Pub Date : 2020-05-25DOI: 10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.108-116
Yuzuo Wang, W. Bi, Mohan Liu, Keyong Jiang, Mengqiang Wang, Luying Wang
As pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), C-type lectins (CTLs) have important roles in the recognition and clearance of pathogens by the innate immune system. In the present study, the first Cherax quadricarinatus CTL gene (designated CqCTL) was cloned and characterized. The complete cDNA sequence of CqCTL contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 543 bp, which encoded a protein of 180 amino acids. A carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) containing four conserved cysteines (Cys48, Cys59, Cys76, Cys177) and the EPD (Glu80-Pro81-Asn82) and QPD (Gln146-Pro147-Asn148) motifs were identified in the deduced amino acid sequence of CqCTL. The deduced tertiary structure of CqCTL revealed two α helices，five β sheets and two disulfide bonds. CqCTL exhibited high similarity with previously identified CTLs from other species. The mRNA transcripts of CqCTL were ubiquitously detectable in all the tested tissues, with the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. These results provide useful information on the potential role of CqCTL in the innate immune system of C. quadricarinatus, and lay the foundation for further studies on the CTLs of crustacean.
{"title":"The first identification of a C-type lectin gene (CqCTL) in Cherax quadricarinatus: sequence features and expression profiles","authors":"Yuzuo Wang, W. Bi, Mohan Liu, Keyong Jiang, Mengqiang Wang, Luying Wang","doi":"10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.108-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.108-116","url":null,"abstract":"As pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), C-type lectins (CTLs) have important roles in the recognition and clearance of pathogens by the innate immune system. In the present study, the first Cherax quadricarinatus CTL gene (designated CqCTL) was cloned and characterized. The complete cDNA sequence of CqCTL contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 543 bp, which encoded a protein of 180 amino acids. A carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) containing four conserved cysteines (Cys48, Cys59, Cys76, Cys177) and the EPD (Glu80-Pro81-Asn82) and QPD (Gln146-Pro147-Asn148) motifs were identified in the deduced amino acid sequence of CqCTL. The deduced tertiary structure of CqCTL revealed two α helices，five β sheets and two disulfide bonds. CqCTL exhibited high similarity with previously identified CTLs from other species. The mRNA transcripts of CqCTL were ubiquitously detectable in all the tested tissues, with the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. These results provide useful information on the potential role of CqCTL in the innate immune system of C. quadricarinatus, and lay the foundation for further studies on the CTLs of crustacean.","PeriodicalId":14623,"journal":{"name":"ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81350027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-25DOI: 10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.99-107
A. Zibaee, D. Malagoli
Agroecosystems are the habitat of pests and beneficial insects from different orders, which are exposed to agro-practices, especially treatments with chemicals. Insecticides are a wide group of chemicals used in agroecosystems that affect insect ecology and physiology in different ways. Among physiological components affected by insecticides, the immune system (IS) is an important one, enabling insects to resist against invading microorganisms and parasitoids thanks to the action of hemocytes and humoral components. So the determination of any immune alterations should be considered as a critical issue in insecticide application within agroecosystems. Insecticides of synthetic or natural origin, e.g. insect growth regulators (IGRs) and botanicals, are frequently cytotoxic and alter hemocyte morphology and number, impairing cellular-based immune responses in addition to humeral responses. Exposure of pollinators to neurotoxin insecticides like neonicotinoids may inhibit the immune-related transcription factor, NF-B, with a negative impact on the expression of antimicrobial peptides, melanization and clotting. In contrast, some IGRs may have enhancing effects on hemocyte spreading mainly plasmatocytes and cellular-based immune responses. Chemical insecticides have several impacts on the physiology of insects in which immune modulation is one of the most important cases because any alteration may alter their ability to respond toward invading pathogens and directly their survival. This is more severe once pollinators are in contact with chemicals because of the presence of several pathogenic agents that directly influence their performance.
