospital showed the trough value of cibenzoline at the time to be above 400ng/mL. In these cases, by adjusting the trough values to 150-230ng/mL and also by reducing the cibenzoline dosage, the effects of cibenzoline could thus be maintained while adverse reactions were avoided. Therefore, the relationship between the trough value based on cibenzoline dosage and the creatinine clearance in 19 cases who took cibenzoline was examined. In order to adjust trough level to 150-250ng/mL as the goal concentration based on the relation formula, the recommended dosage of cibenzoline and the creatinine clearance were calculated. The utility of an initial dosage setting according to the combination a recommended dosage of cibenzoline and the creatinine clearance nomogram reported by Nielsen et al. was examined in 9 cases.As a result, using this nomogram, the percentage of the goal concentration thus significantly increased, while the percentage of hypoglycemia significantly decreased. Accordingly, the nomogram of cibenzoline prepared in our hospital was thus concluded to be clinically acceptable.
{"title":"Development and Applications of Initial Dosage Setting of Cibenzoline in Consideration of the Cases of Adverse Reaction Induced by Cibenzoline on Clinical Services in a Hospital.","authors":"Y. Maeda, T. Konishi, K. Omoda, Y. Takeda, H. Fujii, I. Kanazawa, S. Eno, S. Tsukiai","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.239","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse reactions induced by cibenzoline at this hospital showed the trough value of cibenzoline at the time to be above 400ng/mL. In these cases, by adjusting the trough values to 150-230ng/mL and also by reducing the cibenzoline dosage, the effects of cibenzoline could thus be maintained while adverse reactions were avoided. Therefore, the relationship between the trough value based on cibenzoline dosage and the creatinine clearance in 19 cases who took cibenzoline was examined. In order to adjust trough level to 150-250ng/mL as the goal concentration based on the relation formula, the recommended dosage of cibenzoline and the creatinine clearance were calculated. The utility of an initial dosage setting according to the combination a recommended dosage of cibenzoline and the creatinine clearance nomogram reported by Nielsen et al. was examined in 9 cases.As a result, using this nomogram, the percentage of the goal concentration thus significantly increased, while the percentage of hypoglycemia significantly decreased. Accordingly, the nomogram of cibenzoline prepared in our hospital was thus concluded to be clinically acceptable.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"38 1","pages":"239-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85209466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.95
Hiroko Takahashi, Y. Kudo, Kazuhiko Kanno, K. Saito, T. Ogasawara, Masahiro Matsumoto, K. Yoshinaga
There are many health foods presently available. Some health foods are sold with the sales message "a medicine for cancer", so a lot of patients pay a large amount of money for them. Therefore we carried out a questionnaire survey which was given to patients to find out how many patients take health foods. For comparison purposes we did the same survey on diabetics and patients suffering from chronic illnesses like hepatitis and hypertensions, and then we analysed the differences among disease. In addition, we also checked out the safety of health foods. The ratio of taking health foods was especialy high for cancer patients, and they also spent a lot of money on them. There are several reports about adverse reactions of health foods and interactions between medicines and health foods. In addition health foods are often sold with the sales message that they act like a medicine. For these reasons, we have to provide information on the safety, interactions, effects and prices of such health foods with patients and doctors. This remains an important task as pharmaeists which has to be confronted in the future.
