Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.601
Y. Nishida, K. Kikuchi, T. Ohishi, T. Masuike, K. Ohmori
In order to study the pharmacokinetics of vinorelbine and provide information necessary to determine the optimal therapy, a specific and reliable method to determine the levels of vinorelbine in biological fluids is required. We, therefore, established a highly sensitive and specific assay method for vinorelbine in biological fluids using reverse phase HPLC. The vinorelbine level was determined using HPLC with UV detection at 268 nm, combined with liquid-liquid extraction using diethyl ether for sample clean-up. The HPLC system used an ODS column and a mobile phase of 48 vol% methanol containing 0.05 vol% trifluoroacetic acid. The absence of endogenous interference and the excellent chromatographic behavior of vinorelbine provides accurate results even at low concentrations. The limit of determination is 2 ng/mL (100μL, sample), and the range of the assay is from 2 to 200 ng/mL. Consequently, this method is thus suggested to be highly sensitive and specific for determining the vinorelbine levels in biological fluids. Using this method, we measured the plasma concentrations of vinorelbine after a single intravenous administration of vinorelbine at 1.2 mg/kg in male rats. The plasma concentration ofvinorelbine disappeared triphasically after the intravenous administration of the drug.Based on these findings, this method is considered to be useful for drug monitoring of clinical specimens and also for basic studies, using small animals.
{"title":"High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Vinorelbine and its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study in Rat Plasma.","authors":"Y. Nishida, K. Kikuchi, T. Ohishi, T. Masuike, K. Ohmori","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.601","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the pharmacokinetics of vinorelbine and provide information necessary to determine the optimal therapy, a specific and reliable method to determine the levels of vinorelbine in biological fluids is required. We, therefore, established a highly sensitive and specific assay method for vinorelbine in biological fluids using reverse phase HPLC. The vinorelbine level was determined using HPLC with UV detection at 268 nm, combined with liquid-liquid extraction using diethyl ether for sample clean-up. The HPLC system used an ODS column and a mobile phase of 48 vol% methanol containing 0.05 vol% trifluoroacetic acid. The absence of endogenous interference and the excellent chromatographic behavior of vinorelbine provides accurate results even at low concentrations. The limit of determination is 2 ng/mL (100μL, sample), and the range of the assay is from 2 to 200 ng/mL. Consequently, this method is thus suggested to be highly sensitive and specific for determining the vinorelbine levels in biological fluids. Using this method, we measured the plasma concentrations of vinorelbine after a single intravenous administration of vinorelbine at 1.2 mg/kg in male rats. The plasma concentration ofvinorelbine disappeared triphasically after the intravenous administration of the drug.Based on these findings, this method is considered to be useful for drug monitoring of clinical specimens and also for basic studies, using small animals.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"10 1","pages":"601-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80869950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.345
Kana Matsumoto, K. Ueno, M. Takada, M. Shibakawa
Objectives: Teicoplanin is an antibiotic complex consisting of five closely related components of similar polarity designated A2-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and a more polar factor A 3. The variations in the constitution ratio of the six major components were measured to evaluate the validation of teicoplanin preparations.Methods: The concentrations of each component of teicoplanin were measured in 14 lots by high performance liquid chromatography.Results: No significant differences were observed regarding the variation in the constitution ratio between the A 2 and A 3 groups. However, significant differences were found in the A 2-1 component.Conclusions: Variations of the constitution ratio in Teicoplanin preparations may possibly affect the pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin. More care is thus called for during the manufacturing process.
