Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2023.137092.2637
Dhary A. Almashhadany, Hero I. Mohammed, Ahmed M. Zaki, Rawaz R. Hassan
Brucellosis is one of the most serious zoonotic diseases in human and farm animals caused by Brucella species. This study aims to: (i) estimate the current prevalence of Brucella among camels in Erbil Governorate; (ii) evaluate the milk ring test as a diagnostic tool for screening of brucellosis in camels; (iii) study the association between months and percentage of positive samples to Brucella. During the period, January - June 2021, a total of 250 raw camel milk samples (130 samples from farms and 120 from sale points) were randomly collected. The brucellosis is diagnosed using the Milk Ring Test (MRT), indirect ELISA, and bacteriological isolation of Brucella species. The prevalence of Brucella antibodies in camel milk samples is 11.6% and 10.4% according to MRT and ELISA, respectively. The overall isolation percentage of Brucella species is 8.4%. The detection rate of isolates in sale points is higher 10.0% than the isolation rate from farm 6.9%. The results also reveal that 4.6% and 5.8% of isolates are Brucella abortus; while, 5.8% and 4.2% are Brucella melitensis from the milk of farm and sale points, respectively. The highest rate of brucellosis according to MRT is observed in February 18.6%, while the lowest rate is documented in May 7.5%. We recommend using MRT for the diagnosis of Brucella spp. in routine screening of brucellosis in milk collection centers, dairy factories, and farm. Customers are also recommended to heat the milk adequately to eliminate this milk-borne pathogen before drinking milk or manufacturing processes.
{"title":"Reliable and highly specific techniques for the detection of Brucella spp. antibodies in camel milk","authors":"Dhary A. Almashhadany, Hero I. Mohammed, Ahmed M. Zaki, Rawaz R. Hassan","doi":"10.33899/ijvs.2023.137092.2637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2023.137092.2637","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is one of the most serious zoonotic diseases in human and farm animals caused by Brucella species. This study aims to: (i) estimate the current prevalence of Brucella among camels in Erbil Governorate; (ii) evaluate the milk ring test as a diagnostic tool for screening of brucellosis in camels; (iii) study the association between months and percentage of positive samples to Brucella. During the period, January - June 2021, a total of 250 raw camel milk samples (130 samples from farms and 120 from sale points) were randomly collected. The brucellosis is diagnosed using the Milk Ring Test (MRT), indirect ELISA, and bacteriological isolation of Brucella species. The prevalence of Brucella antibodies in camel milk samples is 11.6% and 10.4% according to MRT and ELISA, respectively. The overall isolation percentage of Brucella species is 8.4%. The detection rate of isolates in sale points is higher 10.0% than the isolation rate from farm 6.9%. The results also reveal that 4.6% and 5.8% of isolates are Brucella abortus; while, 5.8% and 4.2% are Brucella melitensis from the milk of farm and sale points, respectively. The highest rate of brucellosis according to MRT is observed in February 18.6%, while the lowest rate is documented in May 7.5%. We recommend using MRT for the diagnosis of Brucella spp. in routine screening of brucellosis in milk collection centers, dairy factories, and farm. Customers are also recommended to heat the milk adequately to eliminate this milk-borne pathogen before drinking milk or manufacturing processes.","PeriodicalId":14655,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2023.138455.2803
Soulaf J. Kakel, Ayman M. Albanna
Animal public health is crucial concern when considering the role of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) in regulating phosphate metabolism. FGF-23 has been associated with to various diseases in animal, such as chronic kidney and cardiovascular disease, making it a crucial factor to consider for maintaining the well-being of animals and ensuring public health. This study aimed to measure the levels of FGF-23 protein in broiler chickens and compare them to a standard level of 375 pg/ml. Blood samples were collected from 10 female and 10 male broiler chickens, and FGF-23 protein levels were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed significant gender differences in FGF-23 protein levels, with males having a higher level of FGF-23 protein than females. Females had a mean level of 256.12 pg/ml (SD = 86.02), while males had a significantly higher mean level of 1508.71 pg/mL (SD = 1113.85). However, the study is limited by the small sample size and the use of a single population. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to confirm the generalizability of these findings. Conclusion, this study provides important insights into the role of gender in FGF-23 protein metabolism in broiler chickens, and may have implications for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with FGF-23 protein dysregulation in poultry.
