Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10048
Kusum K. Thakur, Neerja R Khurana, N. Rani, V. Hooda
Nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO2) is one of the most diverse nanomaterials available today but inconclusive studies on the effects of nTiO2 on plants are withholding its successful application in agriculture. In the present work, an attempt has been made to evaluate the interaction of nTiO2 with Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek from the seed germination stage until the plants were 14 days old. TEM analysis revealed that nTiO2 was synthesized in the size range of 1–10 nm and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystal structure. The plants were raised hydroponically in nutrient solution spiked with two different concentrations of nTiO2 (10 and 100 mg L−1). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results established the accumulation of nTiO2 in leaves. In response to the presence of nTiO2, V. radiata plants performed better as indicated by their increased seed germination, root and shoot length, higher fresh and dry weight and elevated chlorophyll and flavonoid contents. Germination percentage of V. radiata seeds increased by about 22% at 10 mg L−1 and 14% at 100 mg L−1 nTiO2 concentration. Maximum stimulation of total chlorophyll, flavonoids and phenolic contents was observed at 100 mg L−1 nTiO2 concentration in 7-day old plants, where an astonishing 8 fold increase in chlorophyll, 3 fold increase in flavonoids and 2 fold increase in phenolics was observed. However, a decrease in carbohydrate and protein contents and an increase in lipid peroxidation also marked the presence of mild oxidative stress that was neutralized by increased activity of antioxdant enzymes namely catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-s-transferase. The activity of superoxide dismutase was more or less stable while glutathione peroxidase activity reduced compared to the control plants. The higher ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activities of the nTiO2 treated plants also supported effective neutralization of free radicals.
{"title":"Enhanced growth and antioxidant efficiency of Vigna radiata seedlings in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized via the sonochemical method","authors":"Kusum K. Thakur, Neerja R Khurana, N. Rani, V. Hooda","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO2) is one of the most diverse nanomaterials available today but inconclusive studies on the effects of nTiO2 on plants are withholding its successful application in agriculture. In the present work, an attempt has been made to evaluate the interaction of nTiO2 with Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek from the seed germination stage until the plants were 14 days old. TEM analysis revealed that nTiO2 was synthesized in the size range of 1–10 nm and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystal structure. The plants were raised hydroponically in nutrient solution spiked with two different concentrations of nTiO2 (10 and 100 mg L−1). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results established the accumulation of nTiO2 in leaves. In response to the presence of nTiO2, V. radiata plants performed better as indicated by their increased seed germination, root and shoot length, higher fresh and dry weight and elevated chlorophyll and flavonoid contents. Germination percentage of V. radiata seeds increased by about 22% at 10 mg L−1 and 14% at 100 mg L−1 nTiO2 concentration. Maximum stimulation of total chlorophyll, flavonoids and phenolic contents was observed at 100 mg L−1 nTiO2 concentration in 7-day old plants, where an astonishing 8 fold increase in chlorophyll, 3 fold increase in flavonoids and 2 fold increase in phenolics was observed. However, a decrease in carbohydrate and protein contents and an increase in lipid peroxidation also marked the presence of mild oxidative stress that was neutralized by increased activity of antioxdant enzymes namely catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-s-transferase. The activity of superoxide dismutase was more or less stable while glutathione peroxidase activity reduced compared to the control plants. The higher ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activities of the nTiO2 treated plants also supported effective neutralization of free radicals.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47276015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10049
R. Likhith, G. Alagarasan, R. Muthurajan, Boominathan Parasuraman, R. Subramanian
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) an important legume crop with valuable nutritional and health benefits is severely affected by drought conditions. Desiccation tolerance is a capacity of seeds to survive and maintain physiological activities during storage and stress conditions. LEA proteins are group of stress associated proteins that help the plants survive water deficit stress. Here we have performed genome-wide analysis of mungbean LEA (VrLEA) genes, and also insilico physical/functional characterization. Gene-positioning showed that 307 VrLEAs are present in all the eleven chromosomes, but are unevenly distributed.Upstream promoter sequence analysis of LEA genes revealed the occurrence of MYB transcription factor (TF)in higher number compared to other TFs i.e., bZIP, AP2, WRKY, NAC and bHLH.Further, we downstreamed our analysis to fewer VrLEAs, based on drought responsive data. The VrLEAs obtained from the earlier experimental data were examined for its organelle localization and found that they are intracellular functional proteins.
