Amit Kumar, Amit Shukla, Ayush Gupta, Ashok Kumar Shivratri
The involvement of unmanned aerial vehicles in the civilian domains has made the task quite speedy, cost-effective, and risk-free. This paper provides a general approach to how horizontal civil structures such as bridges can be tracked and monitored using unmanned aerial vehicles. The work is divided into two sections. The first one is the identification of horizontal structures, followed by structure tracking. Images taken from the mounted camera on the UAV are first processed to extract features with the help of computer vision. Then, from the features, the important parameters are taken out to design a controller that handles the tracking process. Also, during this tracking process, the whole structure area is scanned. This work contains simulation results of vision-based structure tracking done on a gazebo simulator.
{"title":"Vision-Based Horizontal Structure Tracking and Inspection via Unmanned Aerial Vehicle","authors":"Amit Kumar, Amit Shukla, Ayush Gupta, Ashok Kumar Shivratri","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95728","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The involvement of unmanned aerial vehicles in the civilian domains has made the task quite speedy, cost-effective, and risk-free. This paper provides a general approach to how horizontal civil structures such as bridges can be tracked and monitored using unmanned aerial vehicles. The work is divided into two sections. The first one is the identification of horizontal structures, followed by structure tracking. Images taken from the mounted camera on the UAV are first processed to extract features with the help of computer vision. Then, from the features, the important parameters are taken out to design a controller that handles the tracking process. Also, during this tracking process, the whole structure area is scanned. This work contains simulation results of vision-based structure tracking done on a gazebo simulator.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121090016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is well known that cellular materials (including porous materials) are widely observed in engineered and nature systems, because their mechanical performance is excellent, such as compressive deformation and energy absorption against impact loading. The mechanical response is significantly dependent on their inherent cellular structure, i.e., geometric arrangement pattern. A nonuniform arrangement could provide a significant variation of mechanical performance, and then material selection and geometrical designs are challenge. This study established machine-learning (ML) based framework to design geometrical arrangement (architecture) in cellular material to achieve better mechanical performance against uniaxial compression. Especially, we investigated peak force at plateau region and work of energy absorption until structural densification. Cellular material having various pattern of internal geometry was modeled using finite element method (FEM), and we simulated uniaxial deformation behavior, which was used as training data (teaching data) for machine learning method. This study employed neural network (NN) for machine learning method, which connects cellular geometric pattern with mechanical performance (force - displacement curve and peak force - work of energy absorption relationship). Our results showed that the proposed framework is capable of predicting the mechanical response of any given geometric pattern within the domain of our setting. Thus, it is useful to discover cellular structure in order to achieve desired mechanical response.
{"title":"Accelerated Structural Design of Cellular Materials for Compressive Deformation Using a Machine-Learning","authors":"Jin-gui Song, Aoi Takagi, Genki Mitsuhashi, Kohei Saito, Kazuma Ogata, Takeru Miyagawa, A. Yonezu","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95522","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is well known that cellular materials (including porous materials) are widely observed in engineered and nature systems, because their mechanical performance is excellent, such as compressive deformation and energy absorption against impact loading. The mechanical response is significantly dependent on their inherent cellular structure, i.e., geometric arrangement pattern. A nonuniform arrangement could provide a significant variation of mechanical performance, and then material selection and geometrical designs are challenge. This study established machine-learning (ML) based framework to design geometrical arrangement (architecture) in cellular material to achieve better mechanical performance against uniaxial compression. Especially, we investigated peak force at plateau region and work of energy absorption until structural densification. Cellular material having various pattern of internal geometry was modeled using finite element method (FEM), and we simulated uniaxial deformation behavior, which was used as training data (teaching data) for machine learning method. This study employed neural network (NN) for machine learning method, which connects cellular geometric pattern with mechanical performance (force - displacement curve and peak force - work of energy absorption relationship). Our results showed that the proposed framework is capable of predicting the mechanical response of any given geometric pattern within the domain of our setting. Thus, it is useful to discover cellular structure in order to achieve desired mechanical response.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116677752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of the satellite not only relies on environmental factors but also is impacted by internal disturbances. The influential factors complicate the design of accurate controllers for attitude adjustments. The proposed research addresses this control problem by introducing a Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC) tuned by a fuzzy inference system. Here, the learning weights and the gain inputs of the BELBIC are adjusted using a fuzzy inference system. In contrast, the initial parameters of the fuzzy inference system are adapted through the whale optimization algorithm. We validate and evaluate the performance of the proposed intelligent controller utilizing simulation studies. The results demonstrate the applicability and satisfactory performance of the proposed controller compared to the PID-BELBIC.