{"title":"A Questionnaire Study on Health Foods for Cancer Patients.","authors":"Hiroko Takahashi, Y. Kudo, Kazuhiko Kanno, K. Saito, T. Ogasawara, Masahiro Matsumoto, K. Yoshinaga","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.95","url":null,"abstract":"There are many health foods presently available. Some health foods are sold with the sales message \"a medicine for cancer\", so a lot of patients pay a large amount of money for them. Therefore we carried out a questionnaire survey which was given to patients to find out how many patients take health foods. For comparison purposes we did the same survey on diabetics and patients suffering from chronic illnesses like hepatitis and hypertensions, and then we analysed the differences among disease. In addition, we also checked out the safety of health foods. The ratio of taking health foods was especialy high for cancer patients, and they also spent a lot of money on them. There are several reports about adverse reactions of health foods and interactions between medicines and health foods. In addition health foods are often sold with the sales message that they act like a medicine. For these reasons, we have to provide information on the safety, interactions, effects and prices of such health foods with patients and doctors. This remains an important task as pharmaeists which has to be confronted in the future.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"95 1","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77216713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.652
Takeshi Mori, Nobuo Shimizu, Masafumi Ohnishi, S. Sanada, Y. Koda, Masaharu Inoue, S. Kurono, H. Okada
At our hospital, we have been conducting experiments on the time course of bactericidal effectiveness of disinfectants against clinically isolated bacterial strains. In the present study, we investigated the following commonly used disinfectants; chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), benzalkonium chloride (BAC), povidone iodine (PVP-I) and alkyl diaminoethylglycine hydrochloride (ADG). The results showed that PVP-I exhibited the greatest bactericidal effect among these disinfectants with a bactericidal time of within 20 seconds for both gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria. CHG, BAC and ADG appeared to have a relatively delayed bactericidal time against gram-positive bacteria and 7 of 9 strains tended to show resistance to these disinfectants. These findings point to the need to add ethanol in order to ensure the effectiveness of disinfec tion when using these agents. Furthermore, these disinfectants showed only poor bactericidal effectiveness at low concentrations against gram-negative bacteria, thus indicating that caution is needed when determining the appropriate concentration levels. Moreover, since our results for BAC and PVP-I differ from those described in our previous reports, extreme care is thus called for when determining the concentration levels and exposure times due to intrinsic bacterial factors and the time course of bactericidal effectiveness.
{"title":"Bactericidal Effects of Disinfectants on Clinical Isolates from the Hospital. (Report 4).","authors":"Takeshi Mori, Nobuo Shimizu, Masafumi Ohnishi, S. Sanada, Y. Koda, Masaharu Inoue, S. Kurono, H. Okada","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.652","url":null,"abstract":"At our hospital, we have been conducting experiments on the time course of bactericidal effectiveness of disinfectants against clinically isolated bacterial strains. In the present study, we investigated the following commonly used disinfectants; chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), benzalkonium chloride (BAC), povidone iodine (PVP-I) and alkyl diaminoethylglycine hydrochloride (ADG). The results showed that PVP-I exhibited the greatest bactericidal effect among these disinfectants with a bactericidal time of within 20 seconds for both gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria. CHG, BAC and ADG appeared to have a relatively delayed bactericidal time against gram-positive bacteria and 7 of 9 strains tended to show resistance to these disinfectants. These findings point to the need to add ethanol in order to ensure the effectiveness of disinfec tion when using these agents. Furthermore, these disinfectants showed only poor bactericidal effectiveness at low concentrations against gram-negative bacteria, thus indicating that caution is needed when determining the appropriate concentration levels. Moreover, since our results for BAC and PVP-I differ from those described in our previous reports, extreme care is thus called for when determining the concentration levels and exposure times due to intrinsic bacterial factors and the time course of bactericidal effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"11 1","pages":"652-658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84090982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.280
Masayuki Morita, Tatsuo Saito, M. Toyoshima, Yuji Shirai, K. Sano, Yasunobu Sato, M. Murofushi, Sayaka Matsuyama, Tomomi Uchiyama, Akemi Muroya
Noncompliance with drug therapy was suspected based on the results of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in two 3-and 4-year-old children with epilepsy. An analysis of the data for both children showed the serum concentration of the antiepileptic drugs estimated from individual parameters to deviate remarkably from those established based on population parameters, and that the difference between these values varied after each measurement.After a careful evaluation of patient compliance according to the results of TDM, it was revealed the dosage due to the fact that mother had not realized her inaccurate dosage while another mother admitted that she had reduced the dosage due to the fact that her child refused to take the drug. The time needed to correct the noncompliance after its discovery using TDM was 3 months in the case of inaccurate dosage, and 12 months in the case where the child had refused to take the drug, by means of compliance education and training given to the mothers once -a-month at the outpatient clinic.
