Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10062
Aneesha Singh
Jatropha curcas is an important biodiesel plant as its seed contains 27–40% oil. The virus infection causes adverse effects on plant growth, and yield. The present study was carried out to develop plantlets from virus-infected plants using meristematic cultures. Cultures were also raised using nodal explant to figure out culture loss caused by the new strain of Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCuGV). Poor (48.3 ± 15.1 %) shoot bud induction was noted in virus-infected explants on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Severe culture loss was noted upon subsequent sub-cultures of nodal explants. Apical meristem (MC) developed the highest (86.3 ± 12.5 %) shoot bud induction on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ). Best results in shoot proliferation and elongation were achieved on 1.0 mg/L BAP, 1.5 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L Gibberellic acid (GA3) containing medium with 9.9 ± 1.7 number of shoot buds of 5.2 ± 0.5 cm shoot length. It was interesting to note that the rooting percentage was not affected by virus infection. Shoots obtained from virus-infected and meristem cultures rooted well without any significant difference in rooting percentage. It was known by the study that the generation of planting material from virus-infected plants was possible with meristem explants but recalcitrant with nodal explants.
{"title":"In vitro study of virus new strain JLCuGV infected nodal explants and production of planting material through meristem culture from virus-infected Jatropha curcas plants","authors":"Aneesha Singh","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Jatropha curcas is an important biodiesel plant as its seed contains 27–40% oil. The virus infection causes adverse effects on plant growth, and yield. The present study was carried out to develop plantlets from virus-infected plants using meristematic cultures. Cultures were also raised using nodal explant to figure out culture loss caused by the new strain of Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCuGV). Poor (48.3 ± 15.1 %) shoot bud induction was noted in virus-infected explants on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Severe culture loss was noted upon subsequent sub-cultures of nodal explants. Apical meristem (MC) developed the highest (86.3 ± 12.5 %) shoot bud induction on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ). Best results in shoot proliferation and elongation were achieved on 1.0 mg/L BAP, 1.5 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L Gibberellic acid (GA3) containing medium with 9.9 ± 1.7 number of shoot buds of 5.2 ± 0.5 cm shoot length. It was interesting to note that the rooting percentage was not affected by virus infection. Shoots obtained from virus-infected and meristem cultures rooted well without any significant difference in rooting percentage. It was known by the study that the generation of planting material from virus-infected plants was possible with meristem explants but recalcitrant with nodal explants.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46893952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10060
E. Clairvil, J. Martins, P. Braga, R. Cipriano, L. T. Conde, S. W. Moreira, Franciele Pereira Rossini, A. R. Falqueto, A. Gontijo
The use of plants that present clear physiological responses to heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) can assist in environmental monitoring. The aim was to evaluate physiological responses of Cd in Alternanthera tenella plants in micro-controlled conditions and to assess the its tolerance level and bioindicator potential. Nodal segments of A. tenella were grown in flasks containing semi-solid MS medium supplemented with (0, 50, 100, and 150 μM Cd). The total fresh and dry weight of the plants, in addition to physiological analyses, were determined after 30 days of cultivation. Plants submitted to Cd showed a reduction in biomass and photosynthetic pigments content. The decline in the Chl a/b ratio indicated the deleterious effects of Cd, as evidenced by the decrease in the density of active reaction centers (RC/CSM). The levels of deterioration in the functionality or structural integrity of the thylakoid membranes (WL) and the activity of the oxygen evolution complex (WK) increased as a function of Cd concentrations. The decreases in photochemical and non-photochemical quenching (qP and qN, respectively) observed in plants exposed to Cd indicated photochemical dysfunctions. Additionally, the increase in the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation (ΦNO) indicated the presence of photodamage. Plants had a low/intermediate TI level (≥21.7) in the analyzed concentration range. A. tenella plants can bioaccumulate high amounts of Cd. The level of physiological responses of A. tenella is dependent on the concentration of Cd, which makes the use of this species even more promising as a bioindicator for this metal.