{"title":"The potential immune alterations in insect pests and pollinators after insecticide exposure in agroecosystem","authors":"A. Zibaee, D. Malagoli","doi":"10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.99-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.99-107","url":null,"abstract":"Agroecosystems are the habitat of pests and beneficial insects from different orders, which are exposed to agro-practices, especially treatments with chemicals. Insecticides are a wide group of chemicals used in agroecosystems that affect insect ecology and physiology in different ways. Among physiological components affected by insecticides, the immune system (IS) is an important one, enabling insects to resist against invading microorganisms and parasitoids thanks to the action of hemocytes and humoral components. So the determination of any immune alterations should be considered as a critical issue in insecticide application within agroecosystems. Insecticides of synthetic or natural origin, e.g. insect growth regulators (IGRs) and botanicals, are frequently cytotoxic and alter hemocyte morphology and number, impairing cellular-based immune responses in addition to humeral responses. Exposure of pollinators to neurotoxin insecticides like neonicotinoids may inhibit the immune-related transcription factor, NF-B, with a negative impact on the expression of antimicrobial peptides, melanization and clotting. In contrast, some IGRs may have enhancing effects on hemocyte spreading mainly plasmatocytes and cellular-based immune responses. Chemical insecticides have several impacts on the physiology of insects in which immune modulation is one of the most important cases because any alteration may alter their ability to respond toward invading pathogens and directly their survival. This is more severe once pollinators are in contact with chemicals because of the presence of several pathogenic agents that directly influence their performance.","PeriodicalId":14623,"journal":{"name":"ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73061898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-25DOI: 10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.90-98
N. Baranzini, L. Pulze, F. Acquati, A. Grimaldi
Given the key role of innate immunity in both defense against pathogens and tissue regeneration, innovative studies are becoming crucial to provide further information on how both processes are linked together and to clarify how immune cells perform the coordinated regulation of the aforementioned processes. The present review is mainly focused on two proteins that have been recently found to carry out critical functions in innate immune system regulation, i. e. the Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) and RNASET2, a protein belonging to the T2 ribonuclease family. Their crucial role in both the activation and modulation of the inflammatory response and in the remodeling of connective tissue during grafts and wound repair have been thoroughly investigated in the medicinal leech and will pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to control immune and systemic responses to disease, injury, and bacterial infection, based on the functionalities of these biomolecules.
{"title":"Hirudo verbana as an alternative model to dissect the relationship between innate immunity and regeneration","authors":"N. Baranzini, L. Pulze, F. Acquati, A. Grimaldi","doi":"10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.90-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.90-98","url":null,"abstract":"Given the key role of innate immunity in both defense against pathogens and tissue regeneration, innovative studies are becoming crucial to provide further information on how both processes are linked together and to clarify how immune cells perform the coordinated regulation of the aforementioned processes. \u0000The present review is mainly focused on two proteins that have been recently found to carry out critical functions in innate immune system regulation, i. e. the Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) and RNASET2, a protein belonging to the T2 ribonuclease family. Their crucial role in both the activation and modulation of the inflammatory response and in the remodeling of connective tissue during grafts and wound repair have been thoroughly investigated in the medicinal leech and will pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to control immune and systemic responses to disease, injury, and bacterial infection, based on the functionalities of these biomolecules.","PeriodicalId":14623,"journal":{"name":"ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73047027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.75-89
C. André, Marc-Antoine Vaudreuil, S. V. Duy, S. Sauvé, F. Gagné
Excess rainfall events could lead to overflows and combined sewer overflows, which could threaten local mussel populations. This study sought to compare the long- term effects of combined sewer overflows and treated municipal effluents in caged Elliptio complanata mussels. Mussels were caged at 2 overflow sites, one downstream site of a major municipal effluent dispersion plume and a reference upstream site for 3 months during the summer. At the end of the exposure period, mussels were collected, analyzed for municipal contaminants (including pharmaceuticals), and effects biomarkers based on endocrine disruption (vitellogenin expression), xenobiotic detoxification (glutathione S-transferase and metallothioneins), oxidative stress/inflammation (cyclooxygenase and lipid peroxidation) and DNA damage. The data revealed that surface waters contained less pharmaceutical products than the downstream site but atrazine and its metabolite were at higher levels in overflow sites. Mussels contained elevated amounts of total heterotrophic bacteria, caffeine, acebutolol and venlafaxine at the downstream site relative to the upstream site where caffeine was higher at one of the overflow site. The levels of vitellogenin gene expression were significantly increased in both sexes of mussels caged at the downstream site only. Multivariate analysis revealed that the biomarker responses were completely separated between upstream, overflow and downstream sites. The site discrimination was based on vitellogenin, metallothioneins, DNA damage in gonad and digestive gland, gonad lipids/proteins reserves, lipid peroxidation, gonado-somatic index and condition factor. Adverse outcome pathways analysis using the power law approach revealed that most changes in the biomarkers identified by discriminant function analysis were significantly scaled to gonad energy reserves, tissue/ mussel size and loss of weight following air emersion stress. In conclusion, the toxic effects of mussels caged at overflow sites generally displayed lower responses than mussels caged downstream a treated municipal effluent suggesting that these overflows pose a lower risk than the continuous exposure to treated municipal effluent.