{"title":"Comparison of fibroblast-growth factor-23 level between males and female’s broiler using HPLC technique","authors":"Soulaf J. Kakel, Ayman M. Albanna","doi":"10.33899/ijvs.2023.138455.2803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2023.138455.2803","url":null,"abstract":"Animal public health is crucial concern when considering the role of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) in regulating phosphate metabolism. FGF-23 has been associated with to various diseases in animal, such as chronic kidney and cardiovascular disease, making it a crucial factor to consider for maintaining the well-being of animals and ensuring public health. This study aimed to measure the levels of FGF-23 protein in broiler chickens and compare them to a standard level of 375 pg/ml. Blood samples were collected from 10 female and 10 male broiler chickens, and FGF-23 protein levels were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed significant gender differences in FGF-23 protein levels, with males having a higher level of FGF-23 protein than females. Females had a mean level of 256.12 pg/ml (SD = 86.02), while males had a significantly higher mean level of 1508.71 pg/mL (SD = 1113.85). However, the study is limited by the small sample size and the use of a single population. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to confirm the generalizability of these findings. Conclusion, this study provides important insights into the role of gender in FGF-23 protein metabolism in broiler chickens, and may have implications for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with FGF-23 protein dysregulation in poultry.","PeriodicalId":14655,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2023.138289.2784
Adnan F. Fayyad, Ibrahim M. Alzuheir
Nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD) is a nutritional condition associated with selenium and/or vitamin E deficiency affecting several animal species. Selenium and vitamin E function together as antioxidants that protect cell membranes from oxidative damage. The current investigation was conducted in a herd of fifty-eight dromedary camels with an outbreak of NMD for the first time in Palestine with a mortality rate of 8.6%. Five calves died after several hours to a few days of the onset of clinical signs such as recumbency, stiffness, and muscle weakness. Necropsy was performed on three dead calves that were evaluated grossly and tissues were collected for histopathology. After the routine tissue processing, samples were stained with H&E and examined under the light microscope. The examined calves exhibited clinical symptoms as well as microscopic and gross lesions compatible with cardiac muscle necrosis and degeneration. The use of Vitamin E and Selenium therapy reduced clinical symptoms and terminated the mortality. The findings show that NMD occurs in Palestine in calves of camels. This study describes clinical and pathological findings related to the death of calves. Further research is needed to determine the prevalence and impact of this disease on the health of camel herds in Palestine.