{"title":"Variation of Constitution Ratio of Six Major Components in Teicoplanin Preparations.","authors":"Kana Matsumoto, K. Ueno, M. Takada, M. Shibakawa","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.345","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Teicoplanin is an antibiotic complex consisting of five closely related components of similar polarity designated A2-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and a more polar factor A 3. The variations in the constitution ratio of the six major components were measured to evaluate the validation of teicoplanin preparations.Methods: The concentrations of each component of teicoplanin were measured in 14 lots by high performance liquid chromatography.Results: No significant differences were observed regarding the variation in the constitution ratio between the A 2 and A 3 groups. However, significant differences were found in the A 2-1 component.Conclusions: Variations of the constitution ratio in Teicoplanin preparations may possibly affect the pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin. More care is thus called for during the manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"28 1","pages":"345-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80996314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.674
K. Ishida
The compliance of 60 year old or older diabetic patients taking oral antidiabetic agents was investigated. As a result, the compliance for oral antidiabetic agents with different dosing times declined according to the frequency that such medicine had to be taken.It is suggested that this case occurs when the complexity of medicines increases by using a heat seal and when patient's concern to oral antidiabetic agents declines since packaging forms of medicines are the same. A good compliance was obtained regardless of the dosing time if the total number of medications were 4 or less, if all the medicines could be included in one dose package and if the dosing time for all medicines was the same.
{"title":"Compliance for Oral Antidiabetic Agents and its Improvement by One dose Package.","authors":"K. Ishida","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.674","url":null,"abstract":"The compliance of 60 year old or older diabetic patients taking oral antidiabetic agents was investigated. As a result, the compliance for oral antidiabetic agents with different dosing times declined according to the frequency that such medicine had to be taken.It is suggested that this case occurs when the complexity of medicines increases by using a heat seal and when patient's concern to oral antidiabetic agents declines since packaging forms of medicines are the same. A good compliance was obtained regardless of the dosing time if the total number of medications were 4 or less, if all the medicines could be included in one dose package and if the dosing time for all medicines was the same.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"61 1","pages":"674-678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77756087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.369
T. Murayama
If Pharmaceutical Management and Counseling Services are required for active participants in the health care industry, then innovative strategies must be adopted to accurately document pharmacist's contributions for the area. We therefore attempted to develop a new documentation method to enable pharmacy departments to achieve certain patient outcomes. The Pharmaceutical Assessments Classification (PAC) is standardized language system for pharmaceutical assessments. The Pharmaceutical Outcomes Classification (POC) to evaluate the pharmaceutical outcome and the Pharmaceutical Interventions Classification (PIC) to determine pharmaceutical intervention were therefore developed. A database program was designed and included the patient's database, medication history, care plan, flow sheet and Focus Charting®, using the Microsoft Access® software package. With the addition of these standardized languages, the above program allowed pharmacists to document each intervention and its associated outcome through a process that is readily accessible, quick, reproducible, and clearly interpretable. The widespread use of this new system is thus expected to accelerate the normal evolutionary changes in both pharmaceutical standards and practice.
{"title":"Development of the Documentation System for the Pharmaceutical Management and Counseling Services Implementation of Pharmaceutical Standardized-Languages: PAC, POC and PIC.","authors":"T. Murayama","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.369","url":null,"abstract":"If Pharmaceutical Management and Counseling Services are required for active participants in the health care industry, then innovative strategies must be adopted to accurately document pharmacist's contributions for the area. We therefore attempted to develop a new documentation method to enable pharmacy departments to achieve certain patient outcomes. The Pharmaceutical Assessments Classification (PAC) is standardized language system for pharmaceutical assessments. The Pharmaceutical Outcomes Classification (POC) to evaluate the pharmaceutical outcome and the Pharmaceutical Interventions Classification (PIC) to determine pharmaceutical intervention were therefore developed. A database program was designed and included the patient's database, medication history, care plan, flow sheet and Focus Charting®, using the Microsoft Access® software package. With the addition of these standardized languages, the above program allowed pharmacists to document each intervention and its associated outcome through a process that is readily accessible, quick, reproducible, and clearly interpretable. The widespread use of this new system is thus expected to accelerate the normal evolutionary changes in both pharmaceutical standards and practice.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"54 1","pages":"369-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86882453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.287