绿豆(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)是一种重要的豆科作物，具有宝贵的营养和健康效益，受到干旱条件的严重影响。干燥耐受性是种子在储存和胁迫条件下生存和维持生理活动的能力。LEA蛋白是一组帮助植物在缺水胁迫下生存的应激相关蛋白。在这里，我们对绿豆LEA (VrLEA)基因进行了全基因组分析，并进行了计算机物理/功能表征。基因定位结果表明，11条染色体均含有307个VrLEAs，但分布不均匀。LEA基因上游启动子序列分析发现，MYB转录因子(TF)的发生率高于bZIP、AP2、WRKY、NAC和bHLH等转录因子。此外，基于干旱响应数据，我们将分析下行到更少的vrlea。从早期实验数据中获得的VrLEAs进行了细胞器定位检查，发现它们是细胞内功能蛋白。
{"title":"Genome wide identification of mungbean (Vigna radiata [L.] R. Wilczek) Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) protein gene family","authors":"R. Likhith, G. Alagarasan, R. Muthurajan, Boominathan Parasuraman, R. Subramanian","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) an important legume crop with valuable nutritional and health benefits is severely affected by drought conditions. Desiccation tolerance is a capacity of seeds to survive and maintain physiological activities during storage and stress conditions. LEA proteins are group of stress associated proteins that help the plants survive water deficit stress. Here we have performed genome-wide analysis of mungbean LEA (VrLEA) genes, and also insilico physical/functional characterization. Gene-positioning showed that 307 VrLEAs are present in all the eleven chromosomes, but are unevenly distributed.Upstream promoter sequence analysis of LEA genes revealed the occurrence of MYB transcription factor (TF)in higher number compared to other TFs i.e., bZIP, AP2, WRKY, NAC and bHLH.Further, we downstreamed our analysis to fewer VrLEAs, based on drought responsive data. The VrLEAs obtained from the earlier experimental data were examined for its organelle localization and found that they are intracellular functional proteins.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42616551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10045
J. Mareeswaran
Branch canker disease caused by the fungus Macrophoma theicola is a major stem disease that reduces the yield of south Indian tea plantations. Hence the present study aimed to assess the efficacy of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma spp against various isolates of Macrophoma spp. For this matter, different tea-growing regions of south India were surveyed for the isolation and characterization of Macrophoma spp. Then, fungal biocontrol strains (Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma harzianum, and Gliocladium virens) were procured from microbial type culture collection Centre (MTCC) to screen their antagonistic potential on different isolates Macrophoma spp. The spores of Macrophoma spp were examined through a light microscope and identified by their peculiar morphological features such as non-septum pycnidiospores present in the sac and oval shape spore with stalk and confirmed using 18S rRNA gene sequence. The results revealed that the biocontrol G. virens followed by T. harzianum showed a higher inhibitory effect on different isolates of Macrophoma spp in the dual plate and culture filtrate studies. In the well diffusion method, the fungal biocontrol agents were found to be exhibit non-significant differences on different isolates of branch canker pathogen. The hyphal interactions studies showed that the pathogenic hyphal wall shrunk and penetrated by the interaction of G. virens.