{"title":"Pathological detection of nutritional muscular dystrophy in dromedary camel calves in Palestine","authors":"Adnan F. Fayyad, Ibrahim M. Alzuheir","doi":"10.33899/ijvs.2023.138289.2784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2023.138289.2784","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD) is a nutritional condition associated with selenium and/or vitamin E deficiency affecting several animal species. Selenium and vitamin E function together as antioxidants that protect cell membranes from oxidative damage. The current investigation was conducted in a herd of fifty-eight dromedary camels with an outbreak of NMD for the first time in Palestine with a mortality rate of 8.6%. Five calves died after several hours to a few days of the onset of clinical signs such as recumbency, stiffness, and muscle weakness. Necropsy was performed on three dead calves that were evaluated grossly and tissues were collected for histopathology. After the routine tissue processing, samples were stained with H&E and examined under the light microscope. The examined calves exhibited clinical symptoms as well as microscopic and gross lesions compatible with cardiac muscle necrosis and degeneration. The use of Vitamin E and Selenium therapy reduced clinical symptoms and terminated the mortality. The findings show that NMD occurs in Palestine in calves of camels. This study describes clinical and pathological findings related to the death of calves. Further research is needed to determine the prevalence and impact of this disease on the health of camel herds in Palestine.","PeriodicalId":14655,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2023.136859.2619
Gamal M. Allouch, Mohammad A. Al-Wabel, Saffanah Kh. Mahmood
The present study presents a detailed anatomical description of the petrous bone of the camel skull. The petrous temporal bone in camels has a distinctive shape. Not all parts were visible. This work gives a detailed gross anatomical description of the petrous bone in the camel’s skull. The skulls were prepared by using boiling and maceration techniques. The study showed that the petrous part is the main part of the temporal bone in the skull and forms part of the lining of the cranium. The study showed that the petrous temporal bone consists of the following parts: the mastoid process, the external auditory meatus, the muscular prominence, and the styloid process, as well as the petrous part. The petrous part has a base, an apex, three angles (cranial, caudal, and ventral), and three surfaces: the medial, the lateral, and the ventral surfaces. The lacerate sulcus was described in this study as a groove that runs the ventrally basilar part of an occipital bone side to the pterygoid canal. The results obtained from this study were important in enriching comparative anatomy in different animals.
{"title":"Anatomical and morphological study of the petrous bone in camels (Camelus dromedarius)","authors":"Gamal M. Allouch, Mohammad A. Al-Wabel, Saffanah Kh. Mahmood","doi":"10.33899/ijvs.2023.136859.2619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2023.136859.2619","url":null,"abstract":"The present study presents a detailed anatomical description of the petrous bone of the camel skull. The petrous temporal bone in camels has a distinctive shape. Not all parts were visible. This work gives a detailed gross anatomical description of the petrous bone in the camel’s skull. The skulls were prepared by using boiling and maceration techniques. The study showed that the petrous part is the main part of the temporal bone in the skull and forms part of the lining of the cranium. The study showed that the petrous temporal bone consists of the following parts: the mastoid process, the external auditory meatus, the muscular prominence, and the styloid process, as well as the petrous part. The petrous part has a base, an apex, three angles (cranial, caudal, and ventral), and three surfaces: the medial, the lateral, and the ventral surfaces. The lacerate sulcus was described in this study as a groove that runs the ventrally basilar part of an occipital bone side to the pterygoid canal. The results obtained from this study were important in enriching comparative anatomy in different animals.","PeriodicalId":14655,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2022.136659.2604
Hadeel M. Hameed
Nano-chromium has an anabolic effect when used in low concentrations and boosts nucleic acid synthesis in the liver; it is also termed a glucose tolerance factor (GTF) because it regulates the ' 'insulin's metabolic action. It is used in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This study was carried out on 20 local white male rabbits (aged two months), which were randomly assigned into four groups: the first was a control group fed on a standard diet, the second was a group fed on a high-fatty diet (HFD), the third was a group fed on a standard diet which has was given Chromium at a concentration of 2 mg/L with drinking water, and the fourth was a group of nano chromium fed on a fatty diet who were given chromium 2 mg/ L of drinking water. The fatty diet group had higher levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes, Hb, hematocrit, lymphocytes, neutrophil, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, GLUT-2, insulin, and insulin resistance with a decrease in HDL. In comparison, the two groups of chromium nanoparticles showed lower levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes, Hb, hematocrit lymphocytes, neutrophil, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride GLUT-2, insulin, and insulin resistance but higher levels of HDL. Our objective is to investigate the deleterious effects of the HFD on hematological values, GLUT-2 levels, and insulin levels, as well as the potential for nano-chromium to enhance these qualities.