T. Ichikawa, M. Hirata, Hiromi Sasaki, I. Johno, S. Ishida, Y. Okano
The effects of the medicative consultations and counseling to eight outpatients with familial hypercholestrolemia on colestyramine medications mainly by pharmacists were investigated. Eight outpatients had showed a frequent noncompliance for colestylamine but also other therapeutic drugs would be considered. In this study, a questionnaire survey on the patient's view regarding colestyramine resulted in the conclusion that large doses in suspension were difficult to swallow. In addition, some of the patients did not have sufficient knowledge of their own diseases. These above reasons were considered to be the main causes for noncompliance.Trial of the medicative consultations and counseling were thus performed with both patients and pharmacists regarding colestyramine dosing and dieteric problems. These trials were thus found to improve medication compliance and the patient's understanding of their own diseases. Furthermore, the mean values of total cholesterol (T-Chol) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Chol) concentrations in the eight patients all significantly decreased after the medicative consultations and counseling compared to the period before starting the therapy (p<0.01) and these trials (p<0.05), respectively. In addition, decreases in the percentages of T-Chol and LDL-Chol per month after medicative consultations and counseling increased to about 2.5 times based on the values before medicative consultations and counseling and the difference was significant (p<0.01 in T-Chol, p<0.05 in LDL-Chol).These results suggested that the medicative consultations and counseling with pharmacists and patients were found to improve pharmaceutical compliance in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
{"title":"Effects of the Medicative Consultations and Counseling on Colestyramine for Familial Hypercholesterolemia Outpatientst.","authors":"T. Ichikawa, M. Hirata, Hiromi Sasaki, I. Johno, S. Ishida, Y. Okano","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.287","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of the medicative consultations and counseling to eight outpatients with familial hypercholestrolemia on colestyramine medications mainly by pharmacists were investigated. Eight outpatients had showed a frequent noncompliance for colestylamine but also other therapeutic drugs would be considered. In this study, a questionnaire survey on the patient's view regarding colestyramine resulted in the conclusion that large doses in suspension were difficult to swallow. In addition, some of the patients did not have sufficient knowledge of their own diseases. These above reasons were considered to be the main causes for noncompliance.Trial of the medicative consultations and counseling were thus performed with both patients and pharmacists regarding colestyramine dosing and dieteric problems. These trials were thus found to improve medication compliance and the patient's understanding of their own diseases. Furthermore, the mean values of total cholesterol (T-Chol) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Chol) concentrations in the eight patients all significantly decreased after the medicative consultations and counseling compared to the period before starting the therapy (p<0.01) and these trials (p<0.05), respectively. In addition, decreases in the percentages of T-Chol and LDL-Chol per month after medicative consultations and counseling increased to about 2.5 times based on the values before medicative consultations and counseling and the difference was significant (p<0.01 in T-Chol, p<0.05 in LDL-Chol).These results suggested that the medicative consultations and counseling with pharmacists and patients were found to improve pharmaceutical compliance in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"7 1","pages":"287-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87012168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.309
K. Omoda, T. Konishi, Y. Maeda, Hiroyuki Yamato, S. Fukuhara, Mamoru Nakamura, M. Fukuzawa, S. Tsukiai
Inhibitors of angiotensin convering enzyme (ACE) are widely used for the treatment of hypertension and cardiac insufficiency. However, such patients demonstrate a wide range diseases and conditions, and hence appropriate ACE inhibitors must be selected depending upon the condition of each individual patient. In the present study, we prepared model rats for various circulatory disorders and investigated which medicine should be used for various disorders based on pharmacokinetic investigations of the ACE inhibitor drug excreted in the bile and from the kidney (temocapril hydrochloride, Acecol®) and another ACE inhibitor excreted from the kidney (lisinopril, Longes®) using the models. In the temocapril dosed groups, the elimination rate constant (Ke, 1/hr) was 1.03 for the hepatic disorder model group and 0.15 for the cholestatic model group, and both were significantly smaller than the 1.58 rate constant for the control group. Although no significant difference was noted, the renal disorder model group showed a slightly decreased Ke value of 1.27 compared with the control group. In the lisinopril dosed groups, the half-life was long, and no intergroup difference was observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters until 6 hr after administration. The results of the present study suggest that the use of temocapril is safer when renal disorders occur while the use of lisinopril is safer for hepatic disordes. In order to minimize the development of adverse reactions and to obtain the desired clinical efficacy, it is necessary to select drugs only after sufficiently analyzing the condition of each illness and taking into account the characteristic properties of the individual drugs.
