Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id253
H. M. Zehraw, Ahmed H. Al-Azawy, Hanan Rashed
In this study, two types of local plants were chosen, the first is the plant golden pothos Epipremnum aureum and the second is the Iraqi Sheikh's chin plant Tribulus terrestris L, for the purpose of making a comparison between them in terms of their possession of chemical groups with antioxidant activity in order to use them as a natural alternative to using antioxidants Industrial that cause negative effects on human health, the samples were prepared using the method of water and alcohol extraction (ethanol 70%) for both plants. It revealed the presence of a number of chemical groups (tannins, carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids) for both plants, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts. Coumarins are only found in the sheikh's chin plant, while steroids are only found in the pothos plant. It was found that the alcoholic extract of the Sheikh's chin plant was best than aqueous extract in terms of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, as the concentration of 20 mg / ml achieved an effectiveness of 91.2, which is close to control (BHT) 92.3, while the opposite was recorded in the pothos plant as the aqueous extract was better than the alcoholic extract. As the concentration of 20 mg / ml recorded an activity of 89.22, while the alcoholic extract had a significant difference of 65.9, with a significant difference on the level of probability P˂0.01, and for the purpose of demonstrating the efficiency of the process of capturing free radicals of plant extracts, the effective concentration was determined (EC50) and found that the best concentration was achieved to capture 50% of The DPPH complex had an aqueous extract of pothos at 0.5 mg / mL which is very close to the EC50 value for control (vitamin C) followed by the alcoholic extract at 7.75 mg / mL. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to find the total content of phenols, it was found that the aqueous extract of the pothos plant had the highest content of phenols as it recorded the highest concentration of 49.33 compared to the alcohol extract 38.05. In contrast to the result of the Sheikh' chin plant, the alcoholic extract recorded the most phenol content at a concentration of 65.11 compared to the aqueous extract which recorded a concentration of 42.15.
{"title":"Study of the Effect of Epipremnum Aureum Extracts and Tribulus Terrestris L. as a Natural Alternative for the use of Industrial Antioxidants","authors":"H. M. Zehraw, Ahmed H. Al-Azawy, Hanan Rashed","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id253","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, two types of local plants were chosen, the first is the plant golden pothos Epipremnum aureum and the second is the Iraqi Sheikh's chin plant Tribulus terrestris L, for the purpose of making a comparison between them in terms of their possession of chemical groups with antioxidant activity in order to use them as a natural alternative to using antioxidants Industrial that cause negative effects on human health, the samples were prepared using the method of water and alcohol extraction (ethanol 70%) for both plants. It revealed the presence of a number of chemical groups (tannins, carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids) for both plants, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts. Coumarins are only found in the sheikh's chin plant, while steroids are only found in the pothos plant. It was found that the alcoholic extract of the Sheikh's chin plant was best than aqueous extract in terms of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, as the concentration of 20 mg / ml achieved an effectiveness of 91.2, which is close to control (BHT) 92.3, while the opposite was recorded in the pothos plant as the aqueous extract was better than the alcoholic extract. As the concentration of 20 mg / ml recorded an activity of 89.22, while the alcoholic extract had a significant difference of 65.9, with a significant difference on the level of probability P˂0.01, and for the purpose of demonstrating the efficiency of the process of capturing free radicals of plant extracts, the effective concentration was determined (EC50) and found that the best concentration was achieved to capture 50% of The DPPH complex had an aqueous extract of pothos at 0.5 mg / mL which is very close to the EC50 value for control (vitamin C) followed by the alcoholic extract at 7.75 mg / mL. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to find the total content of phenols, it was found that the aqueous extract of the pothos plant had the highest content of phenols as it recorded the highest concentration of 49.33 compared to the alcohol extract 38.05. In contrast to the result of the Sheikh' chin plant, the alcoholic extract recorded the most phenol content at a concentration of 65.11 compared to the aqueous extract which recorded a concentration of 42.15.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84275572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id156
K. Khalaf
