Puneet Kumar, S. Salunkhe, R. Shanmugam, B. K. Bhuyan, A. Dahiya, Yuvaraj N.
Kevlar epoxy composite is a strong and light weight fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite material. It has wide applications in various domains such as aerospace, marine, automotive, military, and sports’ goods (Campbell, 2010). This paper describes the research work involved in studying the influence of process parameters on surface roughness and kerf taper and development of predicative model for the response in abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) of Kevlar epoxy composite. Design of experiments has been performed using response surface methodology and then based on experimental analysis predictive models have been developed to estimate surface roughness and kerf taper. In the present work, four process parameters namely stand-off distance, water pressure, traverse rate and abrasive mass flow rate are considered to study their influence on response characteristics. Experiments are performed according to response surface methodology design. The regression models have been developed to predict surface roughness, kerf taper and maximum delamination length in AWJM of Kevlar epoxy composite. Optimization of process parameters is performed to minimize surface roughness, kerf taper and delamination. Desirability function approach is used for optimization.
{"title":"Development of a Predictive Model and Optimization for the Kerf Properties and Delamination Length in AWJM of Kevlar Epoxy Composite","authors":"Puneet Kumar, S. Salunkhe, R. Shanmugam, B. K. Bhuyan, A. Dahiya, Yuvaraj N.","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96214","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Kevlar epoxy composite is a strong and light weight fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite material. It has wide applications in various domains such as aerospace, marine, automotive, military, and sports’ goods (Campbell, 2010). This paper describes the research work involved in studying the influence of process parameters on surface roughness and kerf taper and development of predicative model for the response in abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) of Kevlar epoxy composite. Design of experiments has been performed using response surface methodology and then based on experimental analysis predictive models have been developed to estimate surface roughness and kerf taper. In the present work, four process parameters namely stand-off distance, water pressure, traverse rate and abrasive mass flow rate are considered to study their influence on response characteristics. Experiments are performed according to response surface methodology design. The regression models have been developed to predict surface roughness, kerf taper and maximum delamination length in AWJM of Kevlar epoxy composite. Optimization of process parameters is performed to minimize surface roughness, kerf taper and delamination. Desirability function approach is used for optimization.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123935005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, novel unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithms for automatic image segmentation for the analysis of the micro-CT data for impact damage assessment in the composite materials have been developed. The algorithms are based on the statistical distances including the Kullback-Leibler divergence, the Helling distance, and the Renyi divergence. The developed algorithms have been applied to the analysis of low velocity impact damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The grayscale images from the CT scans of the impacted CFRP specimens have been analyzed to identify and isolate impact damage and optimal statistics-based damage thresholds have been found. The results show that the developed algorithms enable not only an automatic image segmentation, but also deliver statistics-based rigorous damage thresholds.
{"title":"Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Analysis of Low Velocity Impact Damage in Composite Structures From CT Image Data","authors":"O. Zhupanska, P. Krokhmal","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96262","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this work, novel unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithms for automatic image segmentation for the analysis of the micro-CT data for impact damage assessment in the composite materials have been developed. The algorithms are based on the statistical distances including the Kullback-Leibler divergence, the Helling distance, and the Renyi divergence.\u0000 The developed algorithms have been applied to the analysis of low velocity impact damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The grayscale images from the CT scans of the impacted CFRP specimens have been analyzed to identify and isolate impact damage and optimal statistics-based damage thresholds have been found. The results show that the developed algorithms enable not only an automatic image segmentation, but also deliver statistics-based rigorous damage thresholds.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124039462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present paper, guided wave propagation along a composite plate was simulated using a 3D Finite Element (FE) model in order to characterize the potential damage due to impact. The wave is induced by a piezoelectric transducer. A pristine composite case and various cases representing different commonly observed impact damage modes were created. The wavefield contour and out-of-plane displacement data at different sensors between the pristine and damage cases were then compared to differentiate type of damage existing within the composite plate. It is found that observed wave propagation pattern and signals had significant difference between delamination cases and pristine one and the maximum amplitude of out-of-plane displacement of the plate during wave propagation increases with increasing delamination size when wave reaches and passes damaged area. The wave propagation in a composite plate with earlier stage damage, i.e., matrix cracks simulated in the present study, however, shows little difference compared to the pristine case for the wavelet frequencies studied herein.