{"title":"A Novel Fuzzy-BELBIC Structure for the Adaptive Control of Satellite Attitude","authors":"Kosar Safari, Farhad Imani","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The performance of the satellite not only relies on environmental factors but also is impacted by internal disturbances. The influential factors complicate the design of accurate controllers for attitude adjustments. The proposed research addresses this control problem by introducing a Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC) tuned by a fuzzy inference system. Here, the learning weights and the gain inputs of the BELBIC are adjusted using a fuzzy inference system. In contrast, the initial parameters of the fuzzy inference system are adapted through the whale optimization algorithm. We validate and evaluate the performance of the proposed intelligent controller utilizing simulation studies. The results demonstrate the applicability and satisfactory performance of the proposed controller compared to the PID-BELBIC.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126045545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margaret Nowicki, Sara Sheward, Lane Zuchowski, Seth Addeo, Owen States, Oreofeoluwa Omolade, Steven Andreen, N. Ku, Lionel Vargas-Gonzalez, Jennifer L. Bennett
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a growing field in which products are created through the addition of materials in a layer-by-layer fashion. Ceramics are typically manufactured using powder compaction and sintering. Ceramic AM is typically executed using Selective Lase Sintering (SLS) techniques to fuse powders using a laser. As with many AM techniques this process allows for the inclusion of unique and complex geometries but does not easily allow for gradient or composite material features. Conclusions from previous investigations indicate chaotic mixing, achieved through integrating a disrupted nubbed section on a traditional screw auger, was more effective for achieving composite homogeneity. However, channel depth results conflicted upon integration of nubbed sections: the existing simulation does not accurately match this inconsistency in the test data. Current work strives to close the gap between test data and simulation, and specifically match this inconsistency between the effect of channel depth and nubbed sections independently, and when combined. The goal is to seamlessly transition between mixtures while minimizing or eliminating waste. To achieve this, it will be necessary to not only understand how print head volume and geometries impact transport, but also determine the impact of gcode on improving transition speed while minimizing material waste.
{"title":"Additive Manufacturing With Ceramic Slurries","authors":"Margaret Nowicki, Sara Sheward, Lane Zuchowski, Seth Addeo, Owen States, Oreofeoluwa Omolade, Steven Andreen, N. Ku, Lionel Vargas-Gonzalez, Jennifer L. Bennett","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Additive manufacturing (AM) is a growing field in which products are created through the addition of materials in a layer-by-layer fashion. Ceramics are typically manufactured using powder compaction and sintering. Ceramic AM is typically executed using Selective Lase Sintering (SLS) techniques to fuse powders using a laser. As with many AM techniques this process allows for the inclusion of unique and complex geometries but does not easily allow for gradient or composite material features. Conclusions from previous investigations indicate chaotic mixing, achieved through integrating a disrupted nubbed section on a traditional screw auger, was more effective for achieving composite homogeneity. However, channel depth results conflicted upon integration of nubbed sections: the existing simulation does not accurately match this inconsistency in the test data. Current work strives to close the gap between test data and simulation, and specifically match this inconsistency between the effect of channel depth and nubbed sections independently, and when combined. The goal is to seamlessly transition between mixtures while minimizing or eliminating waste. To achieve this, it will be necessary to not only understand how print head volume and geometries impact transport, but also determine the impact of gcode on improving transition speed while minimizing material waste.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126603048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent times, interest in the fabrication of porous NiTi structures have grown significantly. Porous structures have remarkable potential to be used in the areas of tissue engineering, impact absorption, and fluid permeability. However, fabrication of NiTi structures poses challenges such as poor machinability, high work hardening, and inherent springback effects, which render them difficult to tackle through conventional manufacturing routes. Additive manufacturing (AM) can alleviate the aforementioned issues associated with NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs). In addition, this technology can be employed for producing metallic scaffolds and porous structures of complex architectural details. Recently, a class of minimal surface topologies, known as triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures has emerged as an attractive configuration for building architected constructs. Very little work can be found in the literature addressing the fabrication of NiTi TPMS structures and investigating their behaviors. The complex geometries of these structures may influence the dynamics of the melt pool in beam-based AM processes as well as the solidification rate within different regions of a product, thereby affecting the microstructures of fabricated parts. An inhomogeneity in microstructures of fabricated parts was observed, which motivated a detailed examination of these structures. The novelty of the present work lies in studying the influence of geometries of NiTi TPMS lattices along with laser process parameters.