First Iraqi attempt to study drug used for prostate cancer treatment (Abiraterone) that hypothetically reacted with known chemicals classified as Anticancer drug: Tirapazamine (T) and 5-Fluorouracil (F), food additive and preservative: Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (B) and Ethoxyquin (E), and sweeteners: P-4000 (P), Sodium Cyclamate (CS), Alitame (AT), and Saccharin (SA). The second step in this work was computational study of all reactants and the formed products having newly ether, amine, and carboxylic acid ester, and sulphonate bonds by online websites. Taste, toxicity, and ADMET were calculated by three online websites related to Charite University of Medicine, Institute for Physiology, Germany and University of Melbourne, Australia. SMILES of the reactants were obtained from National Library of Medicine/ National Center for Biotechnology Information websites while products were drawn by the molecular editor CS ChemDraw Ultra and rechecked by MarvinSketch program. This in Silico study showed various results of the formed products compared to Abiraterone (A) that predicated it as sour chemical belongs to Class 4 as a harmful substance if swallowed. Abiraterone (A) toxicity on liver organ was 61% probability percentage as hepatotoxicity while carcinogenicity, Immunotoxicity, Mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, AhR, AR, Aromatase, ER, HSE, and p53 were more than 70 % to bind Progesterone or Androgen. Also, Abiraterone (A) has a poor water solubility leading to high intestinal absorption, moderate total clearance, and giving inhibition reaction to Cytochrome P450 type CYP2C19, hERG II, and Ames test. These results confirmed that Abiraterone is structurally less harmful acute class with highly chance to interact with cell components resulting lethal response. All Abiraterone hypothetical products had a harmful reaction if swelled (Class 4), sour taste. All toxicological characters may be highly affected by its water solubility and intestinal absorption towards CNS, BBB, and CaCO2 permeability, skin sensation, and Ames test issues. For example, this in Silico- QSAR foundations about Abiraterone – Saccharin (A-SA) suggest that A-SA is structurally safe and there are several possibilities of becoming an active–multiple toxicological compound.
{"title":"In Silico Taste–Toxicity Study of New Hypothetical Hetero-Abiraterone Derivatives","authors":"K. Khalaf","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id156","url":null,"abstract":"First Iraqi attempt to study drug used for prostate cancer treatment (Abiraterone) that hypothetically reacted with known chemicals classified as Anticancer drug: Tirapazamine (T) and 5-Fluorouracil (F), food additive and preservative: Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (B) and Ethoxyquin (E), and sweeteners: P-4000 (P), Sodium Cyclamate (CS), Alitame (AT), and Saccharin (SA). The second step in this work was computational study of all reactants and the formed products having newly ether, amine, and carboxylic acid ester, and sulphonate bonds by online websites. Taste, toxicity, and ADMET were calculated by three online websites related to Charite University of Medicine, Institute for Physiology, Germany and University of Melbourne, Australia. SMILES of the reactants were obtained from National Library of Medicine/ National Center for Biotechnology Information websites while products were drawn by the molecular editor CS ChemDraw Ultra and rechecked by MarvinSketch program. This in Silico study showed various results of the formed products compared to Abiraterone (A) that predicated it as sour chemical belongs to Class 4 as a harmful substance if swallowed. Abiraterone (A) toxicity on liver organ was 61% probability percentage as hepatotoxicity while carcinogenicity, Immunotoxicity, Mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, AhR, AR, Aromatase, ER, HSE, and p53 were more than 70 % to bind Progesterone or Androgen. Also, Abiraterone (A) has a poor water solubility leading to high intestinal absorption, moderate total clearance, and giving inhibition reaction to Cytochrome P450 type CYP2C19, hERG II, and Ames test. These results confirmed that Abiraterone is structurally less harmful acute class with highly chance to interact with cell components resulting lethal response. All Abiraterone hypothetical products had a harmful reaction if swelled (Class 4), sour taste. All toxicological characters may be highly affected by its water solubility and intestinal absorption towards CNS, BBB, and CaCO2 permeability, skin sensation, and Ames test issues. For example, this in Silico- QSAR foundations about Abiraterone – Saccharin (A-SA) suggest that A-SA is structurally safe and there are several possibilities of becoming an active–multiple toxicological compound.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87168587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id212
A. al-ani, D. Ahmed, M. Al-Mashhadani, Mustafa Abdallh, E. Yousif
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was prepared and the photo-stabilization of polymer films was studied using ultraviolet (UV) light. The efficiency of the synthesized polymer complex of ibuprofen-tin which is the photo-stabilizer in this study afterward of 300 hours of irradiation were evaluated by calculate the constant of PVC degradation rate. The outcome of this research has shown that the additives (ibuprofen-tin complexes) effect significantly on the decreased degradation constant compare to blank PVC, without additives the rate of degradation constant of PVC is greater than when the additives are added. The surface morphologies of the irradiated polymer film with additives were researches utilizing Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). It can be seen that the polymer film with added additives is less roughness than the irradiated PVC (blank). The organotin complexes behave in this study as a photostabilizer to maintain the PVC from any decomposition by absorbing the incident light and convert it over the time as a heat to the polymeric chain.