{"title":"Modulation of physiological responses and tolerance of Alternanthera tenella Colla (Amaranthaceae) to cadmium during in vitro cultivation","authors":"E. Clairvil, J. Martins, P. Braga, R. Cipriano, L. T. Conde, S. W. Moreira, Franciele Pereira Rossini, A. R. Falqueto, A. Gontijo","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The use of plants that present clear physiological responses to heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) can assist in environmental monitoring. The aim was to evaluate physiological responses of Cd in Alternanthera tenella plants in micro-controlled conditions and to assess the its tolerance level and bioindicator potential. Nodal segments of A. tenella were grown in flasks containing semi-solid MS medium supplemented with (0, 50, 100, and 150 μM Cd). The total fresh and dry weight of the plants, in addition to physiological analyses, were determined after 30 days of cultivation. Plants submitted to Cd showed a reduction in biomass and photosynthetic pigments content. The decline in the Chl a/b ratio indicated the deleterious effects of Cd, as evidenced by the decrease in the density of active reaction centers (RC/CSM). The levels of deterioration in the functionality or structural integrity of the thylakoid membranes (WL) and the activity of the oxygen evolution complex (WK) increased as a function of Cd concentrations. The decreases in photochemical and non-photochemical quenching (qP and qN, respectively) observed in plants exposed to Cd indicated photochemical dysfunctions. Additionally, the increase in the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation (ΦNO) indicated the presence of photodamage. Plants had a low/intermediate TI level (≥21.7) in the analyzed concentration range. A. tenella plants can bioaccumulate high amounts of Cd. The level of physiological responses of A. tenella is dependent on the concentration of Cd, which makes the use of this species even more promising as a bioindicator for this metal.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48673141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10061
Akshay Mamgain
This study highlights the importance of flower color variation and attraction as a mechanism for pollination and protection of floral parts. As part of this study, a survey relating to flower color variation and differences in spotting pattern (nectar guides) was conducted on Rhododendron arboreum, a widespread tree species in the mountainous region of Uttarakhand state, at 43 different altitudinal locations. Seven original color morphs of flowers and five types of spot variation in the nectar guide were observed. The study underlines the role of flower color polymorphism in both pollination and adaptation to varied environmental conditions. Further, the significance of nectar guides in directing the visitor to the reward is discussed. This study has the potential to enhance existing knowledge about flower color variation and attraction to the environment.
{"title":"Altitudinal variation in flower color and attraction pattern of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. in central Himalayan Region of Uttarakhand, India","authors":"Akshay Mamgain","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10061","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study highlights the importance of flower color variation and attraction as a mechanism for pollination and protection of floral parts. As part of this study, a survey relating to flower color variation and differences in spotting pattern (nectar guides) was conducted on Rhododendron arboreum, a widespread tree species in the mountainous region of Uttarakhand state, at 43 different altitudinal locations. Seven original color morphs of flowers and five types of spot variation in the nectar guide were observed. The study underlines the role of flower color polymorphism in both pollination and adaptation to varied environmental conditions. Further, the significance of nectar guides in directing the visitor to the reward is discussed. This study has the potential to enhance existing knowledge about flower color variation and attraction to the environment.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45646826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10058
S. Mandloi, M. Tripathi, S. Tiwari, Niraj Tripathi
Groundnut is an important oilseed crops with high nutritional values. Yield of groundnut is constrained owing to diverse biotic and abiotic factors. Amongst biotic stresses two foremost foliar fungal diseases viz., late leaf spot and rust are universal and sparingly significant. Both conventional and modern breeding methods may be applied for improvement of groundnut. The current investigation was carried out to recognize genetic variability present among different groundnut germplasm with the use of morphological characters and SSR markers with the screening of resistant to leaf spot and rust resistant genotypes. In morphological examination, the analysis of variance divulged highly substantial differences among 48 germplasm lines. Initial screening of Germplasm was tried with the use of 125 SSR markers. But, based on banding pattern, 21 markers were found to be the best and selected for amplification of whole set of genotypes. Out of 21 markers, 16 were found to be highly polymorphic. Highest PIC value (0.8196) was detected for marker S021 representing 81% diversity. SSR Markers viz., PM42, PM204, PM377, S052, S076, S078 and S078 have PIC value more than 0.5, confirms their superiority in detection of polymorphism among studied germplasm lines. UPGMA analysis assemblage all the germplasm lines into three major clusters. Most of the foliar disease resistant genotypes were grouped together with higher genetic resemblance. Polymorphic markers identified in the study may be utilized further for molecular diversity analysis and the identified resistant genotypes may be employed further for the improvement of the crop.