{"title":"Effect of Hepatic and Renal Failure on the Pharmacokinetics of ACE Inhibitors in Rats.","authors":"K. Omoda, T. Konishi, Y. Maeda, Hiroyuki Yamato, S. Fukuhara, Mamoru Nakamura, M. Fukuzawa, S. Tsukiai","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.26.309","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibitors of angiotensin convering enzyme (ACE) are widely used for the treatment of hypertension and cardiac insufficiency. However, such patients demonstrate a wide range diseases and conditions, and hence appropriate ACE inhibitors must be selected depending upon the condition of each individual patient. In the present study, we prepared model rats for various circulatory disorders and investigated which medicine should be used for various disorders based on pharmacokinetic investigations of the ACE inhibitor drug excreted in the bile and from the kidney (temocapril hydrochloride, Acecol®) and another ACE inhibitor excreted from the kidney (lisinopril, Longes®) using the models. In the temocapril dosed groups, the elimination rate constant (Ke, 1/hr) was 1.03 for the hepatic disorder model group and 0.15 for the cholestatic model group, and both were significantly smaller than the 1.58 rate constant for the control group. Although no significant difference was noted, the renal disorder model group showed a slightly decreased Ke value of 1.27 compared with the control group. In the lisinopril dosed groups, the half-life was long, and no intergroup difference was observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters until 6 hr after administration. The results of the present study suggest that the use of temocapril is safer when renal disorders occur while the use of lisinopril is safer for hepatic disordes. In order to minimize the development of adverse reactions and to obtain the desired clinical efficacy, it is necessary to select drugs only after sufficiently analyzing the condition of each illness and taking into account the characteristic properties of the individual drugs.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"14 1","pages":"309-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87070428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-12-10DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.25.634
H. Hashimoto, Masayo Tanaka, Tadashi Oyake, T. Gomi, T. Ikeda, Masanori Yoshida, T. Fujimoto, M. Umezu, K. Nagashima, T. Fujita, M. Fujii, Y. Matsumoto, M. Fukuoka, M. Matsumoto, M. Ishi
Patient compliance is an important part of drug therapy, but not all patients take their medication exactly as directed. Although it is very important to investigate and identify factors that contribute to poor compliance, there have so far been very few studies of this kind in Japan. We therefore performed a cross-sectional study to analyze the factors associated with poor patient compliance (various patient background factors and a dozen matters dealing with medical care: the relationship between physicians and hospital staff, the time required to visit hospital, the drug therapy regimen, etc.) using the data obtained from patients who had been subjects of a QOL study on Carvedilol.The results showed that patient compliance was “good” is 83.3% of the patients, and that compliance was poorer among the following three groups of patients: employed patients (odds ratio: 5.15, 95% confidence level: 1.53-17.30, p=0.01), female patients (odds ratio: 3.39, 95% confidence level: 1.07-10.74, p=0.038), and patients who felt that their attending physicians did not provide enough information about the administered drug (odds ratio: 2.58, 95% confidence level: 0.88-7.58, p=0.084).