{"title":"Morphological, Photochemical and Spectroscopic Studies of Ibuprofen-Tin Complexes","authors":"A. al-ani, D. Ahmed, M. Al-Mashhadani, Mustafa Abdallh, E. Yousif","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id212","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was prepared and the photo-stabilization of polymer films was studied using ultraviolet (UV) light. The efficiency of the synthesized polymer complex of ibuprofen-tin which is the photo-stabilizer in this study afterward of 300 hours of irradiation were evaluated by calculate the constant of PVC degradation rate. The outcome of this research has shown that the additives (ibuprofen-tin complexes) effect significantly on the decreased degradation constant compare to blank PVC, without additives the rate of degradation constant of PVC is greater than when the additives are added. The surface morphologies of the irradiated polymer film with additives were researches utilizing Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). It can be seen that the polymer film with added additives is less roughness than the irradiated PVC (blank). The organotin complexes behave in this study as a photostabilizer to maintain the PVC from any decomposition by absorbing the incident light and convert it over the time as a heat to the polymeric chain.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81585132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id203
Khanssa Badie Jamil
Propionibacteria have mainly been found in dairy products and on the skin of humans and animals. This genus classified as non-producing PHA but in this study we show that Propionibacterium sp. can produce PHA. A member of the genus Propionibacterium was isolated from soil. The isolate was identified based on its gram positive pleomorphic rods. Cells occur short chains, singly or in pairs, in V or Y configurations. On mineral salt agar colonies are semi-opaque, convex, glittering and often pigmented in orange in color, biochemical tests and 16SrDNA also done. The 16SrDNA analysis confirmed 85% identity to Propionibacterium (accession number NR 074675.1). The presence of 3HB was identified, based on the analysis of NMR. 13C and 1H NMR analysis confirmed that Propionibacterium sp was able to produce PHA.polymer. These confirm the results of GC. The isolate was then grown on media with waste glycerol (WG), palm oil, different concentration of glucose and one stage and two stages of cultivation. This lead to the conclusion that Propionibacterium is able to grow utilizing waste glycerol, palm oil and different concentration of glucose as the sole carbon source under limited conditions. The PHA content 3 (wt%) and the composition (mol%) and (86% 3HB) when used glucose 2% at frist stage cultivation. while the PHA content 13 (wt %) when used palm oil and 5 (wt%) when utilized (WG), as sole carbon source.