{"title":"Impact Damage Evaluations in a Composite Laminate Using Guided Wave-Based Simulation","authors":"Linqi Zhuang, Adarsh K. Chaurasia, A. Najafi","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the present paper, guided wave propagation along a composite plate was simulated using a 3D Finite Element (FE) model in order to characterize the potential damage due to impact. The wave is induced by a piezoelectric transducer. A pristine composite case and various cases representing different commonly observed impact damage modes were created. The wavefield contour and out-of-plane displacement data at different sensors between the pristine and damage cases were then compared to differentiate type of damage existing within the composite plate. It is found that observed wave propagation pattern and signals had significant difference between delamination cases and pristine one and the maximum amplitude of out-of-plane displacement of the plate during wave propagation increases with increasing delamination size when wave reaches and passes damaged area. The wave propagation in a composite plate with earlier stage damage, i.e., matrix cracks simulated in the present study, however, shows little difference compared to the pristine case for the wavelet frequencies studied herein.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"270 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115681743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) increase in prominence as tools for reconnaissance, exploration, and defense, it becomes more important to develop methods for realistically modeling their performance without the requirement for extensive testing. Numerical and empirical models have been developed for predicting critical performance parameters, including thrust and drag, from UAV geometry and hardware. However, due to the inherent uncertainties introduced by complex flow through a small rotor disk, much more development is needed before such models become accurate. The geometric spacing of the rotors on a quadcopter UAV is known to affect thrust produced, and it has been hypothesized that the decrease in thrust for closer spacing is due to interference between individual rotor vortices. This effect dictates the impact of rotor disk placement on the UAV’s hover and forward-flight efficiency; however, no relationship has been established between rotor separation and thrust reduction. Thus, the purpose of this study was twofold: To 1) develop a system for experimentally testing the thrust produced by a quadrotor UAV at varying rotor separation distances, and 2) begin developing empirical methods for modeling the effect of separation distance on thrust. As hypothesized, decreasing separation distance caused a statistically significant decrease in thrust; this relationship was more regularly modeled using a normalized-area rather than normalized-linear-distance relationship. This led the author to develop the concept of Area Separation Index (ASI), which accounts for separation by normalizing the square area of the rotor configuration by individual rotor disk area. Future research should examine larger datasets, attempt to improve data resolution, and use the preponderance of data to begin developing a robust mathematical model for the effect of normalized rotor separation on thrust.
{"title":"Experimental Model for Rotor Disk Vortex Interference Effects on Quadcopter UAV Thrust Performance","authors":"Emma San Martin, R. Melnyk","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96623","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) increase in prominence as tools for reconnaissance, exploration, and defense, it becomes more important to develop methods for realistically modeling their performance without the requirement for extensive testing. Numerical and empirical models have been developed for predicting critical performance parameters, including thrust and drag, from UAV geometry and hardware. However, due to the inherent uncertainties introduced by complex flow through a small rotor disk, much more development is needed before such models become accurate. The geometric spacing of the rotors on a quadcopter UAV is known to affect thrust produced, and it has been hypothesized that the decrease in thrust for closer spacing is due to interference between individual rotor vortices. This effect dictates the impact of rotor disk placement on the UAV’s hover and forward-flight efficiency; however, no relationship has been established between rotor separation and thrust reduction. Thus, the purpose of this study was twofold: To 1) develop a system for experimentally testing the thrust produced by a quadrotor UAV at varying rotor separation distances, and 2) begin developing empirical methods for modeling the effect of separation distance on thrust. As hypothesized, decreasing separation distance caused a statistically significant decrease in thrust; this relationship was more regularly modeled using a normalized-area rather than normalized-linear-distance relationship. This led the author to develop the concept of Area Separation Index (ASI), which accounts for separation by normalizing the square area of the rotor configuration by individual rotor disk area. Future research should examine larger datasets, attempt to improve data resolution, and use the preponderance of data to begin developing a robust mathematical model for the effect of normalized rotor separation on thrust.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116551842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an up-and-coming additive manufacturing technique that uses a laser as the power source and is specially developed for 3D Printing metal alloys. SLM advancement is significant since it can create custom property parts, reduce material usage and design freedom, and quickly manufacture complex components. The high energy density of laser generates various unwanted structural defects such as keyholes and porosity, which results in crack formation & distortion, and subsequent reduction in mechanical strength of the components. The present work aims to simulate the relevant physical configurations of the SLM process and identify process parameters and the effect of metal powder variation. A representative model based on Molecular Dynamics (MD) is developed to explore the sintering mechanism of metal powders. Open-source code LAMMPS (Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator) has been used to develop a working model to emulate a powder bed consisting of metal particles. The melting phenomenon is simulated by the heating layer of the metal particle bed. The results from this study will be able to predict the onset mechanism of porosity better and crack formation in Metal 3D printed parts.
