Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id181
Kawther A. Kalaph, A. Jafar, N. Abdalameer, Amar Moula Hmood
This study is an emphasis on the metal halide perovskite solar cells that are susceptible to factors that influence their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Perovskite solar cells, also known as PSCs, have been shown to have a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to a number of various factors. As they reached a power conversion efficiency of 25%, solar cells based on metal halide perovskite were a game-changer in the quest for photovoltaic performance. A flurry of activity in the fields of structure design, materials chemistry, process engineering, and device physics has helped the solid-state perovskite solar cell to become a leading contender for the next generation of solar energy harvesters in the world today. This follows up on the ground-breaking development of the solid-state perovskite solar cell in 2012. This cell has a higher efficiency compared to commercial silicon or other organic and inorganic solar cells, as well as a lower cost of materials and processes. However, it has the disadvantage that these high efficiencies can only be obtained with lead-based perovskites, which increases the cost of the cell. As a result of this fact, a new study area on lead-free metal halide perovskites was established, and it is now exhibiting a remarkable degree of vibrancy. This provided us with the impetus to review this burgeoning area of research and discuss possible alternative elements according to current theoretical and practical investigations that might be utilized to replace lead in metal halide perovskites as well as the features of the perovskite materials that correspond to these elements.
{"title":"A Review on Recent Advances in Materials of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Kawther A. Kalaph, A. Jafar, N. Abdalameer, Amar Moula Hmood","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id181","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an emphasis on the metal halide perovskite solar cells that are susceptible to factors that influence their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Perovskite solar cells, also known as PSCs, have been shown to have a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to a number of various factors. As they reached a power conversion efficiency of 25%, solar cells based on metal halide perovskite were a game-changer in the quest for photovoltaic performance. A flurry of activity in the fields of structure design, materials chemistry, process engineering, and device physics has helped the solid-state perovskite solar cell to become a leading contender for the next generation of solar energy harvesters in the world today. This follows up on the ground-breaking development of the solid-state perovskite solar cell in 2012. This cell has a higher efficiency compared to commercial silicon or other organic and inorganic solar cells, as well as a lower cost of materials and processes. However, it has the disadvantage that these high efficiencies can only be obtained with lead-based perovskites, which increases the cost of the cell. As a result of this fact, a new study area on lead-free metal halide perovskites was established, and it is now exhibiting a remarkable degree of vibrancy. This provided us with the impetus to review this burgeoning area of research and discuss possible alternative elements according to current theoretical and practical investigations that might be utilized to replace lead in metal halide perovskites as well as the features of the perovskite materials that correspond to these elements.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74178654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id242
F. Majed, Hashim Wahib, Orooba M. Saeed, Ahmed Al-Joubary, N. Laith, Mohammed Jassem
The purpose of this study is to prepare a new formulation of Mebendazole suspension for veterinary therapeutic and antiparasitic use at a concentration of 5% of the poorly water soluble drug mebendazole using suspending agents, dispersing agents such as tween 80, polypropylene glycol, preservatives, and other salts to titrate the PH of the resulting mixtures. Information about all the materials used in the preparation of the formula was collected from pharmacopeia, while materials were provided by Samarra Company. and prepared about three formulae, from which the final one prepared. A study was conducted on the stability of the new formula in different temperature conditions (40, 50, and 60) °C by comparing any change in physicochemical properties concerning form, viscosity, and pH in different storage rooms and other temperatures for 18 months. showed that The results of the new drug proved its stability, both quantitative and qualitative results for suspension 5% formula as well as its physicochemical properties and viscosity tested and also conducted clinically therapy in the central veterinary hospital the findings demonstrate that Mebendazol is a promising new formulation of it for treatment of hydatid diseases without showing significantly liver toxicity.