{"title":"Long-term and comparative impacts of combined sewers and municipal effluents to freshwater mussels","authors":"C. André, Marc-Antoine Vaudreuil, S. V. Duy, S. Sauvé, F. Gagné","doi":"10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.75-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.75-89","url":null,"abstract":"Excess rainfall events could lead to overflows and combined sewer overflows, which could threaten local mussel populations. This study sought to compare the long- term effects of combined sewer overflows and treated municipal effluents in caged Elliptio complanata mussels. Mussels were caged at 2 overflow sites, one downstream site of a major municipal effluent dispersion plume and a reference upstream site for 3 months during the summer. At the end of the exposure period, mussels were collected, analyzed for municipal contaminants (including pharmaceuticals), and effects biomarkers based on endocrine disruption (vitellogenin expression), xenobiotic detoxification (glutathione S-transferase and metallothioneins), oxidative stress/inflammation (cyclooxygenase and lipid peroxidation) and DNA damage. The data revealed that surface waters contained less pharmaceutical products than the downstream site but atrazine and its metabolite were at higher levels in overflow sites. Mussels contained elevated amounts of total heterotrophic bacteria, caffeine, acebutolol and venlafaxine at the downstream site relative to the upstream site where caffeine was higher at one of the overflow site. The levels of vitellogenin gene expression were significantly increased in both sexes of mussels caged at the downstream site only. Multivariate analysis revealed that the biomarker responses were completely separated between upstream, overflow and downstream sites. The site discrimination was based on vitellogenin, metallothioneins, DNA damage in gonad and digestive gland, gonad lipids/proteins reserves, lipid peroxidation, gonado-somatic index and condition factor. Adverse outcome pathways analysis using the power law approach revealed that most changes in the biomarkers identified by discriminant function analysis were significantly scaled to gonad energy reserves, tissue/ mussel size and loss of weight following air emersion stress. In conclusion, the toxic effects of mussels caged at overflow sites generally displayed lower responses than mussels caged downstream a treated municipal effluent suggesting that these overflows pose a lower risk than the continuous exposure to treated municipal effluent.","PeriodicalId":14623,"journal":{"name":"ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76751983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.63-74
AS Tokmakova, MK Serebryakova, EE Prokhorova, GL Ataev
Hemocytes, the cell of the hemolymph, play a key role in the immune response of pulmonate molluscs to various pathogens including trematode infection. The number of hemocytes is known to increase after immunization but the mechanism of their multiplication remains debatable, proliferative capacity being the stumbling block. Some scientists consider that hemocytes may proliferate, while others think that their multiplication is only possible in special hematopoietic centres. In this work we studied the proliferative activity of hemocytes in five species of pulmonate molluscs: Biomphalaria glabrata, Planorbarius corneus, Planorbis planorbis, Lymnaea stagnalis and Succinea putris. ImageStream technique was used for the study of the hemocyte populations of these molluscan species for the first time. The hemocytes of all the studied species were represented by two main types, granular cells and hyalinocytes. Microscopic and flow-cytometric study of the hemocytes with the use of EdU revealed some EdU-positive cells. However, the analysis of the cell cycle of the hemocytes showed that the amount of DNA in these cells was not increased. Thus, it remains unclear whether the cells of the hemolymph retain the capacity to multiplication.