{"title":"Prediction of Porosity and its Mechanisms in Metal Additive Manufacturing","authors":"R. Mohan, N. Ingle","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96918","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an up-and-coming additive manufacturing technique that uses a laser as the power source and is specially developed for 3D Printing metal alloys. SLM advancement is significant since it can create custom property parts, reduce material usage and design freedom, and quickly manufacture complex components.\u0000 The high energy density of laser generates various unwanted structural defects such as keyholes and porosity, which results in crack formation & distortion, and subsequent reduction in mechanical strength of the components.\u0000 The present work aims to simulate the relevant physical configurations of the SLM process and identify process parameters and the effect of metal powder variation. A representative model based on Molecular Dynamics (MD) is developed to explore the sintering mechanism of metal powders. Open-source code LAMMPS (Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator) has been used to develop a working model to emulate a powder bed consisting of metal particles. The melting phenomenon is simulated by the heating layer of the metal particle bed. The results from this study will be able to predict the onset mechanism of porosity better and crack formation in Metal 3D printed parts.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126500291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ultimate goal of this work is to facilitate the design of gas turbine engine particle separators by reducing the computational expense to accurately simulate the fluid flow and particle motion inside the separator. It has been well-documented that particle ingestion yields many detrimental impacts for gas turbine engines. This ingestion is of concern for operation in environments where dust, ash, or ice persist. The consequences of ice particle ingestion can range from surface-wear abrasion to engine power loss. Ice particles are chosen for this study because of their relevance to civil aviation. It is known that sufficiently small particles, characterized by small particle response times (τp), closely follow the fluid trajectory whereas large particles deviate from the streamlines. The behavior of small particles hints at a method for larger particle trajectories because the higher order terms (HOT) in the asymptotic particle acceleration solution can be shown to be O(τp). By explicitly considering τp, these HOT can be derived. Rather than manually deriving these terms, this work chooses to implicitly derive them using machine learning (ML). Inertial particle separators are devices designed to remove particles from the engine intake flow. Particle separators contribute to both elongating the lifespan and promoting safer operation of aviation gas turbine engines. Complex flows, such as flow through a particle separator, naturally have rotation and strain present throughout the flow field. This study attempts to understand if the motion of particles within rotational and strained canonical flows can be accurately predicted using supervised ML. This report suggests that preprocessing the ML training data to the fluid streamline coordinates can improve model training. Furthermore, this work provides some guidelines for applying ML, particularly deep feed-forward neural networks, with physics driven multiphase flow data. Additionally, the ML model is able to predict the particle accelerations in the fully rotational and irrotational canonical laminar flows quite well. For combined flows with rotation and strain, however, the model struggles to predict the particle accelerations.