{"title":"Synthesis of Environmental Bioplastic Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from Waste Glycerol, Palm Oil and Different Concentrations of Glucose by A New Strain Propionibacterium Sp.","authors":"Khanssa Badie Jamil","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id203","url":null,"abstract":"Propionibacteria have mainly been found in dairy products and on the skin of humans and animals. This genus classified as non-producing PHA but in this study we show that Propionibacterium sp. can produce PHA. A member of the genus Propionibacterium was isolated from soil. The isolate was identified based on its gram positive pleomorphic rods. Cells occur short chains, singly or in pairs, in V or Y configurations. On mineral salt agar colonies are semi-opaque, convex, glittering and often pigmented in orange in color, biochemical tests and 16SrDNA also done. The 16SrDNA analysis confirmed 85% identity to Propionibacterium (accession number NR 074675.1). The presence of 3HB was identified, based on the analysis of NMR. 13C and 1H NMR analysis confirmed that Propionibacterium sp was able to produce PHA.polymer. These confirm the results of GC. The isolate was then grown on media with waste glycerol (WG), palm oil, different concentration of glucose and one stage and two stages of cultivation. This lead to the conclusion that Propionibacterium is able to grow utilizing waste glycerol, palm oil and different concentration of glucose as the sole carbon source under limited conditions. The PHA content 3 (wt%) and the composition (mol%) and (86% 3HB) when used glucose 2% at frist stage cultivation. while the PHA content 13 (wt %) when used palm oil and 5 (wt%) when utilized (WG), as sole carbon source.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90287025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id192
I. H. Hamzah, N. A. Saeed, Israa M. S. Al-Kadmy
Diabetes and depression are highly prevalent conditions and have significant impact on health outcomes. We aimed to assess the relationship between diabetes and depression among patients. Methods: 200 patients diagnosed with diabetes attending diabetes clinics were invited to participate in this study. Results: In this study most of the participants belong to the age group of 61- 70 years, 140 participants are female. Study results indicated that 64 (32%) participants have 6 to 10 years of illness, 49 (24.5%) participants are on treatment for 6 to 10 years of duration, 199 (99.5%) participants are taking oral drugs twice a day, 97 (48.5%) participants have hypertension, 137 (68.5%) participants had no family history of diabetes mellitus and 179 (89.5%) participants do not have any complication currently In this study, 137(68.5%) participants did not forget to take medication,177 (88.5%) participants did not stop medication when symptoms are under control,163(81.5%) participants felt convenient to take medication and 172 (86%) participants did not feel difficulty in remembering to take medication. 96 (48%) patients with diabetes mellitus had high adherence, 74 (37%) participants had moderate adherence and 30 (15%) participants had low adherence. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates slight correlation between depression and diabetes particularly complications.
{"title":"Assessment of the Relationship between Drug Compliance and Depression among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"I. H. Hamzah, N. A. Saeed, Israa M. S. Al-Kadmy","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id192","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes and depression are highly prevalent conditions and have significant impact on health outcomes. We aimed to assess the relationship between diabetes and depression among patients. Methods: 200 patients diagnosed with diabetes attending diabetes clinics were invited to participate in this study. Results: In this study most of the participants belong to the age group of 61- 70 years, 140 participants are female. Study results indicated that 64 (32%) participants have 6 to 10 years of illness, 49 (24.5%) participants are on treatment for 6 to 10 years of duration, 199 (99.5%) participants are taking oral drugs twice a day, 97 (48.5%) participants have hypertension, 137 (68.5%) participants had no family history of diabetes mellitus and 179 (89.5%) participants do not have any complication currently In this study, 137(68.5%) participants did not forget to take medication,177 (88.5%) participants did not stop medication when symptoms are under control,163(81.5%) participants felt convenient to take medication and 172 (86%) participants did not feel difficulty in remembering to take medication. 96 (48%) patients with diabetes mellitus had high adherence, 74 (37%) participants had moderate adherence and 30 (15%) participants had low adherence. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates slight correlation between depression and diabetes particularly complications.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77218018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id167
Abdul Raheem K. Abid Ali, A. M. Wais
The study the hardness, wear corrosion resistance of as-coating, heat treatment and plasma-nitriding of Ni- B electroless coatings was deposit on 4340 steel. After the procees of coating, samples were plasma-nitriding in percentage hydrogen/nitrogen ratio (50%), in the temperature 400°C, at 4 hours were compared with heat treatment. characterization by of FESEM, XRD, microhardness, Corrosion Resistance and surface roughness measurements. Microhardness was show highest hardness of 1050 HV was obtained for Ni-B plasma-nitriding formula whereas the greatest hardness of 800 HV was become for sample of Ni-B heat treated. Ni-B coating is used in the enhancement of properties of the corrosion of AISI 4340 steel is due to the thickness of electroless deposition, which is uniform, and the cold of Ni-B coating to act as an active barrier between corrosion media and metal, it should be noted that the value of Ecorr is less negative and the rate of corrosion and Icorr is lower on the plated sample than on the uncoated sample. The rate of the wear for samples is decrement by plasma-nitriding with deposition time at (4h) and the temperature 400°C. Rate of wear for the materials depends not just into condition of wear test, but also with several properties of material and features as topography, hardness and friction coefficient.