{"title":"Study of the proliferative activity of hemolymph cells in pulmonate molluscs","authors":"AS Tokmakova, MK Serebryakova, EE Prokhorova, GL Ataev","doi":"10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.63-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.63-74","url":null,"abstract":"Hemocytes, the cell of the hemolymph, play a key role in the immune response of pulmonate molluscs to various pathogens including trematode infection. The number of hemocytes is known to increase after immunization but the mechanism of their multiplication remains debatable, proliferative capacity being the stumbling block. Some scientists consider that hemocytes may proliferate, while others think that their multiplication is only possible in special hematopoietic centres. In this work we studied the proliferative activity of hemocytes in five species of pulmonate molluscs: Biomphalaria glabrata, Planorbarius corneus, Planorbis planorbis, Lymnaea stagnalis and Succinea putris. ImageStream technique was used for the study of the hemocyte populations of these molluscan species for the first time. The hemocytes of all the studied species were represented by two main types, granular cells and hyalinocytes. Microscopic and flow-cytometric study of the hemocytes with the use of EdU revealed some EdU-positive cells. However, the analysis of the cell cycle of the hemocytes showed that the amount of DNA in these cells was not increased. Thus, it remains unclear whether the cells of the hemolymph retain the capacity to multiplication.","PeriodicalId":14623,"journal":{"name":"ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76734003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-04DOI: 10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.36-50
S. Han, L. Wang, Yuwang Wang, Yuqian Chen, Baojie Wang, Mengqiang Wang, J. Lin
Environmental stress can impair the survival, growth performance, and intestinal environment of shrimp. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of glutathione (GSH) on the survival, growth performance, intestinal oxidation, microbiota, and histology of shrimp under hypoxia. Four treatments were used: (1) normoxia, (2) cyclic serious/medium hypoxia (CSMH), (3) CSMH and 75 mg kg−1 GSH, and (4) CSMH and 150 mg kg−1 GSH. White shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) in groups 3 and 4 were fed a commercial diet supplemented with 75 and 150 mg kg−1 GSH for a 28 day period, respectively, and they were cultured under CSMH (0.8 – 3.5 mg L−1 dissolved oxygen) for the last 14 days of the experiment. P. vannamei supplemented with 75 mg kg−1 GSH showed significantly improved survival and growth performance under CSMH compared with the CSMH condition alone. The dose of 75 mg kg−1 GSH completely eliminated overproduction of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde to suppress serious histopathological lesions and improve bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Rhodobacteraceae, thereby preventing pathogen (e.g., Vibrio) invasion in the intestine of shrimp under CSMH. However, the dose of 150 mg kg−1 GSH was excessive, as it led to serious impairment of survival and growth. These results indicate that 75 mg kg−1 GSH has the potential to control shrimp mortality and growth inhibition under CSMH in the shrimp farm setting.
环境胁迫会影响对虾的生存、生长性能和肠道环境。本研究旨在探讨谷胱甘肽(GSH)对缺氧对虾的生存、生长性能、肠道氧化、微生物群和组织学的影响。采用四种处理:(1)常氧，(2)循环重度/中度缺氧(CSMH)， (3) CSMH + 75 mg kg - 1 GSH， (4) CSMH + 150 mg kg - 1 GSH。第3组和第4组凡纳滨对虾分别饲喂在商品饲料中添加75和150 mg kg - 1谷胱甘肽28 d，试验最后14 d在CSMH (0.8 ~ 3.5 mg L - 1溶解氧)条件下养殖。与单独添加75 mg kg - 1 GSH相比，CSMH条件下凡纳滨对虾的生存和生长性能显著提高。75 mg kg−1 GSH完全消除了活性氧和丙二醛的过量产生，抑制了严重的组织病理病变，提高了细菌多样性和有益菌(如红杆菌科)的相对丰度，从而防止了CSMH对虾肠道内病原体(如弧菌)的入侵。然而，150 mg kg - 1 GSH剂量过大，导致生存和生长严重受损。上述结果表明，75 mg kg - 1 GSH有可能控制CSMH条件下对虾的死亡和生长抑制。
{"title":"Effects of the glutathione administration via dietary on intestinal microbiota of white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, under cyclic hypoxia conditions","authors":"S. Han, L. Wang, Yuwang Wang, Yuqian Chen, Baojie Wang, Mengqiang Wang, J. Lin","doi":"10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.36-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.36-50","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental stress can impair the survival, growth performance, and intestinal environment of shrimp. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of glutathione (GSH) on the survival, growth performance, intestinal oxidation, microbiota, and histology of shrimp under hypoxia. Four treatments were used: (1) normoxia, (2) cyclic serious/medium hypoxia (CSMH), (3) CSMH and 75 mg kg−1 GSH, and (4) CSMH and 150 mg kg−1 GSH. White shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) in groups 3 and 4 were fed a commercial diet supplemented with 75 and 150 mg kg−1 GSH for a 28 day period, respectively, and they were cultured under CSMH (0.8 – 3.5 mg L−1 dissolved oxygen) for the last 14 days of the experiment. P. vannamei supplemented with 75 mg kg−1 GSH showed significantly improved survival and growth performance under CSMH compared with the CSMH condition alone. The dose of 75 mg kg−1 GSH completely eliminated overproduction of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde to suppress serious histopathological lesions and improve bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Rhodobacteraceae, thereby preventing pathogen (e.g., Vibrio) invasion in the intestine of shrimp under CSMH. However, the dose of 150 mg kg−1 GSH was excessive, as it led to serious impairment of survival and growth. These results indicate that 75 mg kg−1 GSH has the potential to control shrimp mortality and growth inhibition under CSMH in the shrimp farm setting.","PeriodicalId":14623,"journal":{"name":"ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83542673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-04DOI: 10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.51-62
Shuo Han, Y. Zheng, Zichao Yu, Qiang Fu, Xingye Lian, Liyan Wang, L. Song
The digestive glands of marine molluscs are colonized by a large number of microorganisms, and the structure and function of bacterial community could be severely affected by diets. Microalgae is the main food and energy sources for bivalves, while the impact of phytoplankton composition on the bacterial community as well as the health of bivalves are still not well understood. In the present study, the bacterial communities in digestive glands of oyster Crassostrea gigas fed with different diets were compared based on the high-throughput sequencing of partial 16S rRNA gene. There were significant differences of bacterial composition rather than diversity in digestive glands between the oysters fed with diatom dominant diet (Group N, mainly made up of Nitzschia closterium f.minutissima) and dinoflagellate dominant diet (Group P, mainly made up of Prorocentrum micans). The abundances of Prevotella, Vibronaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Polaribacter were significantly higher in Group N (p < 0.05), and the abundances of Streptophyta and Acidimicrobiales were significantly higher in Group P (p < 0.05). According to the functional prediction results, the bacterial community in Group P displayed weaker capacities of Kdo2-lipid A biosynthesis as well as taurine degradation, and a stronger capacity of glycolysis compared with the bacterial community in Group N. The higher phylogenetic clustering degree of the bacterial community in Group P (p < 0.05) indicated the higher host selectivity on bacteria. These results suggested that the change of phytoplankton composition of diet would have large effects on bacterial communities in oyster digestive glands. The bacterial community in digestive glands of oysters living in dinoflagellate dominant waters would produce harmful impact to hosts. The present study provided a new perspective to explore the potential mechanism for the massive mortalities of oysters.
{"title":"Comparative characterization of bacterial communities in digestive glands of Crassostrea gigas fed with different microalgal diets","authors":"Shuo Han, Y. Zheng, Zichao Yu, Qiang Fu, Xingye Lian, Liyan Wang, L. Song","doi":"10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.51-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.51-62","url":null,"abstract":"The digestive glands of marine molluscs are colonized by a large number of microorganisms, and the structure and function of bacterial community could be severely affected by diets. Microalgae is the main food and energy sources for bivalves, while the impact of phytoplankton composition on the bacterial community as well as the health of bivalves are still not well understood. In the present study, the bacterial communities in digestive glands of oyster Crassostrea gigas fed with different diets were compared based on the high-throughput sequencing of partial 16S rRNA gene. There were significant differences of bacterial composition rather than diversity in digestive glands between the oysters fed with diatom dominant diet (Group N, mainly made up of Nitzschia closterium f.minutissima) and dinoflagellate dominant diet (Group P, mainly made up of Prorocentrum micans). The abundances of Prevotella, Vibronaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Polaribacter were significantly higher in Group N (p < 0.05), and the abundances of Streptophyta and Acidimicrobiales were significantly higher in Group P (p < 0.05). According to the functional prediction results, the bacterial community in Group P displayed weaker capacities of Kdo2-lipid A biosynthesis as well as taurine degradation, and a stronger capacity of glycolysis compared with the bacterial community in Group N. The