{"title":"Predicting Motion of Engine-Ingested Particles Using Deep Neural Networks","authors":"Travis Bowman, Cairen J. Miranda, J. Palmore","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-93668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-93668","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ultimate goal of this work is to facilitate the design of gas turbine engine particle separators by reducing the computational expense to accurately simulate the fluid flow and particle motion inside the separator. It has been well-documented that particle ingestion yields many detrimental impacts for gas turbine engines. This ingestion is of concern for operation in environments where dust, ash, or ice persist. The consequences of ice particle ingestion can range from surface-wear abrasion to engine power loss. Ice particles are chosen for this study because of their relevance to civil aviation. It is known that sufficiently small particles, characterized by small particle response times (τp), closely follow the fluid trajectory whereas large particles deviate from the streamlines. The behavior of small particles hints at a method for larger particle trajectories because the higher order terms (HOT) in the asymptotic particle acceleration solution can be shown to be O(τp). By explicitly considering τp, these HOT can be derived. Rather than manually deriving these terms, this work chooses to implicitly derive them using machine learning (ML). Inertial particle separators are devices designed to remove particles from the engine intake flow. Particle separators contribute to both elongating the lifespan and promoting safer operation of aviation gas turbine engines. Complex flows, such as flow through a particle separator, naturally have rotation and strain present throughout the flow field. This study attempts to understand if the motion of particles within rotational and strained canonical flows can be accurately predicted using supervised ML. This report suggests that preprocessing the ML training data to the fluid streamline coordinates can improve model training. Furthermore, this work provides some guidelines for applying ML, particularly deep feed-forward neural networks, with physics driven multiphase flow data. Additionally, the ML model is able to predict the particle accelerations in the fully rotational and irrotational canonical laminar flows quite well. For combined flows with rotation and strain, however, the model struggles to predict the particle accelerations.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126477711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work was to develop a geared-hypocycloid engine to be able to determine its feasibility and performance characteristics. This was done by modifying an existing engine with a custom-designed geared mechanism to replace the conventional slider-crank mechanism (crankshaft). The geared-hypocycloid engine design takes advantage of the hypocycloid concept, more specifically when the diameter of the inner circle is equal to the radius of the outer circle. In this specific case, the piston moves only in the longitudinal direction along the cylinder, and in a true sinusoidal motion. This motion results in reduced mechanical losses by friction of the piston head against the cylinder due to very little side forces action on the piston, as well as the piston remaining near the top-dead center, and thus in higher in-cylinder pressure, for a longer period of time. Consequently, higher torque and power output can be achieved with no increase in fuel consumption, resulting in higher efficiency. Vibrations were found to be considerably low but the geared mechanism showed high noise during operation. The engine performance parameters such as the rotational speed, torque output and fuel consumption were measured on a dynamometer. This data allowed for power, specific fuel consumption and overall efficiency to be calculated.
{"title":"Experimental Study of a Novel 4 Stroke Spark Ignition Geared-Hypocycloid Engine","authors":"Alexandre Nunes, F. Brójo","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95368","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this work was to develop a geared-hypocycloid engine to be able to determine its feasibility and performance characteristics. This was done by modifying an existing engine with a custom-designed geared mechanism to replace the conventional slider-crank mechanism (crankshaft).\u0000 The geared-hypocycloid engine design takes advantage of the hypocycloid concept, more specifically when the diameter of the inner circle is equal to the radius of the outer circle. In this specific case, the piston moves only in the longitudinal direction along the cylinder, and in a true sinusoidal motion. This motion results in reduced mechanical losses by friction of the piston head against the cylinder due to very little side forces action on the piston, as well as the piston remaining near the top-dead center, and thus in higher in-cylinder pressure, for a longer period of time. Consequently, higher torque and power output can be achieved with no increase in fuel consumption, resulting in higher efficiency. Vibrations were found to be considerably low but the geared mechanism showed high noise during operation.\u0000 The engine performance parameters such as the rotational speed, torque output and fuel consumption were measured on a dynamometer. This data allowed for power, specific fuel consumption and overall efficiency to be calculated.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133694407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Casey R. Corrado, William Skelton, A. Angilella, Kristine Rosfjord
Metamaterials exhibit unique properties that are often not found in nature, making them advantageous in challenging engineering applications. These materials, however, are extremely difficult and time consuming to design, typically requiring custom algorithm development for a specific application. For metamaterials to be more readily created and implemented, an easily accessible design method that uses commercially available tools is needed. With the integration of optimization packages, commercially available finite element analysis software now presents an opportunity for the constrained design of metamaterials. This work investigates using topology optimization (TO) capabilities within commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software to create a methodology for targeted metamaterial design. This study focuses on auxetic materials, those exhibiting negative Poisson’s ratio, as an example case. An overview of the design process and topology optimization objectives, constraints, and boundary conditions will be provided, as well as a description of the challenges associated with utilizing a commercial FEA method.