{"title":"Influence of Trichoderma spp on Macrophoma theicola branch canker disease in South Indian tea gardens, India","authors":"J. Mareeswaran","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Branch canker disease caused by the fungus Macrophoma theicola is a major stem disease that reduces the yield of south Indian tea plantations. Hence the present study aimed to assess the efficacy of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma spp against various isolates of Macrophoma spp. For this matter, different tea-growing regions of south India were surveyed for the isolation and characterization of Macrophoma spp. Then, fungal biocontrol strains (Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma harzianum, and Gliocladium virens) were procured from microbial type culture collection Centre (MTCC) to screen their antagonistic potential on different isolates Macrophoma spp. The spores of Macrophoma spp were examined through a light microscope and identified by their peculiar morphological features such as non-septum pycnidiospores present in the sac and oval shape spore with stalk and confirmed using 18S rRNA gene sequence. The results revealed that the biocontrol G. virens followed by T. harzianum showed a higher inhibitory effect on different isolates of Macrophoma spp in the dual plate and culture filtrate studies. In the well diffusion method, the fungal biocontrol agents were found to be exhibit non-significant differences on different isolates of branch canker pathogen. The hyphal interactions studies showed that the pathogenic hyphal wall shrunk and penetrated by the interaction of G. virens.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48821598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10046
F. Hancı
Considering the high importance of leek as a vegetable crop, this species is rarely an object of molecular genetic studies. In this study, SRAP and ISSR markers were used for the first time to investigate the genetic diversity in Turkish leek accessions together with some morphological characters. The study was conducted in Erciyes University Faculty of Agriculture in 2018–2020. Thirty-seven local varieties were collected from different towns in Turkey. Also, nineteen leek accessions, which originated from different regions of Turkey, had been kindly obtained from Plant Gene Banks, USDA. Seventeen SRAP and three ISSR markers were screened; all of them exposing 137 reproducible bands, of which 114 resulted in polymorphic. Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied between 0.209 and 0.840. Genetic similarities varied from 0.563 to 0.960, with an average of 0.789. In addition to molecular markers, the entire gene pool was morphologically characterized over two-year data. For this purpose, eight characters, which play a key role in leek breeding, were measured. At the end of the study, the analyzes made according to the molecular and morphological data were compared both separately and in combination. In all groupings, it was found remarkable that the accessions numbered 98*3, 40*1, 40*4, and 40*6 were positioned differently from the others. These results have provided important insights into the genetic variability of Turkish leek accessions for the first time. Also, the diversity analysis performed in this study provides valuable information to researchers for future studies.
{"title":"The first assessment of genetic diversity among Turkish leek accessions using molecular and morphological markers","authors":"F. Hancı","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Considering the high importance of leek as a vegetable crop, this species is rarely an object of molecular genetic studies. In this study, SRAP and ISSR markers were used for the first time to investigate the genetic diversity in Turkish leek accessions together with some morphological characters. The study was conducted in Erciyes University Faculty of Agriculture in 2018–2020. Thirty-seven local varieties were collected from different towns in Turkey. Also, nineteen leek accessions, which originated from different regions of Turkey, had been kindly obtained from Plant Gene Banks, USDA. Seventeen SRAP and three ISSR markers were screened; all of them exposing 137 reproducible bands, of which 114 resulted in polymorphic. Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied between 0.209 and 0.840. Genetic similarities varied from 0.563 to 0.960, with an average of 0.789. In addition to molecular markers, the entire gene pool was morphologically characterized over two-year data. For this purpose, eight characters, which play a key role in leek breeding, were measured. At the end of the study, the analyzes made according to the molecular and morphological data were compared both separately and in combination. In all groupings, it was found remarkable that the accessions numbered 98*3, 40*1, 40*4, and 40*6 were positioned differently from the others. These results have provided important insights into the genetic variability of Turkish leek accessions for the first time. Also, the diversity analysis performed in this study provides valuable information to researchers for future studies.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47577001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10044
Patrik Mészáros, Ľ. Rybanský, Monika Bardáčová, Marcel Roszival, I. Matušíková
Metal pollution represents a serious issue for sustainable agronomy and food safety. Activation of plants’ protective mechanisms has been shown to depend on the extent of soil contamination with metal, but reports on dose-dependent responses (especially to extreme concentrations) are rather rare. In this research we exposed soybean (Glycine max L.) roots at a very early stage to a scale of cadmium concentrations, including doses far exceeding the amounts found in nature. Spectrophotometrical and enzyme in-gel detection assays were used to examine ongoing defence responses. The results confirmed commonly reported findings on inhibited growth and the activation of several superoxide dismutase isoforms in a dose-dependent manner. Contrary to expectations, the hydrogen peroxide levels, proline accumulation and the rate of lipid peroxidation were suppressed with increasing metal doses. More importantly, the linearity of Cd accumulation in soybean roots was interrupted at 200 mg.l−1 of cadmium, which coincides with peculiar responses of several chitinase family members. No such nonlinear response was observable for proline accumulation or any of the SOD isoforms. Possible explanations are provided and the importance of considering the metal stress dose is stressed to avoid false generalizations on plant defence responses.