{"title":"Genetic diversity analysis among late leaf spot and rust resistant and susceptible germplasm in groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)","authors":"S. Mandloi, M. Tripathi, S. Tiwari, Niraj Tripathi","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Groundnut is an important oilseed crops with high nutritional values. Yield of groundnut is constrained owing to diverse biotic and abiotic factors. Amongst biotic stresses two foremost foliar fungal diseases viz., late leaf spot and rust are universal and sparingly significant. Both conventional and modern breeding methods may be applied for improvement of groundnut. The current investigation was carried out to recognize genetic variability present among different groundnut germplasm with the use of morphological characters and SSR markers with the screening of resistant to leaf spot and rust resistant genotypes. In morphological examination, the analysis of variance divulged highly substantial differences among 48 germplasm lines. Initial screening of Germplasm was tried with the use of 125 SSR markers. But, based on banding pattern, 21 markers were found to be the best and selected for amplification of whole set of genotypes. Out of 21 markers, 16 were found to be highly polymorphic. Highest PIC value (0.8196) was detected for marker S021 representing 81% diversity. SSR Markers viz., PM42, PM204, PM377, S052, S076, S078 and S078 have PIC value more than 0.5, confirms their superiority in detection of polymorphism among studied germplasm lines. UPGMA analysis assemblage all the germplasm lines into three major clusters. Most of the foliar disease resistant genotypes were grouped together with higher genetic resemblance. Polymorphic markers identified in the study may be utilized further for molecular diversity analysis and the identified resistant genotypes may be employed further for the improvement of the crop.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42475324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10057
Y. Karagöz, A. Aslan, K. Yazıcı
Our field research in Van province during 2008–2009 resulted in collection of 3766 lichen samples from 55 sites, and identification of 229 lichen taxa, including two subspecies and three varieties, in 108 genera of Ascomycota. We found 182 new records for Van province. These include four new records for Turkey, namely Bibbya ruginosa, Buellia subalbula, Caloplaca tenuatula and Rimularia gibbosa. Lists of species and collection sites are provided. Acarospora (11 species), Lecidea (9 species), Verrucaria (8 species), Caloplaca, Physcia and Rinodina (7 species for each), and Aspicilia, Lecanora and Polyozosia (6 species for each) are the genera richest in species in the study area. Of the identified species, 163 are crustose, 43 are foliose, 7 are fruticose, 13 are squamulose and 3 are leprose. 101 species colonise on calcareous rocks, 86 on siliceous rocks, 23 on various trees (epiphytic), 10 on soil, 12 on moss and 17 on other lichens (lichenicolous). Sites 16, 19 are the richest with 55 identified taxa, followed by sites 52, 34, and 6 with 51, 49 and 44 taxa, respectively. The poorest sites are 40 and 42 with 6 identified taxa, followed by sites 5, 7, and 21 with 8, 8, and 9 taxa, respectively.