{"title":"Auxetic Metamaterial Development With Commercial Finite Element Tools","authors":"Casey R. Corrado, William Skelton, A. Angilella, Kristine Rosfjord","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95464","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Metamaterials exhibit unique properties that are often not found in nature, making them advantageous in challenging engineering applications. These materials, however, are extremely difficult and time consuming to design, typically requiring custom algorithm development for a specific application. For metamaterials to be more readily created and implemented, an easily accessible design method that uses commercially available tools is needed. With the integration of optimization packages, commercially available finite element analysis software now presents an opportunity for the constrained design of metamaterials. This work investigates using topology optimization (TO) capabilities within commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software to create a methodology for targeted metamaterial design. This study focuses on auxetic materials, those exhibiting negative Poisson’s ratio, as an example case. An overview of the design process and topology optimization objectives, constraints, and boundary conditions will be provided, as well as a description of the challenges associated with utilizing a commercial FEA method.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"281 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116072206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoud Yekani Fard, R. Raman, Yesenia Orozco, Aditi Tata
Buckypaper (BP) is a complex 3D CNT structure with randomly distributed CNTs. The size of the CNT network and interphase can potentially affect the fracture behavior of BP nanocomposite on a larger length scale. For multiwall carbon nanotube BP, the main pore sizes range between 20–35 nm (intrabundle) and 65–110 nm (inter bundle). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) have proven nano and sub-micron inhomogeneities in BP membranes. These inhomogeneities affect the macroscale mechanical response of BP membranes due to the local high modulus mismatch among CNT particles, the CNT networks, and the polymer. The geometry (shape and size) and the spatial locations (depth and distance between the networks) of the buried CNT networks are amongst critical parameters for the degree of the mechanical mismatch. Atomic Force Microscopy-based Peak Force Quantitative Nanomechanics Mapping (PFQNM) technique is used to quantify the nano- and micro-properties of CNT networks and interphase. Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens are used for mode I fracture characterization. The compliance Calibration technique is used to calculate the initiation and propagation energy release rate. The authors use the Weibull model to examine material properties’ statistical distribution. Weibull statistics link the probability of an event such as CNT network size and interphase thickness.
{"title":"Effects of the CNT Network Size and Interphase on Mode I Fracture of Buckypaper Nanocomposites","authors":"Masoud Yekani Fard, R. Raman, Yesenia Orozco, Aditi Tata","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95573","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Buckypaper (BP) is a complex 3D CNT structure with randomly distributed CNTs. The size of the CNT network and interphase can potentially affect the fracture behavior of BP nanocomposite on a larger length scale. For multiwall carbon nanotube BP, the main pore sizes range between 20–35 nm (intrabundle) and 65–110 nm (inter bundle). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) have proven nano and sub-micron inhomogeneities in BP membranes. These inhomogeneities affect the macroscale mechanical response of BP membranes due to the local high modulus mismatch among CNT particles, the CNT networks, and the polymer. The geometry (shape and size) and the spatial locations (depth and distance between the networks) of the buried CNT networks are amongst critical parameters for the degree of the mechanical mismatch. Atomic Force Microscopy-based Peak Force Quantitative Nanomechanics Mapping (PFQNM) technique is used to quantify the nano- and micro-properties of CNT networks and interphase. Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens are used for mode I fracture characterization. The compliance Calibration technique is used to calculate the initiation and propagation energy release rate. The authors use the Weibull model to examine material properties’ statistical distribution. Weibull statistics link the probability of an event such as CNT network size and interphase thickness.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122377077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Kumar, Amit Shukla, Ayush Gupta, Ashok Kumar Shivratri
The involvement of unmanned aerial vehicles in the civilian domains has made the task quite speedy, cost-effective, and risk-free. This paper provides a general approach to how horizontal civil structures such as bridges can be tracked and monitored using unmanned aerial vehicles. The work is divided into two sections. The first one is the identification of horizontal structures, followed by structure tracking. Images taken from the mounted camera on the UAV are first processed to extract features with the help of computer vision. Then, from the features, the important parameters are taken out to design a controller that handles the tracking process. Also, during this tracking process, the whole structure area is scanned. This work contains simulation results of vision-based structure tracking done on a gazebo simulator.
{"title":"Vision-Based Horizontal Structure Tracking and Inspection via Unmanned Aerial Vehicle","authors":"Amit Kumar, Amit Shukla, Ayush Gupta, Ashok Kumar Shivratri","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95728","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The involvement of unmanned aerial vehicles in the civilian domains has made the task quite speedy, cost-effective, and risk-free. This paper provides a general approach to how horizontal civil structures such as bridges can be tracked and monitored using unmanned aerial vehicles. The work is divided into two sections. The first one is the identification of horizontal structures, followed by structure tracking. Images taken from the mounted camera on the UAV are first processed to extract features with the help of computer vision. Then, from the features, the important parameters are taken out to design a controller that handles the tracking process. Also, during this tracking process, the whole structure area is scanned. This work contains simulation results of vision-based structure tracking done on a gazebo simulator.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121090016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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