higher phylogenetic clustering degree of the bacterial community in Group P (p < 0.05) indicated the higher host selectivity on bacteria. These results suggested that the change of phytoplankton composition of diet would have large effects on bacterial communities in oyster digestive glands. The bacterial community in digestive glands of oysters living in dinoflagellate dominant waters would produce harmful impact to hosts. The present study provided a new perspective to explore the potential mechanism for the massive mortalities of oysters.","PeriodicalId":14623,"journal":{"name":"ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83088980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-10DOI: 10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.32-35
A. Karahan
{"title":"3rd general meeting and working group meetings of the COST Action 16203: STEM CELLS OF MARINE/AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES: FROM BASIC RESEARCH TO INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS (MARISTEM), December 3, 2019, METU-Culture and Convention Center (METU-CCC), METU-Ankara, T","authors":"A. Karahan","doi":"10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.32-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.32-35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14623,"journal":{"name":"ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82974038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.9-23
A. Grimaldi, M. Eguileor, Gianluca Tettamanti, R. Valvassori, N. Baranzini, D. Bruno, Aurora Montali, L. Pulze
The immune defence system of vertebrates in its molecular and cellular components is remarkably conserved from teleost fish, the more ancient extant representatives at the base of the evolutionary lineage that brings to mammals. Multiple observations support the hypothesis that a layered system of immune responses accumulated among vertebrates over evolution, and lower layers behave as the immune system actually present in extant fish species. In this view, lymphocytes are classified as responsible of acquired responses, but recent evidences show that mammalian lymphocyte subpopulations may behave as innate cells, engaging non-self rapidly and without antigen presentation. Innate-like lymphocytes i) maintain gut homeostasis and provide early responses to intestinal infections, ii) are involved in autoimmune diseases and cancer iii) are able to combat non-self in a MHC-independent fashion, iv) produce unbiased natural polyreactive antibodies, v) are associated to typical cytokine patterns. The main lymphocyte subpopulations displaying innate-like activities in mammals have been identified as B1-B cells, -T cells, MAIT cells, and NKT cells. Our research focuses on the spatial and temporal origin of fish lymphocyte populations, on their in vitro activities, and on the molecular and morphological signatures of fish lymphocytes. The aim is to predict knowledge related to mammalian innate lymphocytes from fish lymphocytes and to model human diseases. This review will present evidences suggesting the similarities between fish lymphocytes and mammalian innate-like lymphocytes. Acknowledgements Department of Excellence-2018” Program (Dipartimenti di Eccellenza) of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, DIBAFDepartment of University of Tuscia, Project “Landscape 4.0 – food, wellbeing and environment”.
脊椎动物的免疫防御系统的分子和细胞成分与硬骨鱼相比明显保守，硬骨鱼是哺乳动物进化谱系基础上更古老的现存代表。多种观察结果支持这样一种假设，即脊椎动物在进化过程中积累了一种分层的免疫反应系统，而较低层的免疫反应就像现存鱼类的免疫系统一样。在这一观点中，淋巴细胞被归类为负责获得性反应，但最近的证据表明，哺乳动物淋巴细胞亚群可能表现为先天细胞，迅速参与非自身和无抗原呈递。先天样淋巴细胞i)维持肠道内稳态并对肠道感染提供早期反应，ii)参与自身免疫性疾病和癌症，iii)能够以mhc独立的方式对抗非自身，iv)产生公正的天然多反应性抗体，v)与典型的细胞因子模式相关。哺乳动物中具有先天样活性的主要淋巴细胞亚群已被确定为B1-B细胞、-T细胞、MAIT细胞和NKT细胞。我们的研究重点是鱼类淋巴细胞群体的时空起源，它们的体外活性，以及鱼类淋巴细胞的分子和形态特征。目的是从鱼类淋巴细胞中预测与哺乳动物先天淋巴细胞相关的知识，并模拟人类疾病。本文就鱼类淋巴细胞与哺乳动物先天样淋巴细胞的相似性进行综述。感谢意大利教育、大学和研究部2018“卓越系”项目(Dipartimenti di Eccellenza)，图西亚大学dibaf系，项目“景观4.0 -食物、健康和环境”。
{"title":"XXIst scientific meeting of the Italian Association of Developmental and Comparative Immunobiology (IADCI), 12 - 14 February 2020, Department of Biotechnology and Life sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy","authors":"A. Grimaldi, M. Eguileor, Gianluca Tettamanti, R. Valvassori, N. Baranzini, D. Bruno, Aurora Montali, L. Pulze","doi":"10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.9-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.9-23","url":null,"abstract":"The immune defence system of vertebrates in its molecular and cellular components is remarkably conserved from teleost fish, the more ancient extant representatives at the base of the evolutionary lineage that brings to mammals. Multiple observations support the hypothesis that a layered system of immune responses accumulated among vertebrates over evolution, and lower layers behave as the immune system actually present in extant fish