{"title":"Contributions to the Lichen flora of Turkey: New records from Eastern Anatolia (Van province)","authors":"Y. Karagöz, A. Aslan, K. Yazıcı","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Our field research in Van province during 2008–2009 resulted in collection of 3766 lichen samples from 55 sites, and identification of 229 lichen taxa, including two subspecies and three varieties, in 108 genera of Ascomycota. We found 182 new records for Van province. These include four new records for Turkey, namely Bibbya ruginosa, Buellia subalbula, Caloplaca tenuatula and Rimularia gibbosa. Lists of species and collection sites are provided. Acarospora (11 species), Lecidea (9 species), Verrucaria (8 species), Caloplaca, Physcia and Rinodina (7 species for each), and Aspicilia, Lecanora and Polyozosia (6 species for each) are the genera richest in species in the study area. Of the identified species, 163 are crustose, 43 are foliose, 7 are fruticose, 13 are squamulose and 3 are leprose. 101 species colonise on calcareous rocks, 86 on siliceous rocks, 23 on various trees (epiphytic), 10 on soil, 12 on moss and 17 on other lichens (lichenicolous). Sites 16, 19 are the richest with 55 identified taxa, followed by sites 52, 34, and 6 with 51, 49 and 44 taxa, respectively. The poorest sites are 40 and 42 with 6 identified taxa, followed by sites 5, 7, and 21 with 8, 8, and 9 taxa, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49289524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10055
Mankesh Kumar, K. Vaibhav, Anamika Chandra, Kumari Suvidha, Divya Mahto, Satyendra, S. P. Singh, P. K. Singh, S. Sinha
‘Katarni Rice’ is a fine quality scented rice landrace of Bihar, India and has tremendous export potential and commercial value. This is a preferred rice in the state due to its flavour, palatability and popcorn like essence before and after cooking. But its area has been shrunken drastically in recent years due to its low yielding (25–30 Q/ha) ability caused due tall and week stature and lodging tendency at maturity. To overcome this problem, marker assisted introgression of semi-dwarfing (sd1) gene from semi-dwarf and high yielding rice varieties Rajendra Sweta and BPT5204 was attempted. Parental polymorphism was obtained through 109 SSR markers. The gene specific markers for fragrance and semi-dwarfing genes were used in the segregants to track their transfer. Recombinant selection was done for the donor genome segments flanking to the target gene i.e., sd1 followed by background selection through genome wide polymorphic SSR markers. More than 90% recurrent parent genome recovery was observed and the selected plants showed a reduction of plant height and flowering time in comparison to Katarni in the successive backcross generation along with the retention of aroma. The identified lines can be evaluated further in multilocation trials to release it as a sustainable high yielding aromatic genotype.
{"title":"Marker assisted introgression of semi-dwarfing (sd1) gene in Katarni rice (Oryza sativa L.) landrace","authors":"Mankesh Kumar, K. Vaibhav, Anamika Chandra, Kumari Suvidha, Divya Mahto, Satyendra, S. P. Singh, P. K. Singh, S. Sinha","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000‘Katarni Rice’ is a fine quality scented rice landrace of Bihar, India and has tremendous export potential and commercial value. This is a preferred rice in the state due to its flavour, palatability and popcorn like essence before and after cooking. But its area has been shrunken drastically in recent years due to its low yielding (25–30 Q/ha) ability caused due tall and week stature and lodging tendency at maturity. To overcome this problem, marker assisted introgression of semi-dwarfing (sd1) gene from semi-dwarf and high yielding rice varieties Rajendra Sweta and BPT5204 was attempted. Parental polymorphism was obtained through 109 SSR markers. The gene specific markers for fragrance and semi-dwarfing genes were used in the segregants to track their transfer. Recombinant selection was done for the donor genome segments flanking to the target gene i.e., sd1 followed by background selection through genome wide polymorphic SSR markers. More than 90% recurrent parent genome recovery was observed and the selected plants showed a reduction of plant height and flowering time in comparison to Katarni in the successive backcross generation along with the retention of aroma. The identified lines can be evaluated further in multilocation trials to release it as a sustainable high yielding aromatic genotype.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43810578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10056
Xu Han, W. Ge, Zhikun Wang, Jinteng Cui, Kezhong Zhang