{"title":"Inhomogeneous Microstructure due to Non-Uniform Solidification Rate in NiTi Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) Structures Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion","authors":"Shahadat Hussain, Alireza Alagha, W. Zaki","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95320","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent times, interest in the fabrication of porous NiTi structures have grown significantly. Porous structures have remarkable potential to be used in the areas of tissue engineering, impact absorption, and fluid permeability. However, fabrication of NiTi structures poses challenges such as poor machinability, high work hardening, and inherent springback effects, which render them difficult to tackle through conventional manufacturing routes. Additive manufacturing (AM) can alleviate the aforementioned issues associated with NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs). In addition, this technology can be employed for producing metallic scaffolds and porous structures of complex architectural details. Recently, a class of minimal surface topologies, known as triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures has emerged as an attractive configuration for building architected constructs. Very little work can be found in the literature addressing the fabrication of NiTi TPMS structures and investigating their behaviors. The complex geometries of these structures may influence the dynamics of the melt pool in beam-based AM processes as well as the solidification rate within different regions of a product, thereby affecting the microstructures of fabricated parts. An inhomogeneity in microstructures of fabricated parts was observed, which motivated a detailed examination of these structures. The novelty of the present work lies in studying the influence of geometries of NiTi TPMS lattices along with laser process parameters.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128058122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rahman, Javier Becerril, Dipannita Ghosh, Nazmul Islam, A. Ashraf
Infrared (IR) thermography is a non-contact method of measuring temperature that analyzes the infrared radiation emitted by an object. Properties of polymer composites are heavily influenced by the filler material, filler size, and filler dispersion, and thus thermographic analysis can be a useful tool to determine the curing and filler dispersion. In this study, we investigated the curing mechanisms of polymer composites at the microscale by capturing real-time temperature using an IR Thermal Camera. Silicone polymers with fillers of Graphene, Graphite powder, Graphite flake, and Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) were subsequently poured into a customized 3D printed mold for thermography. The nanocomposites were microscopically heated with a Nichrome resistance wire, and real-time surface temperatures were measured using different Softwares. This infrared thermal camera divides the target area into 640 × 480 pixels, allowing measurement and analysis of the sample with a resolution of 65 micrometers. Depending on the filler material, the temperature rises to a certain maximum point before curing, and once curing is complete, polymer composites exhibit a rapid temperature change indicating a transition from viscous fluid to solid. MoS2, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) without filler, and PDMS with larger filler are ranked in order of maximum constant temperature. PDMS (without filler) cures in 500s, while PDMS-Graphene and PDMS Graphite Powder cure in about 800s. The curing time for PDMS Graphite flake is slightly longer (950s), while MoS2 is around 520s. Therefore, this technique can indicate the influence of fillers on the curing of composites at the microscale, which is difficult to achieve by conventional methods such as differential scanning calorimetry. This nondestructive, low-cost, fast infrared thermography can be used to analyze the properties of polymer composites with different fillers and dispersion qualities in a variety of applications including precision additive manufacturing and quality control of curable composite inks.