{"title":"A Comparison between the Effect of Heat Treatment and Plasma on the Wear Activities and Corrosion Resistance of Ni-B Electroless Coating with AISI 4340 Steel","authors":"Abdul Raheem K. Abid Ali, A. M. Wais","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id167","url":null,"abstract":"The study the hardness, wear corrosion resistance of as-coating, heat treatment and plasma-nitriding of Ni- B electroless coatings was deposit on 4340 steel. After the procees of coating, samples were plasma-nitriding in percentage hydrogen/nitrogen ratio (50%), in the temperature 400°C, at 4 hours were compared with heat treatment. characterization by of FESEM, XRD, microhardness, Corrosion Resistance and surface roughness measurements. Microhardness was show highest hardness of 1050 HV was obtained for Ni-B plasma-nitriding formula whereas the greatest hardness of 800 HV was become for sample of Ni-B heat treated. Ni-B coating is used in the enhancement of properties of the corrosion of AISI 4340 steel is due to the thickness of electroless deposition, which is uniform, and the cold of Ni-B coating to act as an active barrier between corrosion media and metal, it should be noted that the value of Ecorr is less negative and the rate of corrosion and Icorr is lower on the plated sample than on the uncoated sample. The rate of the wear for samples is decrement by plasma-nitriding with deposition time at (4h) and the temperature 400°C. Rate of wear for the materials depends not just into condition of wear test, but also with several properties of material and features as topography, hardness and friction coefficient.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82327410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id175
Sameh Qahtan Al-Najjar, Sabah Radhi Mohamed, Mohamed Ali Fiadh, Hiba Abdali Jassim, Hausam Ali Hussein
Ceratophyllum plant covers most waterways, including lined channels and trenches. This plant causes a loss in the amount of runoff, velocity of water in the channels, and reduces the drainage rates. This research aims to design and manufacture a machine to clean the water intake outlet for the filtering station of Karbala drinking water by removing plankton, Ceratophyllum plant and algae, and throw these impurities out by means of adding catchers to the machine. As a result of gathering of these floating plants during runoff, it around water surrounding channels intake that were went to suction pumps, so that the channels are blocked. That is why, the workers would be frequently getting down to the river for cleaning after shutdown of the pumps. After studying the topic and coming up with an idea, according to which the design and technology drawings of the machine and determining the location where the device will be tested after implementation at different speeds (30, 60, and 100 m/min.). Three types of catchers (holders) of Ceratophyllum Plant and other Plankton were used. It was obtained that the cross-sectional area of the flow of the machine is greater than that of the suction pipe of the water purification station. The best linear speed for this machine was 30 m/min, which removes impurities by 2.2m3.