{"title":"Patient Compliance Instruction Using TDM. Noncompliance Problems in Children with Epilepsy and its Solution.","authors":"Masayuki Morita, Tatsuo Saito, M. Toyoshima, Yuji Shirai, K. Sano, Yasunobu Sato, M. Murofushi, Sayaka Matsuyama, Tomomi Uchiyama, Akemi Muroya","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.280","url":null,"abstract":"Noncompliance with drug therapy was suspected based on the results of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in two 3-and 4-year-old children with epilepsy. An analysis of the data for both children showed the serum concentration of the antiepileptic drugs estimated from individual parameters to deviate remarkably from those established based on population parameters, and that the difference between these values varied after each measurement.After a careful evaluation of patient compliance according to the results of TDM, it was revealed the dosage due to the fact that mother had not realized her inaccurate dosage while another mother admitted that she had reduced the dosage due to the fact that her child refused to take the drug. The time needed to correct the noncompliance after its discovery using TDM was 3 months in the case of inaccurate dosage, and 12 months in the case where the child had refused to take the drug, by means of compliance education and training given to the mothers once -a-month at the outpatient clinic.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"294 1","pages":"280-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77180797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.359
T. Itoh, M. Kawai
We examined the solubility change in injection admixing using thermodynamics. During our investigation, information regarding solubility, as described on the package insert, was utilized as reference data.The solubility of a compound in water is determined by the balance of the force which promotes dissolution and the force which prevents dissolution. Enthalpy of hydration, entropy of sublimation and dissociation are forces which all promote dissolution. Ionic lattice energy, entropy of hydration, Van der Waals force, and the generation of hydrophobic bond are forces which prevent dissolution. If the force which prevents dissolution is larger than the force which promotes dissolution, then a compound will not dissolve in water even if it is an ionic compound. Therefore, the generation of a hydrophobic bond and the aggregation of a polyvalent cation and polyvalent anion are considered to be important factors in the formation of insoluble ionic compounds.The incompatibility estimation table was prepared by classifying the injection formulation into six groups (anionic insoluble compound, anionic soluble compound, cationic insoluble compound, cationic soluble compound, nonionic insoluble compound, and noncationic nonanionic soluble compound). A rapid chemical evaluation of injection admixing is possible by using of the incompatibility estimation table.
{"title":"Thermodynamics Study on Solubility Change in Injection Admixing and Preparation of the Incompatibility Estimation Table.","authors":"T. Itoh, M. Kawai","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.359","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the solubility change in injection admixing using thermodynamics. During our investigation, information regarding solubility, as described on the package insert, was utilized as reference data.The solubility of a compound in water is determined by the balance of the force which promotes dissolution and the force which prevents dissolution. Enthalpy of hydration, entropy of sublimation and dissociation are forces which all promote dissolution. Ionic lattice energy, entropy of hydration, Van der Waals force, and the generation of hydrophobic bond are forces which prevent dissolution. If the force which prevents dissolution is larger than the force which promotes dissolution, then a compound will not dissolve in water even if it is an ionic compound. Therefore, the generation of a hydrophobic bond and the aggregation of a polyvalent cation and polyvalent anion are considered to be important factors in the formation of insoluble ionic compounds.The incompatibility estimation table was prepared by classifying the injection formulation into six groups (anionic insoluble compound, anionic soluble compound, cationic insoluble compound, cationic soluble compound, nonionic insoluble compound, and noncationic nonanionic soluble compound). A rapid chemical evaluation of injection admixing is possible by using of the incompatibility estimation table.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"38 1","pages":"359-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82948886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sachiyo Funakoshi, T. Konishi, Y. Maeda, Hiroyuki Yamato, M. Yamasaki, S. Tsukiai, I. Nakagawa
Propofol is a comparatively new intravenous anesthetic drug. We measured the concentration of propofol in the plasma of both the arterial blood and the venous blood using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 12 patients who underwent propofol anesthesia. The pharmacokinetic behavior of propofol concentration in the venous blood was similar to that in the arterial blood. Both concentrations reflected the pharmacological effects based on the changes in several monitoring values (blood pressure, the pulse, Sjo 2, SEP). The monitoring of intravenous anesthetic drugs are done using arterial blood. Using this method we can therefore easily monitor propofol which is recently being used for sedation by collecting venous blood samples.