{"title":"Non-Destructive Infrared Thermographic Curing Analysis of Polymer Composites","authors":"M. Rahman, Javier Becerril, Dipannita Ghosh, Nazmul Islam, A. Ashraf","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Infrared (IR) thermography is a non-contact method of measuring temperature that analyzes the infrared radiation emitted by an object. Properties of polymer composites are heavily influenced by the filler material, filler size, and filler dispersion, and thus thermographic analysis can be a useful tool to determine the curing and filler dispersion. In this study, we investigated the curing mechanisms of polymer composites at the microscale by capturing real-time temperature using an IR Thermal Camera. Silicone polymers with fillers of Graphene, Graphite powder, Graphite flake, and Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) were subsequently poured into a customized 3D printed mold for thermography. The nanocomposites were microscopically heated with a Nichrome resistance wire, and real-time surface temperatures were measured using different Softwares. This infrared thermal camera divides the target area into 640 × 480 pixels, allowing measurement and analysis of the sample with a resolution of 65 micrometers. Depending on the filler material, the temperature rises to a certain maximum point before curing, and once curing is complete, polymer composites exhibit a rapid temperature change indicating a transition from viscous fluid to solid. MoS2, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) without filler, and PDMS with larger filler are ranked in order of maximum constant temperature. PDMS (without filler) cures in 500s, while PDMS-Graphene and PDMS Graphite Powder cure in about 800s. The curing time for PDMS Graphite flake is slightly longer (950s), while MoS2 is around 520s. Therefore, this technique can indicate the influence of fillers on the curing of composites at the microscale, which is difficult to achieve by conventional methods such as differential scanning calorimetry. This nondestructive, low-cost, fast infrared thermography can be used to analyze the properties of polymer composites with different fillers and dispersion qualities in a variety of applications including precision additive manufacturing and quality control of curable composite inks.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133595027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Duncan, R. Perkins, Daniel Johnson, M. Chandler, Robert Moser, J. Sherburn, Y. Hammi
Concrete is a widely implemented material in simulation codes and understanding its response in different loading scenarios is of interest to researchers. Notably, concrete is an extremely versatile material for many different types of applications due to its ability to withstand high compressive loading conditions at an affordable cost. For this reason, it is of a strong interest to many researchers. Specifically, understanding the response of the concrete materials in ballistic loading conditions is of importance for scenarios such as military and defense applications. Furthermore, computational models have been developed to simulate the response of contentious materials in these loading conditions. In our study, a computational finite element analysis is conducted to evaluate the response of the high strength concrete denoted as BBR9. The mechanical response of this concrete is captured using two constitutive material models denoted as the Concrete Damage and Plasticity Model 2 (CDPM2) and the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) concrete model. In this study, the material parameters of these concrete models are calibrated using existing experimental data found in literature. Specifically, confined triaxial compression and uniaxial compressive experiments (for multiple strain rates) are used to determine the parameters which are implemented to define the response of the BBR9 concrete for each material model. These calibrated material models are implemented to conduct finite element simulations to capture the ballistic impact response of the BBR9 concrete. The finite element simulations are conducted using impact velocities ranging from 300m/s to 1300m/s to present a wide ranged assessment of the energy transfer between the projectile and the BBR9 concrete targets due to the impact. Additionally, for our study a BBR9 target thickness of 25.4mm and a simple spherical projectile is considered. A numerical assessment of the material models is presented by comparing the impact velocity against the residual velocity for each simulation point considered in this study. These results present an assessment of the concrete models and also provides a conceptual validation of their responses. The material models are also qualitatively compared through crater and scabbing diameter results of the targets. The CDPM2 model presents scabbing on the front and rear surfaces of the concrete target, while the HJC model shows cratering of the impact site. Additional experimental studies are warranted to assess the response of this concrete under ballistic loads. Further, future experimental studies can be used to validate these finite element constitutive material models in the appropriate referent of the ballistic impacts.