{"title":"Preparation and Evaluation of Mebendazole 5% Antiparasitic Suspension for Veterinary Use","authors":"F. Majed, Hashim Wahib, Orooba M. Saeed, Ahmed Al-Joubary, N. Laith, Mohammed Jassem","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id242","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to prepare a new formulation of Mebendazole suspension for veterinary therapeutic and antiparasitic use at a concentration of 5% of the poorly water soluble drug mebendazole using suspending agents, dispersing agents such as tween 80, polypropylene glycol, preservatives, and other salts to titrate the PH of the resulting mixtures. Information about all the materials used in the preparation of the formula was collected from pharmacopeia, while materials were provided by Samarra Company. and prepared about three formulae, from which the final one prepared. A study was conducted on the stability of the new formula in different temperature conditions (40, 50, and 60) °C by comparing any change in physicochemical properties concerning form, viscosity, and pH in different storage rooms and other temperatures for 18 months. showed that The results of the new drug proved its stability, both quantitative and qualitative results for suspension 5% formula as well as its physicochemical properties and viscosity tested and also conducted clinically therapy in the central veterinary hospital the findings demonstrate that Mebendazol is a promising new formulation of it for treatment of hydatid diseases without showing significantly liver toxicity.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74664104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id189
N. Hayder, I. Mahmood
In this study, mechanical tests were performed on a Chinese car bumper of the Chery model, which was chosen for examination due to its widespread use in Iraqi streets. It was also compared to the best specimens obtained in these study stages. Glass fiber mats and nanoparticles have been mixed with the unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) in two stages. In the first stage, the fibers have been mixed with a volume fraction of 14% and the mechanical properties have been calculated. In the second stage, different weight fractions of nanoparticles of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) were added to the mixture, and the mechanical tests were recalculated. The experimental test's results illustrated that the tensile strength, fracture toughness, and damping ratio of the composite material were enhanced when mixing 14% vf of glass fiber mats with unsaturated polyester resin by about (285.85%, 207.56%, and 100%) respectively, compared to the car bumper, while the ratio of impact resistance decreased by about (-24.55%). The same tests were repeated after adding different weight fractions (1%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%) of (ZrO2) and it was observed that adding the nanoparticles had a significant effect on the mechanical properties since at first, it improved them until the nanoparticles ratio reached 2.5 wt.%, but any higher addition than this ratio caused a decrease in the enhancement of the mechanical properties. Thus, it was found that adding 2.5 wt.% nanoparticles gave us the best improvement in the tensile strength, impact resistance, fracture toughness, and damping ratio by about (436.32%, 47.28%, 438.66%, and 52.3%) respectively, compared to the car bumper properties.
{"title":"Improving the Mechanical Properties of a Car Bumper by Using Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Laminates and Nano-ceramic Filler","authors":"N. Hayder, I. Mahmood","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id189","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, mechanical tests were performed on a Chinese car bumper of the Chery model, which was chosen for examination due to its widespread use in Iraqi streets. It was also compared to the best specimens obtained in these study stages. Glass fiber mats and nanoparticles have been mixed with the unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) in two stages. In the first stage, the fibers have been mixed with a volume fraction of 14% and the mechanical properties have been calculated. In the second stage, different weight fractions of nanoparticles of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) were added to the mixture, and the mechanical tests were recalculated. The experimental test's results illustrated that the tensile strength, fracture toughness, and damping ratio of the composite material were enhanced when mixing 14% vf of glass fiber mats with unsaturated polyester resin by about (285.85%, 207.56%, and 100%) respectively, compared to the car bumper, while the ratio of impact resistance decreased by about (-24.55%). The same tests were repeated after adding different weight fractions (1%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%) of (ZrO2) and it was observed that adding the nanoparticles had a significant effect on the mechanical properties since at first, it improved them until the nanoparticles ratio reached 2.5 wt.%, but any higher addition than this ratio caused a decrease in the enhancement of the mechanical properties. Thus, it was found that adding 2.5 wt.% nanoparticles gave us the best improvement in the tensile strength, impact resistance, fracture toughness, and damping ratio by about (436.32%, 47.28%, 438.66%, and 52.3%) respectively, compared to the car bumper properties.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79663804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id176
Harith Hammody Abdullah, Ali Awad Ibraheem, Ahmed Abdel Ameer Khudhair
Ductile Cast Iron is a widely used cast iron. Ductile iron applications are used in various sectors of modern mechanical industries. Ductile iron has wide uses in the field of car industry, military industries, agricultural equipment, construction and mines. The production of ductile iron faces many technical difficulties in our local factories due to the difficulty in providing equipment and technologies for its production by common methods. In this study, we resorted to applying one of the modern methods in the production of ductile iron, which is the treatment process for the molten iron in the sand mold. Magnesium alloys were added inside the sand mold within the casting stream and in the casting cavity for casting production. Specific weights were added and experiments were performed to determine the fusible chemical composition appropriate for preparing ductile cast iron. The study proved that adding magnesium alloys inside the sand mold, whether inside the mold cavity or in the casting channel, is both a successful method for producing ductile iron alloys. It is possible to produce different types of ductile iron by controlling the ratio of alloy additions to the molten metal content during casting.