Acer rubrum L., a widely used ornamental colored-leaf tree species, has great utility in both residential and urban landscaping. However, unsuitable environmental conditions tend to reduce the intensity of color change, greatly reducing the ornamental value of this species. Here, we investigated the discoloration of A. rubrum leaves from red to green during maturation. We first quantified leaf-color change in the L*, a*, b* color space, and found the most noticeable difference in the a* value, which changed from positive (more red) to negative (more green). In green leaves, photosynthetic pigment content was four-fold greater than that in red leaves, and anthocyanin content was significantly lowed (a 78.33% decrease). Consistent with this, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as non-photochemical quenching, were significantly higher in red leaves. The activity levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), an initial enzyme in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, were significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. In contrast, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activity was not correlated with any with other indicators. Transcriptome sequencing identified 2,161 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the red leaves and the green leaves (1,253 upregulated). Some of these DEGs (e.g., 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), flavonol synthase (FLS), chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H)) encoded important enzymes in the anthocyanin metabolic pathway, while others (e.g., MYB111 (EZV62_000212), MYB12 (EZV62_010323), and bHLH3 (EZV62_023045)) regulated anthocyanin accumulation. Our results have led to a clearer understanding of the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying leaf-color change in A. rubrum, and provide a basis from which to improve the ornamental properties of colored-leaf tree species.
{"title":"Physiological characteristics and gene regulation mechanism of juvenile leaves of Acer rubrum L. during leaf color transformation in spring","authors":"Xu Han, W. Ge, Zhikun Wang, Jinteng Cui, Kezhong Zhang","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10056","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Acer rubrum L., a widely used ornamental colored-leaf tree species, has great utility in both residential and urban landscaping. However, unsuitable environmental conditions tend to reduce the intensity of color change, greatly reducing the ornamental value of this species. Here, we investigated the discoloration of A. rubrum leaves from red to green during maturation. We first quantified leaf-color change in the L*, a*, b* color space, and found the most noticeable difference in the a* value, which changed from positive (more red) to negative (more green). In green leaves, photosynthetic pigment content was four-fold greater than that in red leaves, and anthocyanin content was significantly lowed (a 78.33% decrease). Consistent with this, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as non-photochemical quenching, were significantly higher in red leaves. The activity levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), an initial enzyme in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, were significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. In contrast, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activity was not correlated with any with other indicators. Transcriptome sequencing identified 2,161 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the red leaves and the green leaves (1,253 upregulated). Some of these DEGs (e.g., 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), flavonol synthase (FLS), chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H)) encoded important enzymes in the anthocyanin metabolic pathway, while others (e.g., MYB111 (EZV62_000212), MYB12 (EZV62_010323), and bHLH3 (EZV62_023045)) regulated anthocyanin accumulation. Our results have led to a clearer understanding of the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying leaf-color change in A. rubrum, and provide a basis from which to improve the ornamental properties of colored-leaf tree species.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46058467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10054
J. Martins, Priscila da Conceição de Souza Braga, Franciele Pereira Rossini, L. T. Conde, R. Cipriano, A. R. Falqueto, A. Gontijo
During in vitro multiplication of horticulture plant species, synthetic cytokinins such as 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) can affect the microshoot formation. Murashige and Skoog culture medium (MS) can also act as a morphogenetic response modulator. The aim was to analyze the effects of BA and a gradient of MS salts on the morphophysiological status of Billbergia zebrina microshoots. Plantlets were cultured with a gradient of MS salts (50%, 100%, 150%, or 200%) supplemented with two BA levels (0 or 13 μM). After 50 days of culture, stomatal parameters, contents of photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll fluorescence were assessed. Plantlets cultured in all media without BA presented a low budding rate. In contrast, plantlets cultured with BA showed 100% budding. With 13 μM BA, the leaves presented bigger stomata and wider opening. Plantlets cultured with BA had lower contents of photosynthetic pigments. MS treatments without BA supplementation did not show any change in the pigments’ ratios. Plantlets cultured with BA had lower activity of the water-splitting complex and signs of photoinhibition damage. This resulted in the reduced performance of the photosynthetic apparatus. BA exposure can ensure the inducement of adventitious microshoots. BA at the tested concentration can induce morphophysiological disorders, irrespective of MS salt concentration.