{"title":"Study on Factors that Contribute to Poor Patient Compliance with Medication in Japan","authors":"H. Hashimoto, Masayo Tanaka, Tadashi Oyake, T. Gomi, T. Ikeda, Masanori Yoshida, T. Fujimoto, M. Umezu, K. Nagashima, T. Fujita, M. Fujii, Y. Matsumoto, M. Fukuoka, M. Matsumoto, M. Ishi","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.25.634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.25.634","url":null,"abstract":"Patient compliance is an important part of drug therapy, but not all patients take their medication exactly as directed. Although it is very important to investigate and identify factors that contribute to poor compliance, there have so far been very few studies of this kind in Japan. We therefore performed a cross-sectional study to analyze the factors associated with poor patient compliance (various patient background factors and a dozen matters dealing with medical care: the relationship between physicians and hospital staff, the time required to visit hospital, the drug therapy regimen, etc.) using the data obtained from patients who had been subjects of a QOL study on Carvedilol.The results showed that patient compliance was “good” is 83.3% of the patients, and that compliance was poorer among the following three groups of patients: employed patients (odds ratio: 5.15, 95% confidence level: 1.53-17.30, p=0.01), female patients (odds ratio: 3.39, 95% confidence level: 1.07-10.74, p=0.038), and patients who felt that their attending physicians did not provide enough information about the administered drug (odds ratio: 2.58, 95% confidence level: 0.88-7.58, p=0.084).","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"236 1","pages":"634-642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75749999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-12-10DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.25.715
T. Asakura, H. Seino, S. Nozaki, Yuko Suzuki, R. Abe
We studied the effect of a patient forgetting to take acarbose and also investigated whether there is any benefit in taking it within certain time periods after a meal. The subjects consisted of 10 volunteers and the tests were conducted during lunch periods. Over 6 test days the subjects ingested breakfast (100 kcal; carbohydrate 78%) and lunch (624 kcal; carbohydrate 56%) each day. On the first test day, as a control, no acarbose was given. Blood was drawn 7 times to determine the levels of plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) (just before and after a meal, and after 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes after a meal). The same 10 subjects then took 100 mg of acarbose just before a meal, and 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes after starting a meal respectively on different days. The levels of plasma glucose and IRI were measured for the 7 blood drawing times. The levels of plasma glucose of the subjects who took acarbose just before a meal were significantly lower at the 5 times, from just after meal to 90 minutes after starting time of a meal, compared to the controls. The levels of IRI in the subjects who took acarbose just before meals were lower at all times compared to the controls and other intakes. There was no significant difference in the area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC0-120) 1of plasma glucose during the 120 minute period after starting a meal between the subjects who took acarbose just before a meal, just after starting a meal, and 30 minutes after starting a meal. It was found that taking acarbose was therefore the most effecctive just before a meal but, if this is forgotten, it can still be effective if taken 15-30 minutes after starting a meal.
{"title":"Effect of Acarbose Taken Just before and after a Meal on Plasma Glucose Level in Japanese Healthy Subjects","authors":"T. Asakura, H. Seino, S. Nozaki, Yuko Suzuki, R. Abe","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.25.715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.25.715","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the effect of a patient forgetting to take acarbose and also investigated whether there is any benefit in taking it within certain time periods after a meal. The subjects consisted of 10 volunteers and the tests were conducted during lunch periods. Over 6 test days the subjects ingested breakfast (100 kcal; carbohydrate 78%) and lunch (624 kcal; carbohydrate 56%) each day. On the first test day, as a control, no acarbose was given. Blood was drawn 7 times to determine the levels of plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) (just before and after a meal, and after 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes after a meal). The same 10 subjects then took 100 mg of acarbose just before a meal, and 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes after starting a meal respectively on different days. The levels of plasma glucose and IRI were measured for the 7 blood drawing times. The levels of plasma glucose of the subjects who took acarbose just before a meal were significantly lower at the 5 times, from just after meal to 90 minutes after starting time of a meal, compared to the controls. The levels of IRI in the subjects who took acarbose just before meals were lower at all times compared to the controls and other intakes. There was no significant difference in the area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC0-120) 1of plasma glucose during the 120 minute period after starting a meal between the subjects who took acarbose just before a meal, just after starting a meal, and 30 minutes after starting a meal. It was found that taking acarbose was therefore the most effecctive just before a meal but, if this is forgotten, it can still be effective if taken 15-30 minutes after starting a meal.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"7 1","pages":"715-720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84236875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-12-10DOI: 10.5649/jjphcs1975.25.663
徳昭 北田, 聡子 関戸, 睦展 吉岡, 隆之 辻, 雅克 渡, 和夫 黒田
We examined that the influences of pre-treatment with the peroral intestinal irrigator (Niflec®) for the 69 post-operative patients of colon cancer from June 1995 to June 1997.Number of irrigation methods have been increasing administrated at the Takarazuka City Hos-pital since 1995. The Niflec® irrigator was used for the 39 patients.In the patient group, in which such these irrigator were used, the administrative periods of theantibiotics significantly decreased. On the other hand, the hospital-stay of the these patients alsoshorted.In our investigation, the 1st and 2nd generation cephems were considered to be the first choicein post-operative infection control. Those drugs were thus used as the antibiotics of choice forthe infection control according to the species of the bacterium and their amounts. MRSAs wasnot detected.The results obtained from this survey suggest that pre-treatment of patients with a peroral in-testinal irrigator is therefore an effective treatment for post-operative infection control.