{"title":"Ameliorative effect of nano chromium on some hematological values and GLUT-2 in rabbits fed a high- Fat diet","authors":"Hadeel M. Hameed","doi":"10.33899/ijvs.2022.136659.2604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2022.136659.2604","url":null,"abstract":"Nano-chromium has an anabolic effect when used in low concentrations and boosts nucleic acid synthesis in the liver; it is also termed a glucose tolerance factor (GTF) because it regulates the ' 'insulin's metabolic action. It is used in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This study was carried out on 20 local white male rabbits (aged two months), which were randomly assigned into four groups: the first was a control group fed on a standard diet, the second was a group fed on a high-fatty diet (HFD), the third was a group fed on a standard diet which has was given Chromium at a concentration of 2 mg/L with drinking water, and the fourth was a group of nano chromium fed on a fatty diet who were given chromium 2 mg/ L of drinking water. The fatty diet group had higher levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes, Hb, hematocrit, lymphocytes, neutrophil, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, GLUT-2, insulin, and insulin resistance with a decrease in HDL. In comparison, the two groups of chromium nanoparticles showed lower levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes, Hb, hematocrit lymphocytes, neutrophil, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride GLUT-2, insulin, and insulin resistance but higher levels of HDL. Our objective is to investigate the deleterious effects of the HFD on hematological values, GLUT-2 levels, and insulin levels, as well as the potential for nano-chromium to enhance these qualities.","PeriodicalId":14655,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2023.138764.2836
Ren Fitriadi, Mohammad Nurhafid, Kasprijo Kasprijo, Dini Ryandini, Reza M. Riady, Purnama Sukardi
Proteus spp bacteria is one of the bacteria that have antibacterial activity. Bacteria that produce antibacterial can suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as A. hydrophila. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of several strains of Proteus spp. against A. hydrophila from the rice-fish farming system cultivation area in the Banyumas district. Research stages included isolating bacteria from a sample, preparing the test bacteria, and testing the inhibition power of Proteus spp. in agar-well diffusion dishes. The results showed that the identified Proteus strains included Proteus mirabilis strain MRKMSEC 72 (BA1), Proteus penneri strain CPrp_RA24 (BA3), Proteus mirabilis strain BN7 (BA7), Proteus mirabilis strain BN7 (BU4), and Proteus vulgaris strain Siii (BS11). All strains obtained had an antibacterial activity that could inhibit Aeromonas. It was also found that most Proteus spp. Species are sensitive to antibiotics, especially amoxicillin. Proteus species with high levels of antibiotic sensitivity are expected to be able to fight A. hydrophila in cultivation environments and be used as biocontrol agents.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of Proteus spp. isolated from the rice-fish farming system cultivation area against A. hydrophila","authors":"Ren Fitriadi, Mohammad Nurhafid, Kasprijo Kasprijo, Dini Ryandini, Reza M. Riady, Purnama Sukardi","doi":"10.33899/ijvs.2023.138764.2836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2023.138764.2836","url":null,"abstract":"Proteus spp bacteria is one of the bacteria that have antibacterial activity. Bacteria that produce antibacterial can suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as A. hydrophila. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of several strains of Proteus spp. against A. hydrophila from the rice-fish farming system cultivation area in the Banyumas district. Research stages included isolating bacteria from a sample, preparing the test bacteria, and testing the inhibition power of Proteus spp. in agar-well diffusion dishes. The results showed that the identified Proteus strains included Proteus mirabilis strain MRKMSEC 72 (BA1), Proteus penneri strain CPrp_RA24 (BA3), Proteus mirabilis strain BN7 (BA7), Proteus mirabilis strain BN7 (BU4), and Proteus vulgaris strain Siii (BS11). All strains obtained had an antibacterial activity that could inhibit Aeromonas. It was also found that most Proteus spp. Species are sensitive to antibiotics, especially amoxicillin. Proteus species with high levels of antibiotic sensitivity are expected to be able to fight A. hydrophila in cultivation environments and be used as biocontrol agents.","PeriodicalId":14655,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2023.138804.2844
Maab A. Fadel, Khayrea A. Mustafa, Imad A. Thanoon
This reading aimed to determine the therapeutic index of methotrexate (MTX) with a note on the consequence of methotrexate in chicks on neurobehavioral in addition to calculating the activity for cholinesterase in plasma and brain in chicks. Two groups with 10 chicks each were utilized once. The untreated and methotrexate groups were given saline and MTX at dose 40 mg/kg for 5 days, respectively. The methotrexate group obtained considerable amounts of methotrexate 9th day of the start of the experiment for five days. All chicks were exposed to open-field activity and tonic immobility tests. Brain tissue with blood samples were collected to evaluate cholinesterase levels in chicks. ED50 and LD50 for methotrexate in the chicks were 14.36mg/ kg and102.63 mg/ kg, correspondingly. In addition, Therapeutic index of methotrexate was 7.15. The methotrexate group explained an important enhance in latency to move and tonic immobility evaluated with an untreated group, there is a significant decline in lines crossed, and escape jumps compared with untreated group, and the cholinesterase activity showed a significantly reduced in plasma and brain samples treated with methotrexate and inhibition expressed significantly increased evaluated through the control group. Our findings conclude that methotrexate has a depressant action on the nervous structure and an inhibitory action on the cholinesterase level in the chick’s model.