{"title":"Production of Ductile Iron Using Inside-Mold Treatment Technique","authors":"Harith Hammody Abdullah, Ali Awad Ibraheem, Ahmed Abdel Ameer Khudhair","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id176","url":null,"abstract":"Ductile Cast Iron is a widely used cast iron. Ductile iron applications are used in various sectors of modern mechanical industries. Ductile iron has wide uses in the field of car industry, military industries, agricultural equipment, construction and mines. The production of ductile iron faces many technical difficulties in our local factories due to the difficulty in providing equipment and technologies for its production by common methods. In this study, we resorted to applying one of the modern methods in the production of ductile iron, which is the treatment process for the molten iron in the sand mold. Magnesium alloys were added inside the sand mold within the casting stream and in the casting cavity for casting production. Specific weights were added and experiments were performed to determine the fusible chemical composition appropriate for preparing ductile cast iron. The study proved that adding magnesium alloys inside the sand mold, whether inside the mold cavity or in the casting channel, is both a successful method for producing ductile iron alloys. It is possible to produce different types of ductile iron by controlling the ratio of alloy additions to the molten metal content during casting.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75389237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id170
Hadeel I. Kadhim, Awham M. Hameed, B. Fahad
The world is evolving toward a circular economy, which focuses on decreasing waste and extending the life of commodities. This work suggests using waste of glass to prepare composite. Epoxy was reinforced 50% by weight using waste glass. At room temperature were prepared samples reinforced and unreinforced and immersed in five solutions (HCl, Water, NaOH, Kerosene and Benzene) for four weeks, to find out the resistance of the epoxy after reinforcing. It is found that reinforced samples have resistance of increased after immersion in corrosive media comparison pure epoxy and it was obvious that the hardness were modified by 57% and remain constant during the immersion period in solutions. After immersing specimens in HCl the weight of the specimens decreases by 3.6%, unlike other solutions the weight of the specimens’ increase. Indicating that epoxy gains resistance after being reinforced with glass waste, allowing it to be used in a variety of applications.
{"title":"The Influence of Aggressive Media on the Weight and Surface Hardness of Epoxy-Glass Waste Composite","authors":"Hadeel I. Kadhim, Awham M. Hameed, B. Fahad","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id170","url":null,"abstract":"The world is evolving toward a circular economy, which focuses on decreasing waste and extending the life of commodities. This work suggests using waste of glass to prepare composite. Epoxy was reinforced 50% by weight using waste glass. At room temperature were prepared samples reinforced and unreinforced and immersed in five solutions (HCl, Water, NaOH, Kerosene and Benzene) for four weeks, to find out the resistance of the epoxy after reinforcing. It is found that reinforced samples have resistance of increased after immersion in corrosive media comparison pure epoxy and it was obvious that the hardness were modified by 57% and remain constant during the immersion period in solutions. After immersing specimens in HCl the weight of the specimens decreases by 3.6%, unlike other solutions the weight of the specimens’ increase. Indicating that epoxy gains resistance after being reinforced with glass waste, allowing it to be used in a variety of applications.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75199180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id184
Sardam Ali Rasul, Zahraa A. Abdulkader, Qabas K. Abbas, Mersin S. Qadr, N. Switzner
Aluminum is one of the most versatile engineering metals, finding its use in a variety of fields including construction, architecture, aerospace, automotive, consumer products, and many more. The high demand for aluminum production is driven by its advantageous physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, such as a high strength to weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. Additionally, aluminum can be recycled using processes that require only a fraction of the energy required for primary production. Aluminum recycling is primarily accomplished by melting in foundries. In some aluminum foundries, a large amount of energy is lost due to poor insulation and an inaccurate knowledge of the crucible temperature. This project focused on designing a safe, efficient electric aluminum foundry. Using theoretical calculations, an electric foundry was designed to melt 3.0 kg of aluminum cans using ~9 MJ of energy. A prototype was successfully fabricated and tested with attention to the structural, thermal, and electrical design aspects. Experiments showed that the foundry was capable of melting 3.0 kg of aluminum cans using ~11 MJ of energy, which was close to the theoretical calculations. The normalized energy usage of the foundry was ~6.9 MJ per kg of pure aluminum produced, which compares well with benchmarked aluminum recycling foundries.