species. In this view, lymphocytes are classified as responsible of acquired responses, but recent evidences show that mammalian lymphocyte subpopulations may behave as innate cells, engaging non-self rapidly and without antigen presentation. Innate-like lymphocytes i) maintain gut homeostasis and provide early responses to intestinal infections, ii) are involved in autoimmune diseases and cancer iii) are able to combat non-self in a MHC-independent fashion, iv) produce unbiased natural polyreactive antibodies, v) are associated to typical cytokine patterns. The main lymphocyte subpopulations displaying innate-like activities in mammals have been identified as B1-B cells, -T cells, MAIT cells, and NKT cells. Our research focuses on the spatial and temporal origin of fish lymphocyte populations, on their in vitro activities, and on the molecular and morphological signatures of fish lymphocytes. The aim is to predict knowledge related to mammalian innate lymphocytes from fish lymphocytes and to model human diseases. This review will present evidences suggesting the similarities between fish lymphocytes and mammalian innate-like lymphocytes. Acknowledgements Department of Excellence-2018” Program (Dipartimenti di Eccellenza) of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, DIBAFDepartment of University of Tuscia, Project “Landscape 4.0 – food, wellbeing and environment”.","PeriodicalId":14623,"journal":{"name":"ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87130867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-14DOI: 10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.1-8
C. Mishra, S. Samal, A. Rout, A. Pattanayak, P. Acharya
Reduction in moisture in the top soil and decomposing organic substrate is likely to influence the epigeic earthworms along with the microbial population and exoenzyme secretions. This study reports the results of the effects of consistent moisture reduction in semidecomposed organic substrate on the tissue protein, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae along with pH, organic carbon reduction, bacterial-fungal population, activities of exoenzymes, amylase, cellulase, invertase over an experimental period of 22 days. Consistent depletion in tissue protein, increase in lipid peroxidation level and catalase activity was observed in the earthworm with moisture depletion. Catalase activity indicated significant negative correlation with substrate moisture. Significant differences in the carbon reduction, microbial population, exoenzyme activities in the substrate was observed with reduction of moisture and with respect to control. Significant positive correlation was observed between percent substrate moisture with microbial population and activities cellulase. It was concluded that desiccation of decomposing organics could enhance physiological stress on the earthworm and adversely impact the microbial population, exoenzyme secretions, consequently impairing mineralization.
{"title":"Evaluating the implications of moisture deprivation on certain biochemical parameters of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae with microbial population and exoenzyme activities of the organic substrate","authors":"C. Mishra, S. Samal, A. Rout, A. Pattanayak, P. Acharya","doi":"10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V0I0.1-8","url":null,"abstract":"Reduction in moisture in the top soil and decomposing organic substrate is likely to influence the epigeic earthworms along with the microbial population and exoenzyme secretions. This study reports the results of the effects of consistent moisture reduction in semidecomposed organic substrate on the tissue protein, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae along with pH, organic carbon reduction, bacterial-fungal population, activities of exoenzymes, amylase, cellulase, invertase over an experimental period of 22 days. Consistent depletion in tissue protein, increase in lipid peroxidation level and catalase activity was observed in the earthworm with moisture depletion. Catalase activity indicated significant negative correlation with substrate moisture. Significant differences in the carbon reduction, microbial population, exoenzyme activities in the substrate was observed with reduction of moisture and with respect to control. Significant positive correlation was observed between percent substrate moisture with microbial population and activities cellulase. It was concluded that desiccation of decomposing organics could enhance physiological stress on the earthworm and adversely impact the microbial population, exoenzyme secretions, consequently impairing mineralization.","PeriodicalId":14623,"journal":{"name":"ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78883978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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