{"title":"Effect of methotrexate on neurobehavior and cholinesterase in chicks","authors":"Maab A. Fadel, Khayrea A. Mustafa, Imad A. Thanoon","doi":"10.33899/ijvs.2023.138804.2844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2023.138804.2844","url":null,"abstract":"This reading aimed to determine the therapeutic index of methotrexate (MTX) with a note on the consequence of methotrexate in chicks on neurobehavioral in addition to calculating the activity for cholinesterase in plasma and brain in chicks. Two groups with 10 chicks each were utilized once. The untreated and methotrexate groups were given saline and MTX at dose 40 mg/kg for 5 days, respectively. The methotrexate group obtained considerable amounts of methotrexate 9th day of the start of the experiment for five days. All chicks were exposed to open-field activity and tonic immobility tests. Brain tissue with blood samples were collected to evaluate cholinesterase levels in chicks. ED50 and LD50 for methotrexate in the chicks were 14.36mg/ kg and102.63 mg/ kg, correspondingly. In addition, Therapeutic index of methotrexate was 7.15. The methotrexate group explained an important enhance in latency to move and tonic immobility evaluated with an untreated group, there is a significant decline in lines crossed, and escape jumps compared with untreated group, and the cholinesterase activity showed a significantly reduced in plasma and brain samples treated with methotrexate and inhibition expressed significantly increased evaluated through the control group. Our findings conclude that methotrexate has a depressant action on the nervous structure and an inhibitory action on the cholinesterase level in the chick’s model.","PeriodicalId":14655,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2023.136554.2592
Azhar Q. Dheyab, Mohanad F. Abdulhameed
Brucellosis is a contagious bacterial disease that causes public health problems and financial losses in animal productions. This study aims to describe the incidence of human brucellosis, seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle, and risk factors of disease spreading. The total incidence cases of human brucellosis in Thi-Qar province are estimated at 5.4% per 100,000 people for eight years, and the highest number of 43 patients are observed in 2019. The number of the positive samples using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) are 32 (21.8%) from a total of 147 blood samples assembled randomly from cattle populations. The seroprevalence of brucellosis is estimated as 3.4% (95%Cl:1.1-7.8) through employing the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The questionnaire interview with the animal owners revealed that the large proportion neither handle aborted animals properly nor dispose of the waste materials of abortions. Besides, the majority of the owners prefer lending bulls for mating or breeding purposes rather than artificial insemination. The study concludes that brucellosis is an endemic disease in Thi-Qar Province and that it is important to abide by the One Health Approach for the management of disease control in animal population and minimize human incidence rates.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and its incidence in human in Thi-Qar province","authors":"Azhar Q. Dheyab, Mohanad F. Abdulhameed","doi":"10.33899/ijvs.2023.136554.2592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2023.136554.2592","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is a contagious bacterial disease that causes public health problems and financial losses in animal productions. This study aims to describe the incidence of human brucellosis, seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle, and risk factors of disease spreading. The total incidence cases of human brucellosis in Thi-Qar province are estimated at 5.4% per 100,000 people for eight years, and the highest number of 43 patients are observed in 2019. The number of the positive samples using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) are 32 (21.8%) from a total of 147 blood samples assembled randomly from cattle populations. The seroprevalence of brucellosis is estimated as 3.4% (95%Cl:1.1-7.8) through employing the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The questionnaire interview with the animal owners revealed that the large proportion neither handle aborted animals properly nor dispose of the waste materials of abortions. Besides, the majority of the owners prefer lending bulls for mating or breeding purposes rather than artificial insemination. The study concludes that brucellosis is an endemic disease in Thi-Qar Province and that it is important to abide by the One Health Approach for the management of disease control in animal population and minimize human incidence rates.","PeriodicalId":14655,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2023.137835.2738