{"title":"Design of an Aluminum Foundry with Ceramic Fiber Insulation","authors":"Sardam Ali Rasul, Zahraa A. Abdulkader, Qabas K. Abbas, Mersin S. Qadr, N. Switzner","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id184","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum is one of the most versatile engineering metals, finding its use in a variety of fields including construction, architecture, aerospace, automotive, consumer products, and many more. The high demand for aluminum production is driven by its advantageous physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, such as a high strength to weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. Additionally, aluminum can be recycled using processes that require only a fraction of the energy required for primary production. Aluminum recycling is primarily accomplished by melting in foundries. In some aluminum foundries, a large amount of energy is lost due to poor insulation and an inaccurate knowledge of the crucible temperature. This project focused on designing a safe, efficient electric aluminum foundry. Using theoretical calculations, an electric foundry was designed to melt 3.0 kg of aluminum cans using ~9 MJ of energy. A prototype was successfully fabricated and tested with attention to the structural, thermal, and electrical design aspects. Experiments showed that the foundry was capable of melting 3.0 kg of aluminum cans using ~11 MJ of energy, which was close to the theoretical calculations. The normalized energy usage of the foundry was ~6.9 MJ per kg of pure aluminum produced, which compares well with benchmarked aluminum recycling foundries.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89153924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id194
Alaa H. Salum, Ban H. Ismail, Samer H. Sadik
This study investigates the feasibility of installing a waste heat recovery system (WHR) in a cement factory in Iraq using the organic thermal Rankine cycle (ORC). Heat losses in the cement industries represent high energy consumption percentages of the total energy inputs. The production of clinker is a sub-process in the cement manufacturing plant and consumes three quarters of the total energy used as heat from combustion. The main sources of waste heat in the cement plant are identified, from these sources of waste heat from the kiln surface to the air, hot air coming out of the clinker cooler, and preheating exhaust gases. It is possible to obtain the total waste heat from these sources in the range of 35-40% of the total heat input. This waste heat energy can be exploited by installing a waste heat recovery system in these plants to generate electricity. It is possible to generate electrical energy by 5.9 MW. When using an organic system to recycle hot gases in plants whose daily production is up to 6000 tons, the installation of such a system could lead to saving 82.5 tons of fuel oil consumption per day, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 99.12 tons per day.
{"title":"Opting of an Organic Rankine Cycle Based on Waste Heat Recovery System to Produce Electric Energy in Cement Plant","authors":"Alaa H. Salum, Ban H. Ismail, Samer H. Sadik","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id194","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the feasibility of installing a waste heat recovery system (WHR) in a cement factory in Iraq using the organic thermal Rankine cycle (ORC). Heat losses in the cement industries represent high energy consumption percentages of the total energy inputs. The production of clinker is a sub-process in the cement manufacturing plant and consumes three quarters of the total energy used as heat from combustion. The main sources of waste heat in the cement plant are identified, from these sources of waste heat from the kiln surface to the air, hot air coming out of the clinker cooler, and preheating exhaust gases. It is possible to obtain the total waste heat from these sources in the range of 35-40% of the total heat input. This waste heat energy can be exploited by installing a waste heat recovery system in these plants to generate electricity. It is possible to generate electrical energy by 5.9 MW. When using an organic system to recycle hot gases in plants whose daily production is up to 6000 tons, the installation of such a system could lead to saving 82.5 tons of fuel oil consumption per day, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 99.12 tons per day.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86971486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id225
Dhey Jawad Mohammed, N. Hadi, Z. Alobad
Thermosetting foam had a number of advantage in comparison with unfoamed polymer such as lightweights, higher specifics strength, and stiffness. In this work, preparations and characterizations of polymers foams from polyurethanes have carrying out by means of one shot methods for productions of microcellulars polymers that are using in the lower limp application. Many type of polyols (Local commercial market, Quickmast 110, and Quickmast 120) at equivalents ratios of (isocyanate:polyol) [1:1] mixing with 5 drops of distill water as chemicals blowing agent. Different amounts of epoxy resin [2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%] mixing with polyol using a magnetic stirrer for 30 min at 50 °C and 30 rpm. The hardener mixing with isocyanates in another container. These two solutions were mixing together, then water was added and mixing by hand to form polyurethane/ epoxy blend foam sample. The mechanical characteristics [hardness, tensile and compression] tests were achieved to display the effects of polyol type, epoxy concentration on the mechanical characteristics of the final product. The results of mechanical characteristics increasing with additions of epoxy resin at the best ratio is 7.5 wt%.