{"title":"Comparison of Ballistic Impact Simulations Using Different Constitutive Material Models of Concrete","authors":"C. Duncan, R. Perkins, Daniel Johnson, M. Chandler, Robert Moser, J. Sherburn, Y. Hammi","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94248","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Concrete is a widely implemented material in simulation codes and understanding its response in different loading scenarios is of interest to researchers. Notably, concrete is an extremely versatile material for many different types of applications due to its ability to withstand high compressive loading conditions at an affordable cost. For this reason, it is of a strong interest to many researchers. Specifically, understanding the response of the concrete materials in ballistic loading conditions is of importance for scenarios such as military and defense applications. Furthermore, computational models have been developed to simulate the response of contentious materials in these loading conditions. In our study, a computational finite element analysis is conducted to evaluate the response of the high strength concrete denoted as BBR9. The mechanical response of this concrete is captured using two constitutive material models denoted as the Concrete Damage and Plasticity Model 2 (CDPM2) and the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) concrete model. In this study, the material parameters of these concrete models are calibrated using existing experimental data found in literature. Specifically, confined triaxial compression and uniaxial compressive experiments (for multiple strain rates) are used to determine the parameters which are implemented to define the response of the BBR9 concrete for each material model. These calibrated material models are implemented to conduct finite element simulations to capture the ballistic impact response of the BBR9 concrete. The finite element simulations are conducted using impact velocities ranging from 300m/s to 1300m/s to present a wide ranged assessment of the energy transfer between the projectile and the BBR9 concrete targets due to the impact. Additionally, for our study a BBR9 target thickness of 25.4mm and a simple spherical projectile is considered. A numerical assessment of the material models is presented by comparing the impact velocity against the residual velocity for each simulation point considered in this study. These results present an assessment of the concrete models and also provides a conceptual validation of their responses. The material models are also qualitatively compared through crater and scabbing diameter results of the targets. The CDPM2 model presents scabbing on the front and rear surfaces of the concrete target, while the HJC model shows cratering of the impact site. Additional experimental studies are warranted to assess the response of this concrete under ballistic loads. Further, future experimental studies can be used to validate these finite element constitutive material models in the appropriate referent of the ballistic impacts.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131608735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashok Kumar Sivarathri, Amit Shukla, Ayush Gupta, Amit Kumar
UAV-AGV heterogeneous multi-agent robotic system has drawn the attention of researchers to explore its capabilities in different perspectives. The UAV-AGV can concatenate their individual capabilities to overcome the drawbacks of each. UAV will benefit in payload and AGV will have the navigation guidance due to the presence of UAV. Collaborative kinematics between both agents is basic requirement of the system. Vision-based method is one of the techniques to implement collaborative motion. A high-level sliding mode controller is developed and validated for the vision-based navigation of UAV for reaching the target/AGV. Gazebo simulations are performed for trajectory tracking in the image frame to reach the target by the UAV. UAV autonomously detects the target and plans the trajectory to reach it. Apparent size-based depth controller is developed for the UAV and simulated in the Gazebo. Altitude trajectory tracking is implemented for the UAV using sliding model controller. Sliding mode based high-level controllers are performing well for the navigation of UAV and trajectory tracking in the image frame opens a different approach for the reaching of AGV by UAV. A non-linear depth controller is developed and simulated in Gazebo which can be useful for the landing task of UAV over AGV.
{"title":"Trajectory Tracking in the Image Frame for Autonomous Navigation of UAV in UAV-AGV Multi-Agent System","authors":"Ashok Kumar Sivarathri, Amit Shukla, Ayush Gupta, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95750","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 UAV-AGV heterogeneous multi-agent robotic system has drawn the attention of researchers to explore its capabilities in different perspectives. The UAV-AGV can concatenate their individual capabilities to overcome the drawbacks of each. UAV will benefit in payload and AGV will have the navigation guidance due to the presence of UAV. Collaborative kinematics between both agents is basic requirement of the system. Vision-based method is one of the techniques to implement collaborative motion. A high-level sliding mode controller is developed and validated for the vision-based navigation of UAV for reaching the target/AGV. Gazebo simulations are performed for trajectory tracking in the image frame to reach the target by the UAV. UAV autonomously detects the target and plans the trajectory to reach it. Apparent size-based depth controller is developed for the UAV and simulated in the Gazebo. Altitude trajectory tracking is implemented for the UAV using sliding model controller. Sliding mode based high-level controllers are performing well for the navigation of UAV and trajectory tracking in the image frame opens a different approach for the reaching of AGV by UAV. A non-linear depth controller is developed and simulated in Gazebo which can be useful for the landing task of UAV over AGV.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127737326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several bomb explosion assaults against military personnel, police officers, and public and civil structures have occurred in recent years, resulting in a significant loss. As a result, society requires increased protection and defense for current constructions from loads of oblasts. In the middle of the many options, retrofitting reinforced concrete and masonry structures with numerous forms and types of materials of composite and fiber is an excellent way to improve resistance to the blast. This paper provides a recent review of extant works & papers on polymers, composite & fibrous materials used for elements of structure defense from the blast, as well as a list of research gaps that need to be filled. Various innovative materials such as polymers, nanomaterials, composite materials, as well as fibrous materials are taken into consideration while writing this review paper. Composite materials have been employed in the blast and ballistic impact applications and are regarded as effective materials for absorbing blast energy. The stitching boosted the composite’s Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, resulting in increased damage resistance. The basic composite system tested is carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite skins on a styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) polymer closed-cell foam core. In a comparable sandwich structure, glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite skins were also incorporated for comparison.