金属污染是可持续农业和食品安全的一个严重问题。植物保护机制的激活已被证明取决于土壤中金属污染的程度，但关于剂量依赖性反应（尤其是对极端浓度）的报道相当罕见。在这项研究中，我们在很早的阶段就将大豆（Glycine max L.）根暴露在一定程度的镉浓度下，包括远远超过自然界中发现的剂量。分光光度法和凝胶酶检测法用于检测正在进行的防御反应。该结果证实了通常报道的以剂量依赖性方式抑制生长和激活几种超氧化物歧化酶异构体的发现。与预期相反，过氧化氢水平、脯氨酸积累和脂质过氧化速率随着金属剂量的增加而受到抑制。更重要的是，大豆根中镉积累的线性在200 mg·l−1的镉，这与几个几丁质酶家族成员的特殊反应一致。脯氨酸积累或任何SOD亚型都没有观察到这种非线性反应。提供了可能的解释，并强调了考虑金属胁迫剂量的重要性，以避免对植物防御反应的错误概括。
{"title":"Soybean roots defence against cadmium and its dependence on dose in a non-linear manner","authors":"Patrik Mészáros, Ľ. Rybanský, Monika Bardáčová, Marcel Roszival, I. Matušíková","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Metal pollution represents a serious issue for sustainable agronomy and food safety. Activation of plants’ protective mechanisms has been shown to depend on the extent of soil contamination with metal, but reports on dose-dependent responses (especially to extreme concentrations) are rather rare. In this research we exposed soybean (Glycine max L.) roots at a very early stage to a scale of cadmium concentrations, including doses far exceeding the amounts found in nature. Spectrophotometrical and enzyme in-gel detection assays were used to examine ongoing defence responses. The results confirmed commonly reported findings on inhibited growth and the activation of several superoxide dismutase isoforms in a dose-dependent manner. Contrary to expectations, the hydrogen peroxide levels, proline accumulation and the rate of lipid peroxidation were suppressed with increasing metal doses. More importantly, the linearity of Cd accumulation in soybean roots was interrupted at 200 mg.l−1 of cadmium, which coincides with peculiar responses of several chitinase family members. No such nonlinear response was observable for proline accumulation or any of the SOD isoforms. Possible explanations are provided and the importance of considering the metal stress dose is stressed to avoid false generalizations on plant defence responses.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42120074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.1163/22238980-20210001
Anat Elmann
Traditionally, horticultural research has concentrated on plant biochemistry and physiology, agricultural aspects, crop resistance to diseases, and so on. However, all plants contain many and various phytochemicals, with diverse biological activities. Throughout most of human history, before the development of the conventional pharmaceutical industry, herbal extracts containing these bioactive molecules were used to treat various diseases and symptoms. Herbal substances have also inspired the development of conventional medicines, with some of these medicines requiring a doctor’s prescription. The process of discovering plant substances with medical activities is long and multistaged, and is based on both ethnobotanical knowledge and experimental evidence. Due to the development of new areas of science, scientists have gained better understanding regarding the potential of plants beyond these classical research areas. This is why horticultural research expanded to new areas that bridge between human health and horticulture, the horticulture-health interphase.