{"title":"Investigation of the Epoxy Concentrations Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Foams","authors":"Dhey Jawad Mohammed, N. Hadi, Z. Alobad","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id225","url":null,"abstract":"Thermosetting foam had a number of advantage in comparison with unfoamed polymer such as lightweights, higher specifics strength, and stiffness. In this work, preparations and characterizations of polymers foams from polyurethanes have carrying out by means of one shot methods for productions of microcellulars polymers that are using in the lower limp application. Many type of polyols (Local commercial market, Quickmast 110, and Quickmast 120) at equivalents ratios of (isocyanate:polyol) [1:1] mixing with 5 drops of distill water as chemicals blowing agent. Different amounts of epoxy resin [2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%] mixing with polyol using a magnetic stirrer for 30 min at 50 °C and 30 rpm. The hardener mixing with isocyanates in another container. These two solutions were mixing together, then water was added and mixing by hand to form polyurethane/ epoxy blend foam sample. The mechanical characteristics [hardness, tensile and compression] tests were achieved to display the effects of polyol type, epoxy concentration on the mechanical characteristics of the final product. The results of mechanical characteristics increasing with additions of epoxy resin at the best ratio is 7.5 wt%.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79489500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id233
Fatima Atiye Lafta, Suhir Abdel Aziz Jabber, Thana'a Abdul Amir, Ali Nazim Abdul Kerim, Lehib Abdul Hussain
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was used as a filler in the mixture for plastic pipes to improve the mechanical properties of the product, this research dealt with the study of the effect of increasing the proportion of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the properties of the produced pipe through a factory application by preparation of five mixture of polyvinyl chloride with different proportions of calcium carbonate (3, 5, 8, 10, and 15)% with some additional materials for the manufacture of the plastic pipes by using the extrusion method to produce polyvinyl chloride pipes (110mm × 10bar × 6m) for transportation of drinking water,a series of tests were carried out on the raw materials: (bulk density, free flow and sieve analysis) and also on the final product: (dimensions, heat reversion, tensile strength, impact strength, resistance to external blows and strength characteristics determined by long-term hydrostatic strength (rupture), the results of the tests showed a decrease in the tensile strength by increasing the percentage of calcium carbonate addition and by a small amount up to 8% and the decrease became more clear when the percentage of calcium carbonate addition was more than 8%, the results obtained at the level of factory application have proved the possibility of increasing the proportion of calcium carbonate in the mixture of raw materials used in the manufacture of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (U.P.V.C) pipes (from 3 to 8 %) and the results of the tests on the final product conformed to the certified specification for the proportion of 3, 5, and 8% and did not conform to the certified specification for proportions 10 and 15%.
{"title":"Effect of Increasing Calcium Carbonate (as a Filler) on the Plastic Pipes Properties","authors":"Fatima Atiye Lafta, Suhir Abdel Aziz Jabber, Thana'a Abdul Amir, Ali Nazim Abdul Kerim, Lehib Abdul Hussain","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id233","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was used as a filler in the mixture for plastic pipes to improve the mechanical properties of the product, this research dealt with the study of the effect of increasing the proportion of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the properties of the produced pipe through a factory application by preparation of five mixture of polyvinyl chloride with different proportions of calcium carbonate (3, 5, 8, 10, and 15)% with some additional materials for the manufacture of the plastic pipes by using the extrusion method to produce polyvinyl chloride pipes (110mm × 10bar × 6m) for transportation of drinking water,a series of tests were carried out on the raw materials: (bulk density, free flow and sieve analysis) and also on the final product: (dimensions, heat reversion, tensile strength, impact strength, resistance to external blows and strength characteristics determined by long-term hydrostatic strength (rupture), the results of the tests showed a decrease in the tensile strength by increasing the percentage of calcium carbonate addition and by a small amount up to 8% and the decrease became more clear when the percentage of calcium carbonate addition was more than 8%, the results obtained at the level of factory application have proved the possibility of increasing the proportion of calcium carbonate in the mixture of raw materials used in the manufacture of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (U.P.V.C) pipes (from 3 to 8 %) and the results of the tests on the final product conformed to the certified specification for the proportion of 3, 5, and 8% and did not conform to the certified specification for proportions 10 and 15%.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85643026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id206
Ashwaq Abdulameer Khalaf
There are a wide range of temperatures wasted in some Iraqi factories ranging from low to medium to high grades, offset by a wide variety of generation techniques and liquids that can be used, this diversity allows us to choose the appropriate generation techniques (and fluids type) with the available waste heat in our factories, allowing us to make the maximum benefit of this wasted thermal energy in accordance with the recommendations of the International Energy Conference. All over Iraq, thermal waste is an abundant source of emission-free power that is frequently overlooked. It is a byproduct of industrial processes that could lower energy costs and reduce overall emissions from electric generation. The thermal waste is produced as long as the operation running. Producing electrical power from thermal waste would help to reduce energy costs. This research paper will explain and discuss choosing the appropriate technology between the three suggested technologies. In addition, the paper will discuss choosing the appropriate organic liquid for (Organic Rankine Cycle) ORC to recover the heat and transform it into an energy based on the waste temperature of some Iraqi industries. Also, it will discuss the choice of appropriate technology for the quantity and quality of this heat. That would help to reduce the waste of energy and air pollution.
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