Laura J. Paredes, Cintia L. Santos, Washington L. Pereira, Savio L. Gurreiro, Rafaelle C. Guimaraes, Elizabeth M. Barbosa, Higo G. Favacho, Igor G. Hamoy, Ednaldo d. Filho
Interferon-gamma is an important innate immunomodulatory inflammatory cytokine, whose molecular characterization can demonstrate how this gene may or may not be conserved in populations throughout the evolutionary process. Thus, the study aimed to characterize the 3'-UTR of the Interferon gamma gene and determine its expression profile in the ocular conjunctiva of Amazon buffaloes. For this, blood and ocular conjunctival tissue samples were collected from two hundred and five healthy slaughtered buffaloes in the State of Amapa, Brazil. For the conventional polymerase chain reaction, primers for the 3'UTR region of the Interferon-gamma gene were used and the products were purified, sequenced and edited by comparing the corresponding sequences from buffalo species and other domestic, wild and human mammals. They were aligned and compared using genetic similarity analysis and phylogenetic analysis, using Network 5.0 program and MrBayes, version 3.1.2, respectively. Conjunctival samples were submitted to mRNA quantification of the interferon-gamma to profile gene expression relative to the endogenous gene GAPDH and β-ACTIN. The study demonstrates high-level interferon-gamma genetic similarity between ruminants, with a network of haplotypes forming groups of ruminants, primates, carnivores, bats, cetaceans and isolated individuals such as suiformes and rhinos. Ruminants and cetaceans have a close phylogenetic relationship, while there were different evolutionary distances between buffalo and other mammalian species. The interferon-gamma gene was expressed in all animals in relation to endogenous genes. The results served to better understand the immune system of Amazonian buffaloes and to determine the evolutionary profile in relation to other mammalian species.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of the 3'-UTRsequence of the interferon-gamma gene and its expression profile in the ocular conjunctiva of amazon buffaloes","authors":"Laura J. Paredes, Cintia L. Santos, Washington L. Pereira, Savio L. Gurreiro, Rafaelle C. Guimaraes, Elizabeth M. Barbosa, Higo G. Favacho, Igor G. Hamoy, Ednaldo d. Filho","doi":"10.33899/ijvs.2023.137835.2738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2023.137835.2738","url":null,"abstract":"Interferon-gamma is an important innate immunomodulatory inflammatory cytokine, whose molecular characterization can demonstrate how this gene may or may not be conserved in populations throughout the evolutionary process. Thus, the study aimed to characterize the 3'-UTR of the Interferon gamma gene and determine its expression profile in the ocular conjunctiva of Amazon buffaloes. For this, blood and ocular conjunctival tissue samples were collected from two hundred and five healthy slaughtered buffaloes in the State of Amapa, Brazil. For the conventional polymerase chain reaction, primers for the 3'UTR region of the Interferon-gamma gene were used and the products were purified, sequenced and edited by comparing the corresponding sequences from buffalo species and other domestic, wild and human mammals. They were aligned and compared using genetic similarity analysis and phylogenetic analysis, using Network 5.0 program and MrBayes, version 3.1.2, respectively. Conjunctival samples were submitted to mRNA quantification of the interferon-gamma to profile gene expression relative to the endogenous gene GAPDH and β-ACTIN. The study demonstrates high-level interferon-gamma genetic similarity between ruminants, with a network of haplotypes forming groups of ruminants, primates, carnivores, bats, cetaceans and isolated individuals such as suiformes and rhinos. Ruminants and cetaceans have a close phylogenetic relationship, while there were different evolutionary distances between buffalo and other mammalian species. The interferon-gamma gene was expressed in all animals in relation to endogenous genes. The results served to better understand the immune system of Amazonian buffaloes and to determine the evolutionary profile in relation to other mammalian species.","PeriodicalId":14655,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2023.138368.2796