{"title":"In vitro clonal propagation of Billbergia zebrina (Bromeliaceae) and analysis of anatomy and physiology of regenerated plantlets","authors":"J. Martins, Priscila da Conceição de Souza Braga, Franciele Pereira Rossini, L. T. Conde, R. Cipriano, A. R. Falqueto, A. Gontijo","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During in vitro multiplication of horticulture plant species, synthetic cytokinins such as 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) can affect the microshoot formation. Murashige and Skoog culture medium (MS) can also act as a morphogenetic response modulator. The aim was to analyze the effects of BA and a gradient of MS salts on the morphophysiological status of Billbergia zebrina microshoots. Plantlets were cultured with a gradient of MS salts (50%, 100%, 150%, or 200%) supplemented with two BA levels (0 or 13 μM). After 50 days of culture, stomatal parameters, contents of photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll fluorescence were assessed. Plantlets cultured in all media without BA presented a low budding rate. In contrast, plantlets cultured with BA showed 100% budding. With 13 μM BA, the leaves presented bigger stomata and wider opening. Plantlets cultured with BA had lower contents of photosynthetic pigments. MS treatments without BA supplementation did not show any change in the pigments’ ratios. Plantlets cultured with BA had lower activity of the water-splitting complex and signs of photoinhibition damage. This resulted in the reduced performance of the photosynthetic apparatus. BA exposure can ensure the inducement of adventitious microshoots. BA at the tested concentration can induce morphophysiological disorders, irrespective of MS salt concentration.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47980722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10053
S. Sajana, P. Thomas, P. Nandeesha, R. M. Kurian, H. Bindu
Somatic embryogenesis mediated micropropagation from nucellus tissue was attempted in polyembryonic mango at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during 2016–2019. Studies were conducted to optimize the different stages of somatic embryogenesis namely induction, proliferation, conversion, maturation, germination of somatic embryos and ex vitro establishment of plantlets using nucellus tissue. For culture initiation, various developmental stages of fruits ranging from less than 20 days post-pollination to more than 60 days-post pollination of cultivars Vellaikolumban and Olour were utilized. Fruits of 30–40 days post-pollination in Vellaikolumban and 40–50 days post-pollination in Olour gave better percentage callusing with fewer days for callus initiation and callus formation. Embryonic calli developed on induction medium containing Rugini olive (RO) constituents, 6% sucrose, and 5 ppm each of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and Giberellic acid (GA3). Upon shifting to proliferation medium (RO with 6% sucrose, 5 ppm each of 2, 4-D and GA3, 400 mgL-1of glutamine and 20% v/v coconut water) pro-globular and globular embryos were formed within 4–5 weeks. Further development of somatic embryos through early heart, late heart and cotyledonary stages occurred in conversion medium (half strength B5 salts, full RO organics, 5 ppm of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), 20% coconut water and 200 mgL-1 of casein hydrolysate). Maturation of embryos was obtained by using 0.01 mg L-1of Abscisic acid (ABA) and 100 mg L-1of Polyethylene glycol (PEG). Germination of embryos with shoot and root initiation was observed in the presence of 5 ppm of zeatin. Our results show that somatic embryogenesis can be used as an alternative method to conventional propagation methods for rapid multiplication of uniform planting material in polyembryonic mango cultivars.