{"title":"Blast-Resistant Ballistic Materials","authors":"Nishant Thakkar","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-97137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-97137","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Several bomb explosion assaults against military personnel, police officers, and public and civil structures have occurred in recent years, resulting in a significant loss. As a result, society requires increased protection and defense for current constructions from loads of oblasts. In the middle of the many options, retrofitting reinforced concrete and masonry structures with numerous forms and types of materials of composite and fiber is an excellent way to improve resistance to the blast. This paper provides a recent review of extant works & papers on polymers, composite & fibrous materials used for elements of structure defense from the blast, as well as a list of research gaps that need to be filled. Various innovative materials such as polymers, nanomaterials, composite materials, as well as fibrous materials are taken into consideration while writing this review paper. Composite materials have been employed in the blast and ballistic impact applications and are regarded as effective materials for absorbing blast energy. The stitching boosted the composite’s Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, resulting in increased damage resistance. The basic composite system tested is carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite skins on a styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) polymer closed-cell foam core. In a comparable sandwich structure, glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite skins were also incorporated for comparison.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129072248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pressure sensors have been used in devices that require accurate and stable pressure measurements for reliable operations. Metastructure-based pressure sensors (MBPS) have the potential to achieve higher sensitivity and broader sensing range with greater design flexibility and lower weight. Currently, additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled rapid prototyping of high-resolution metastructures at small scales. Deposition of a conductive coating layer on the metastructure can effectively introduce electrical conductivity in MBPS. However, the coupling between the electrical response and the mechanical properties of the metastructure remains unknown. It is not clear how the metastructure design can affect the performance of pressure sensors. In this work, a set of octet-truss cubic metastructures with different unit cell numbers are modeled and fabricated. The sensitivity and sensing range of each metastructure design are predicted from the coupled mechanical-electrical finite element model, the analytical model and the in-situ compression-resistance test, respectively. It is found that increasing unit cell number leads to decreased nominal resistance and enhanced sensing range. But the improvement of sensitivity is limited when the unit cell number exceeds a threshold value. The computational and experimental approaches developed here can be applied to other MBPS with different metastructure configurations and material selections.
{"title":"Effect of Metastructure Design on the Performance of Pressure Sensors","authors":"Huan Zhao, J. Huddy, W. Scheideler, Yan Li","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pressure sensors have been used in devices that require accurate and stable pressure measurements for reliable operations. Metastructure-based pressure sensors (MBPS) have the potential to achieve higher sensitivity and broader sensing range with greater design flexibility and lower weight. Currently, additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled rapid prototyping of high-resolution metastructures at small scales. Deposition of a conductive coating layer on the metastructure can effectively introduce electrical conductivity in MBPS. However, the coupling between the electrical response and the mechanical properties of the metastructure remains unknown. It is not clear how the metastructure design can affect the performance of pressure sensors. In this work, a set of octet-truss cubic metastructures with different unit cell numbers are modeled and fabricated. The sensitivity and sensing range of each metastructure design are predicted from the coupled mechanical-electrical finite element model, the analytical model and the in-situ compression-resistance test, respectively. It is found that increasing unit cell number leads to decreased nominal resistance and enhanced sensing range. But the improvement of sensitivity is limited when the unit cell number exceeds a threshold value. The computational and experimental approaches developed here can be applied to other MBPS with different metastructure configurations and material selections.","PeriodicalId":146276,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization and Applications; Advances in Aerospace Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128528041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：