{"title":"Design and Manufacture of Machine for Removing Ceratophyllum Demersum and Other Plankton in Rivers","authors":"Sameh Qahtan Al-Najjar, Sabah Radhi Mohamed, Mohamed Ali Fiadh, Hiba Abdali Jassim, Hausam Ali Hussein","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id175","url":null,"abstract":"Ceratophyllum plant covers most waterways, including lined channels and trenches. This plant causes a loss in the amount of runoff, velocity of water in the channels, and reduces the drainage rates. This research aims to design and manufacture a machine to clean the water intake outlet for the filtering station of Karbala drinking water by removing plankton, Ceratophyllum plant and algae, and throw these impurities out by means of adding catchers to the machine. As a result of gathering of these floating plants during runoff, it around water surrounding channels intake that were went to suction pumps, so that the channels are blocked. That is why, the workers would be frequently getting down to the river for cleaning after shutdown of the pumps. After studying the topic and coming up with an idea, according to which the design and technology drawings of the machine and determining the location where the device will be tested after implementation at different speeds (30, 60, and 100 m/min.). Three types of catchers (holders) of Ceratophyllum Plant and other Plankton were used. It was obtained that the cross-sectional area of the flow of the machine is greater than that of the suction pipe of the water purification station. The best linear speed for this machine was 30 m/min, which removes impurities by 2.2m3.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73317967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id213
A. T. Abduljabbar, Reem Younes, Amer Jahad Ibrahem
Many countries are interested in waste management technologies and their use, where these technologies contribute to the disposal of pollutants that affect the environment. As a significant fraction of municipal solid waste, waste paper is a potential source for producing bioethanol. Bioethanol production is a widely studied process for biofuel production, as waste disposal through incineration emits dangerous greenhouse gases (which cause global warming). The current work uses cardboard waste as a raw material for bioethanol synthesis through the physical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments to improve glucose synthesis from cardboard waste by two-stage saccharomyces and fermentation stage, using yeast extract. We relied on Trichoderma is a genus of fungi found in all soils, being the most widely cultured fungi; this fungus is a producer of the cellulase enzyme that breaks down cellulose into fermented sugar and relies on three different media with a carbon source and a vegetable source. (CMC) carboxymethyl cellulose agar the medium was chosen for the growth of enzyme-dissolving fungi, and then the enzymatic filtrate was taken, which contains a high percentage of sugars about (12 mg/l) in the optimum conditions pH (5.5-6) and temperature 28 °C. The purpose of the research exploitation of cellulose in cardboard and production of ethanol by fermentation process for a period of 5-8 days, satisfactory results have been obtained, consumption of 5g cardboard waste produces 1%, which is equivalent to 20ml ethanol yield.
{"title":"Converting of Cardboard Waste for Bioethanol Production Using Anaerobic Fermentation","authors":"A. T. Abduljabbar, Reem Younes, Amer Jahad Ibrahem","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id213","url":null,"abstract":"Many countries are interested in waste management technologies and their use, where these technologies contribute to the disposal of pollutants that affect the environment. As a significant fraction of municipal solid waste, waste paper is a potential source for producing bioethanol. Bioethanol production is a widely studied process for biofuel production, as waste disposal through incineration emits dangerous greenhouse gases (which cause global warming). The current work uses cardboard waste as a raw material for bioethanol synthesis through the physical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments to improve glucose synthesis from cardboard waste by two-stage saccharomyces and fermentation stage, using yeast extract. We relied on Trichoderma is a genus of fungi found in all soils, being the most widely cultured fungi; this fungus is a producer of the cellulase enzyme that breaks down cellulose into fermented sugar and relies on three different media with a carbon source and a vegetable source. (CMC) carboxymethyl cellulose agar the medium was chosen for the growth of enzyme-dissolving fungi, and then the enzymatic filtrate was taken, which contains a high percentage of sugars about (12 mg/l) in the optimum conditions pH (5.5-6) and temperature 28 °C. The purpose of the research exploitation of cellulose in cardboard and production of ethanol by fermentation process for a period of 5-8 days, satisfactory results have been obtained, consumption of 5g cardboard waste produces 1%, which is equivalent to 20ml ethanol yield.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81082563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id268
Zainab Farooq, Feryal Majed, Ahmed Jibeer, Arej Ali, Rahim Jabbar
Oral ulcers are common occurrences in animals for many reasons, including accidental injuries that occur during the consumption of feed or food, and may be bacterial and fungal or viral causes such as foot-and-mouth disease, which is usually accompanied by ulcers in the mouth, udder and foot (FMD), which leads to the animal's abstinence from food and then death so to find ways that solve this problem a pharmaceutical formula had been prepared from extract oils mint, thyme and cloves called it (mint vet). The oils were extracted by water evaporation then examined by GC-MS and attended many formulations until reaching the until reaching the perfect consistency and stability where the pharmaceutical form was white emulsion kept inside a spray bottle given in the form of a mouthwash. The biological test stability was conducted on the product for six months at two temperatures one of them cold degree 4°C and the other is room temperature 25°C to determine the expiration date and the best storage conditions, it has been compare with stander Gentamicin and Nystatin the inhibition zone of formula was higher than stander inhibition zone, high temperature was avoided because the product contains essential oil, the expiry date was calculated two years and store at less 15°C. The formula has been tasted in veterinary hospitals in Al-Rashedia and Baghdad, the report had proved the efficiency of the mouth wash and there are significant responses, when it’s used to treat Foot and Mouth Disease FMD without any side effect.