{"title":"Somatic embryogenesis mediated micropropagation of polyembryonic cultivars of mango Vellaikolumban and Olour using nucellus tissue","authors":"S. Sajana, P. Thomas, P. Nandeesha, R. M. Kurian, H. Bindu","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Somatic embryogenesis mediated micropropagation from nucellus tissue was attempted in polyembryonic mango at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during 2016–2019. Studies were conducted to optimize the different stages of somatic embryogenesis namely induction, proliferation, conversion, maturation, germination of somatic embryos and ex vitro establishment of plantlets using nucellus tissue. For culture initiation, various developmental stages of fruits ranging from less than 20 days post-pollination to more than 60 days-post pollination of cultivars Vellaikolumban and Olour were utilized. Fruits of 30–40 days post-pollination in Vellaikolumban and 40–50 days post-pollination in Olour gave better percentage callusing with fewer days for callus initiation and callus formation. Embryonic calli developed on induction medium containing Rugini olive (RO) constituents, 6% sucrose, and 5 ppm each of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and Giberellic acid (GA3). Upon shifting to proliferation medium (RO with 6% sucrose, 5 ppm each of 2, 4-D and GA3, 400 mgL-1of glutamine and 20% v/v coconut water) pro-globular and globular embryos were formed within 4–5 weeks. Further development of somatic embryos through early heart, late heart and cotyledonary stages occurred in conversion medium (half strength B5 salts, full RO organics, 5 ppm of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), 20% coconut water and 200 mgL-1 of casein hydrolysate). Maturation of embryos was obtained by using 0.01 mg L-1of Abscisic acid (ABA) and 100 mg L-1of Polyethylene glycol (PEG). Germination of embryos with shoot and root initiation was observed in the presence of 5 ppm of zeatin. Our results show that somatic embryogenesis can be used as an alternative method to conventional propagation methods for rapid multiplication of uniform planting material in polyembryonic mango cultivars.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42383977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10052
G. Gayatri, K. G. Ajith Kumar, P. S. Nair, G. Ajay Kumar, K. Baiju
Vateria indica L. is an endemic arborescent recalcitrant tree species, native to the South-Western-Ghats of India. The natural regeneration process of the species is hindered by many factors including seed recalcitrance. Recently the species has been categorised as vulnerable since the population is fragmented and rapidly declining. Seed development is a highly complicated process which involves the interaction between phytohormones which regulate the process at different stages of morphogenesis. The orthodox seed development is marked by three distinct stages such as histodifferentiation, reserve accumulation and drying but in recalcitrant seeds, drying phase is absent. Recalcitrant seeds show marked differences from orthodox seeds in development. The onset of different stages is marked by a definite peaking and lowering of phytohormones and the hormonal pattern varies in orthodox and recalcitrant seeds. The present study was conducted to understand the interplay of phytohormones during embryogeny and the following natural embryo desiccation in the recalcitrant seeds of Vateria indica L. The present study revealed that the embryogeny and embryo drying in the recalcitrant seeds of Vateria indica L. shows a striking dissimilarity with the characteristic pattern of hormonal flux in orthodox seeds.
{"title":"Phytohormone dynamics during embryogeny and embryo desiccation in the recalcitrant seeds of Vateria indica L.","authors":"G. Gayatri, K. G. Ajith Kumar, P. S. Nair, G. Ajay Kumar, K. Baiju","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Vateria indica L. is an endemic arborescent recalcitrant tree species, native to the South-Western-Ghats of India. The natural regeneration process of the species is hindered by many factors including seed recalcitrance. Recently the species has been categorised as vulnerable since the population is fragmented and rapidly declining. Seed development is a highly complicated process which involves the interaction between phytohormones which regulate the process at different stages of morphogenesis. The orthodox seed development is marked by three distinct stages such as histodifferentiation, reserve accumulation and drying but in recalcitrant seeds, drying phase is absent. Recalcitrant seeds show marked differences from orthodox seeds in development. The onset of different stages is marked by a definite peaking and lowering of phytohormones and the hormonal pattern varies in orthodox and recalcitrant seeds. The present study was conducted to understand the interplay of phytohormones during embryogeny and the following natural embryo desiccation in the recalcitrant seeds of Vateria indica L. The present study revealed that the embryogeny and embryo drying in the recalcitrant seeds of Vateria indica L. shows a striking dissimilarity with the characteristic pattern of hormonal flux in orthodox seeds.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43536559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：