{"title":"結腸癌患者の術後感染管理に及ぼす経口腸管洗浄剤 (ニフレック®) の影響","authors":"徳昭 北田, 聡子 関戸, 睦展 吉岡, 隆之 辻, 雅克 渡, 和夫 黒田","doi":"10.5649/jjphcs1975.25.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.25.663","url":null,"abstract":"We examined that the influences of pre-treatment with the peroral intestinal irrigator (Niflec®) for the 69 post-operative patients of colon cancer from June 1995 to June 1997.Number of irrigation methods have been increasing administrated at the Takarazuka City Hos-pital since 1995. The Niflec® irrigator was used for the 39 patients.In the patient group, in which such these irrigator were used, the administrative periods of theantibiotics significantly decreased. On the other hand, the hospital-stay of the these patients alsoshorted.In our investigation, the 1st and 2nd generation cephems were considered to be the first choicein post-operative infection control. Those drugs were thus used as the antibiotics of choice forthe infection control according to the species of the bacterium and their amounts. MRSAs wasnot detected.The results obtained from this survey suggest that pre-treatment of patients with a peroral in-testinal irrigator is therefore an effective treatment for post-operative infection control.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"143 1","pages":"663-668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80314947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-12-10DOI: 10.5649/JJPHCS1975.25.595
M. Kudo, T. Ohkubo, K. Sugawara
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed for the determination of tosufloxacin in plasma. The plasma samples were directly introduced onto a HPLC precolumn, or after filtering through a Molcut (R) membrane filter, which prolonged the life time of the precolumn resulting from the removal high molecular proteins. The tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin as an internal standard in plasma or filtrate were separated from any interfering substances and then were concentrated on a pre-column using as ODS stationary phase and then were introduced to an analytical column with an ODS stationary phase by column switching. To-. sufloxacin and sparfloxacin were detected by ultraviolet absorption at 269 nm. The determination of tosufloxacin was possible over the concentration range of 50-1500 ng/mL ; and the limit of detection was 20 ng/mL. The recovery of tosufloxacin added to plasma was 96.2-99.5% with a coefficient of variation of less than 1.9%. This method is applicable to drug level monitoring in the plasma of patients being treated with tosufloxacin and in healthy volunteers participating in a scientific investigation to analyze the pharmacokinetics of drug-drug interaction of tosufloxacin.
{"title":"Determination of Tosufloxacin in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Column Switching","authors":"M. Kudo, T. Ohkubo, K. Sugawara","doi":"10.5649/JJPHCS1975.25.595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5649/JJPHCS1975.25.595","url":null,"abstract":"A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed for the determination of tosufloxacin in plasma. The plasma samples were directly introduced onto a HPLC precolumn, or after filtering through a Molcut (R) membrane filter, which prolonged the life time of the precolumn resulting from the removal high molecular proteins. The tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin as an internal standard in plasma or filtrate were separated from any interfering substances and then were concentrated on a pre-column using as ODS stationary phase and then were introduced to an analytical column with an ODS stationary phase by column switching. To-. sufloxacin and sparfloxacin were detected by ultraviolet absorption at 269 nm. The determination of tosufloxacin was possible over the concentration range of 50-1500 ng/mL ; and the limit of detection was 20 ng/mL. The recovery of tosufloxacin added to plasma was 96.2-99.5% with a coefficient of variation of less than 1.9%. This method is applicable to drug level monitoring in the plasma of patients being treated with tosufloxacin and in healthy volunteers participating in a scientific investigation to analyze the pharmacokinetics of drug-drug interaction of tosufloxacin.","PeriodicalId":14621,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","volume":"20 1","pages":"595-602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90686486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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