{"title":"Special issue: Health promoting activities of phytochemicals","authors":"Anat Elmann","doi":"10.1163/22238980-20210001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-20210001","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, horticultural research has concentrated on plant biochemistry and physiology, agricultural aspects, crop resistance to diseases, and so on. However, all plants contain many and various phytochemicals, with diverse biological activities. Throughout most of human history, before the development of the conventional pharmaceutical industry, herbal extracts containing these bioactive molecules were used to treat various diseases and symptoms. Herbal substances have also inspired the development of conventional medicines, with some of these medicines requiring a doctor’s prescription. The process of discovering plant substances with medical activities is long and multistaged, and is based on both ethnobotanical knowledge and experimental evidence. Due to the development of new areas of science, scientists have gained better understanding regarding the potential of plants beyond these classical research areas. This is why horticultural research expanded to new areas that bridge between human health and horticulture, the horticulture-health interphase.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44501885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10036
R. Einav, M. Guiry, Á. Israel
A taxonomic list of macro marine algae (seaweeds) described in the literature for the Red Sea during the years 1756–2020 is presented. The list was prepared using existing published studies, local monitoring reports, as well as “grey” or unpublished lists of seaweeds for the area. Altogether, we examined more than 300 publications and compiled more than 900 taxonomic names, of which 576 correspond to valid species, whilst 355 names were considered synonyms for these species. The phylum Chlorophyta (green seaweeds) was represented by 37 currently accepted genera and 133 species (including 74 species synonyms). The phylum Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae only; brown seaweeds) was represented by 52 genera, 157 species and 99 synonyms; and the phylum Rhodophyta (red seaweeds) by 130 genera, 286 species and 182 synonyms. The brown seaweed Sargassum appears to be a particularly biodiverse genus in the area represented by 58 species and 26 synonyms. Our study shows the inconsistency and lack of long-term taxonomic studies and recent molecular investigations of seaweeds from nearly the whole Red Sea.
{"title":"A revised list of seaweeds from the Red Sea (1756–2020)","authors":"R. Einav, M. Guiry, Á. Israel","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A taxonomic list of macro marine algae (seaweeds) described in the literature for the Red Sea during the years 1756–2020 is presented. The list was prepared using existing published studies, local monitoring reports, as well as “grey” or unpublished lists of seaweeds for the area. Altogether, we examined more than 300 publications and compiled more than 900 taxonomic names, of which 576 correspond to valid species, whilst 355 names were considered synonyms for these species. The phylum Chlorophyta (green seaweeds) was represented by 37 currently accepted genera and 133 species (including 74 species synonyms). The phylum Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae only; brown seaweeds) was represented by 52 genera, 157 species and 99 synonyms; and the phylum Rhodophyta (red seaweeds) by 130 genera, 286 species and 182 synonyms. The brown seaweed Sargassum appears to be a particularly biodiverse genus in the area represented by 58 species and 26 synonyms. Our study shows the inconsistency and lack of long-term taxonomic studies and recent molecular investigations of seaweeds from nearly the whole Red Sea.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46515418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The successful clinical management of spinal cord injury (SCI) is still a unmet medical need. Despite advances in novel therapeutics, the multifactorial etiology of SCI still poses significant challenge to the mankind. Thus, in the present study, we intend to scrutinize the protective effect of Boldine (BOL), an alkaloid obtained from the boldo tree against experimental spinal cord injury. The effect of BOL was investigated on locomotor function of rats with various biomarkers of oxidative stress (MDA, SOD and GSH), inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), and apoptosis. Results suggest that BOL showed improvement in locomotor function (on BBB scale) of rats with does-dependent reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation. It also reduces neuronal apoptosis in flow cytometry experiment. The study successfully demonstrated the possible clinical utility of BOL against SCI.
{"title":"Protective effect of Boldine against neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury in rats","authors":"Jigao Feng, Junchi Liu, Xu Liu, Zhaoyou Qiu, Caicai Zhang","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The successful clinical management of spinal cord injury (SCI) is still a unmet medical need. Despite advances in novel therapeutics, the multifactorial etiology of SCI still poses significant challenge to the mankind. Thus, in the present study, we intend to scrutinize the protective effect of Boldine (BOL), an alkaloid obtained from the boldo tree against experimental spinal cord injury. The effect of BOL was investigated on locomotor function of rats with various biomarkers of oxidative stress (MDA, SOD and GSH), inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), and apoptosis. Results suggest that BOL showed improvement in locomotor function (on BBB scale) of rats with does-dependent reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation. It also reduces neuronal apoptosis in flow cytometry experiment. The study successfully demonstrated the possible clinical utility of BOL against SCI.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47885905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10038
Fengjuan Mou, Shuangzhi Li, Yun Peng, Yi-Guo Li
Clausena (Rutaceae) is only one genus native both to the Monsoon region and to tropical and subtropical Africa in the subfamily Aurantioideae. The most distinctive morphological character in this genus is the gynophore supporting the ovary and the morphology of pistil can help to define the natural groups of species. Based on the morphological data of flowers and molecular phylogeny of ITS, trnL-F and atpB-rbcL, the taxonomic problems of some species in China are resolved here. The species C. lenis has a separate status in the genus Clausena, then C. lansium stands apart from other species except C. lenis; the species status of five species, C. odorata, C. vestita, C. dunniana, C. emarginata, and C. anisum-olens are restated.