{"title":"Preparation of a Medicinal Formula as Emulsion Spray from Oil Extracts of Thyme, Spearmint and Clove to Treat Oral Ulcers in Animals and FMD in Cattle","authors":"Zainab Farooq, Feryal Majed, Ahmed Jibeer, Arej Ali, Rahim Jabbar","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id268","url":null,"abstract":"Oral ulcers are common occurrences in animals for many reasons, including accidental injuries that occur during the consumption of feed or food, and may be bacterial and fungal or viral causes such as foot-and-mouth disease, which is usually accompanied by ulcers in the mouth, udder and foot (FMD), which leads to the animal's abstinence from food and then death so to find ways that solve this problem a pharmaceutical formula had been prepared from extract oils mint, thyme and cloves called it (mint vet). The oils were extracted by water evaporation then examined by GC-MS and attended many formulations until reaching the until reaching the perfect consistency and stability where the pharmaceutical form was white emulsion kept inside a spray bottle given in the form of a mouthwash. The biological test stability was conducted on the product for six months at two temperatures one of them cold degree 4°C and the other is room temperature 25°C to determine the expiration date and the best storage conditions, it has been compare with stander Gentamicin and Nystatin the inhibition zone of formula was higher than stander inhibition zone, high temperature was avoided because the product contains essential oil, the expiry date was calculated two years and store at less 15°C. The formula has been tasted in veterinary hospitals in Al-Rashedia and Baghdad, the report had proved the efficiency of the mouth wash and there are significant responses, when it’s used to treat Foot and Mouth Disease FMD without any side effect.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83078360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id180
L. Hashim, Ahmed K. Hassan, M. F. Hashim
The study aimed to examine plant extract prepared from three species including Leucaena seeds, Conocarpus leaves and Moringa seeds, those compared alum as natural coagulants for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) of domestic sewage water. Pure clay material was added gradually to the sewage water then mixed continually to obtain a final form of turbid sewage water. The experiment's work was carried out using a jar test device, each plant extract was used to reduce COD in sewage water which comprised five doses (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100) ppm with five levels of pH 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. Results revealed that there was the highest decrease of COD percentages through the experiment process using three plant extracts compared alum which was (65, 66, 64, and 55)% at concentrations of (50, 50, 75 and 25) ppm for three natural coagulants and alum respectively, at Ph 9, also indicated acceptable changing pH and EC using natural coagulant application.
{"title":"Investigating the Efficiency of Locally Available Mucilage Plant Extract for Reducing Hydrocarbon Materials in Water","authors":"L. Hashim, Ahmed K. Hassan, M. F. Hashim","doi":"10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id180","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to examine plant extract prepared from three species including Leucaena seeds, Conocarpus leaves and Moringa seeds, those compared alum as natural coagulants for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) of domestic sewage water. Pure clay material was added gradually to the sewage water then mixed continually to obtain a final form of turbid sewage water. The experiment's work was carried out using a jar test device, each plant extract was used to reduce COD in sewage water which comprised five doses (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100) ppm with five levels of pH 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. Results revealed that there was the highest decrease of COD percentages through the experiment process using three plant extracts compared alum which was (65, 66, 64, and 55)% at concentrations of (50, 50, 75 and 25) ppm for three natural coagulants and alum respectively, at Ph 9, also indicated acceptable changing pH and EC using natural coagulant application.","PeriodicalId":14665,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research","volume":"49 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75854534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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