Nashwan A. Abawy, Muna H. ALzubaidy
Iron nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3) are used in a wide range of biological and medicinal applications, including the delivery of specific drugs, other pharmaceutical and agricultural ones. Its toxic effects, risk assessment and safety are still being researched. Hence, in this investigation, 28-day repeated doses for assessing the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity were conducted on (α-Fe2O320-40) nanoparticles with special reference to target histopathologically, the neurobehavioral and alteration in mice brain and liver. The acute LD50 was 14.74 g/kg orally, using Dixon’s method, as well as recording the toxicity signs, such as lethargy, rapid respiration, subcutaneous hemorrhage, plioerection, tremor, and itching. Oral repeated doses for 28 days of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (75 and 150 mg/kg) led significantly to decrease head pocking, considerable lengthening of negative geotaxis performance, and to a significant decline in open-field activity, compared to the control group. α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles at dose 300mg/kg orally in the 7th and 14 days of treatment led to significantly increase mice body weight compared to the control group. The nanoparticles α-Fe2O3 at dose 75, 150 and 300mg/kg after 28 days of treatment cause in liver vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, congestion of sinusoids, central vein, and necrosis, while in brain, it causes necrosis, gliosis, congestion of blood vessels, thrombus formation and neuronophagia. We conclude that the higher doses and longer exposure to nanoparticles α-Fe2O3 show significant toxicity effects represented by neurobehavioral and histopathological changes.
{"title":"Evaluating the toxic oral doses of iron oxide nanoparticles in mice","authors":"Nashwan A. Abawy, Muna H. ALzubaidy","doi":"10.33899/ijvs.2023.138368.2796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2023.138368.2796","url":null,"abstract":"Iron nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3) are used in a wide range of biological and medicinal applications, including the delivery of specific drugs, other pharmaceutical and agricultural ones. Its toxic effects, risk assessment and safety are still being researched. Hence, in this investigation, 28-day repeated doses for assessing the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity were conducted on (α-Fe2O320-40) nanoparticles with special reference to target histopathologically, the neurobehavioral and alteration in mice brain and liver. The acute LD50 was 14.74 g/kg orally, using Dixon’s method, as well as recording the toxicity signs, such as lethargy, rapid respiration, subcutaneous hemorrhage, plioerection, tremor, and itching. Oral repeated doses for 28 days of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (75 and 150 mg/kg) led significantly to decrease head pocking, considerable lengthening of negative geotaxis performance, and to a significant decline in open-field activity, compared to the control group. α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles at dose 300mg/kg orally in the 7th and 14 days of treatment led to significantly increase mice body weight compared to the control group. The nanoparticles α-Fe2O3 at dose 75, 150 and 300mg/kg after 28 days of treatment cause in liver vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, congestion of sinusoids, central vein, and necrosis, while in brain, it causes necrosis, gliosis, congestion of blood vessels, thrombus formation and neuronophagia. We conclude that the higher doses and longer exposure to nanoparticles α-Fe2O3 show significant toxicity effects represented by neurobehavioral and histopathological changes.","PeriodicalId":14655,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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