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacological Effects of Propofol.","authors":"Sachiyo Funakoshi, T. Konishi, Y. Maeda, Hiroyuki Yamato, M. Yamasaki, S. Tsukiai, I. Nakagawa","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.1","url":null,"abstract":"Propofol is a comparatively new intravenous anesthetic drug. We measured the concentration of propofol in the plasma of both the arterial blood and the venous blood using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 12 patients who underwent propofol anesthesia. The pharmacokinetic behavior of propofol concentration in the venous blood was similar to that in the arterial blood. Both concentrations reflected the pharmacological effects based on the changes in several monitoring values (blood pressure, the pulse, Sjo 2, SEP). The monitoring of intravenous anesthetic drugs are done using arterial blood. Using this method we can therefore easily monitor propofol which is recently being used for sedation by collecting venous blood samples.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74855101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.647
Y. Yoshida, Y. Enomoto, Yuki Hasumi, M. Makimura
To determine their most appropriate use for medical purposes, we investigated the method for preparing antiseptic-containing cotton swabs. We measured the amount of antiseptic solution contained in a cotton swab according to the water-absorbency method for absorbent cotton as described in detail in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.We tested three antiseptic agents which are frequently used in hospitals: povidone-iodine, benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate. Since the weight of cotton swabs from various manufacturers differed significantly, the amount of water or antiseptic solution contained in each swab was also different.Based on the results of these measurements, we additionally evaluated the amount in each solution-containing cotton swab prepared in a medical setting. Judging from the volume of nonabsorbed antiseptic solution, we found that the actual amount used was slightly less than 90% of the calculated amount.It therefore seems that the excessive use of antiseptic agents might be avoided, and health expenditures thus can be reduced, if we could make a manual for preparing antiseptic-containing cotton swabs based on the present results, and thereafter prepare them according to the instructions of the manual at hospitals.
{"title":"Investigation of the Appropriate Use of Antiseptics with Cotton Swabs.","authors":"Y. Yoshida, Y. Enomoto, Yuki Hasumi, M. Makimura","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.647","url":null,"abstract":"To determine their most appropriate use for medical purposes, we investigated the method for preparing antiseptic-containing cotton swabs. We measured the amount of antiseptic solution contained in a cotton swab according to the water-absorbency method for absorbent cotton as described in detail in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.We tested three antiseptic agents which are frequently used in hospitals: povidone-iodine, benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate. Since the weight of cotton swabs from various manufacturers differed significantly, the amount of water or antiseptic solution contained in each swab was also different.Based on the results of these measurements, we additionally evaluated the amount in each solution-containing cotton swab prepared in a medical setting. Judging from the volume of nonabsorbed antiseptic solution, we found that the actual amount used was slightly less than 90% of the calculated amount.It therefore seems that the excessive use of antiseptic agents might be avoided, and health expenditures thus can be reduced, if we could make a manual for preparing antiseptic-containing cotton swabs based on the present results, and thereafter prepare them according to the instructions of the manual at hospitals.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"26 1","pages":"647-651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74462756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.550
A. Takahashi, K. Saito, R. Murata, Yorihisa Tanaka
THEODUR® Tablets 100 (TDR·T) and THEODUR® Dry Symp 20%(TDR·DS) are sustained-releasepme pamations of theophylline. The dissolution test was used to examine the effects of TDR·T and TDR·DS soaked with milk on the release of theophylline from these preparations. The dissolution of theophylline from TDR·T soaked with milk was slower than that of the control thus indicating a delay in the release of theophylline. Milk did not affect the dissolution of theophylline from TDR·DS. In conclusion, the diffemence between the structures of TDR·T and TDR·DS seemed to produce dif5erences in the dissolution of theophylline soaked with milk. Accordingly, patients are recommended to take TDR·T with water apd not with milk.
{"title":"Effect of Milk on Dissolution of Theophylline Sustained-Release Preparations.","authors":"A. Takahashi, K. Saito, R. Murata, Yorihisa Tanaka","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.550","url":null,"abstract":"THEODUR® Tablets 100 (TDR·T) and THEODUR® Dry Symp 20%(TDR·DS) are sustained-releasepme pamations of theophylline. The dissolution test was used to examine the effects of TDR·T and TDR·DS soaked with milk on the release of theophylline from these preparations. The dissolution of theophylline from TDR·T soaked with milk was slower than that of the control thus indicating a delay in the release of theophylline. Milk did not affect the dissolution of theophylline from TDR·DS. In conclusion, the diffemence between the structures of TDR·T and TDR·DS seemed to produce dif5erences in the dissolution of theophylline soaked with milk. Accordingly, patients are recommended to take TDR·T with water apd not with milk.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"54 1","pages":"550-554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89153909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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