{"title":"Taxonomic notes on some species in the genus Clausena (Rutaceae) in China based on molecular and morphological data","authors":"Fengjuan Mou, Shuangzhi Li, Yun Peng, Yi-Guo Li","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Clausena (Rutaceae) is only one genus native both to the Monsoon region and to tropical and subtropical Africa in the subfamily Aurantioideae. The most distinctive morphological character in this genus is the gynophore supporting the ovary and the morphology of pistil can help to define the natural groups of species. Based on the morphological data of flowers and molecular phylogeny of ITS, trnL-F and atpB-rbcL, the taxonomic problems of some species in China are resolved here. The species C. lenis has a separate status in the genus Clausena, then C. lansium stands apart from other species except C. lenis; the species status of five species, C. odorata, C. vestita, C. dunniana, C. emarginata, and C. anisum-olens are restated.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45740042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10042
Firdose R. Kolar, Saadiqa M. Lingasur, Tejashvi M. Kumathalli, Shweta A. Gurikar
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a widely used fruit, which contains several interesting bioactive compounds and possess health-promoting properties. Seeing the importance of this fruit, it is crucial to study its quality characteristics. Hence, in the current study, we assessed phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of different plant parts (leaves, rind and arils) of two pomegranate cultivars (Kesar and Ganesh). The analysis of phytochemical constituents in the cultivars revealed that, the content of phenolics ranged from 49.3 to 602 mg TAE/g plant material and the content of flavonoids ranged from 0.27 to 18.8 mg RE/g plant material. The maximum amount of phenolics and flavonoids was observed in the rind extracts as compared to the leaves and arils in both the cultivars. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity determined by different antioxidant models exhibited various degrees of antioxidant activity in different plant parts of the cultivars and was found to be highest in rind and aril extracts than that of leaves. Among the solvents methanol and ethanol gave highest extraction yields as compared to water and acetone. Total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly different with methanol and ethanol being the most efficient solvent and acetone being the least efficient one. Correlation between the antioxidant activity and phenolics and flavonoid content was found to be significant. Thus the results strongly indicated that there were significant differences between pomegranate cultivars. Generally the cultivar Ganesh has higher antioxidant activity as well as total phenolics and flavonoid content in comparison to Kesar.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant activity of two Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars","authors":"Firdose R. Kolar, Saadiqa M. Lingasur, Tejashvi M. Kumathalli, Shweta A. Gurikar","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a widely used fruit, which contains several interesting bioactive compounds and possess health-promoting properties. Seeing the importance of this fruit, it is crucial to study its quality characteristics. Hence, in the current study, we assessed phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of different plant parts (leaves, rind and arils) of two pomegranate cultivars (Kesar and Ganesh). The analysis of phytochemical constituents in the cultivars revealed that, the content of phenolics ranged from 49.3 to 602 mg TAE/g plant material and the content of flavonoids ranged from 0.27 to 18.8 mg RE/g plant material. The maximum amount of phenolics and flavonoids was observed in the rind extracts as compared to the leaves and arils in both the cultivars. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity determined by different antioxidant models exhibited various degrees of antioxidant activity in different plant parts of the cultivars and was found to be highest in rind and aril extracts than that of leaves. Among the solvents methanol and ethanol gave highest extraction yields as compared to water and acetone. Total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly different with methanol and ethanol being the most efficient solvent and acetone being the least efficient one. Correlation between the antioxidant activity and phenolics and flavonoid content was found to be significant. Thus the results strongly indicated that there were significant differences between pomegranate cultivars. Generally the cultivar Ganesh has higher antioxidant activity as well as total phenolics and flavonoid content in comparison to Kesar.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48066769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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