Pub Date : 2020-02-25DOI: 10.1163/22238980-20191113
J. Vielba, N. Vidal, A. Ricci, R. Castro, Purificación Covelo, M. C. San-José, C. Sánchez
The present study investigated how auxin concentration and the method of application affected the formation of adventitious roots in microshoots of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and oak (Quercus robur). The activity of two urea derivatives (2, 3-MDPU and 3, 4-MDPU) was also evaluated. Microshoots were derived from basal sprouts of two mature chestnut trees (P1 and P2) and one adult oak genotype (Sainza). In chestnut, rooting percentage was positively affected by auxin in a dose -dependent manner, particularly in shoots treated with the hormone for 24 h. The effect of auxin on rooting also differed depending on the application method. In shoots treated for 24 h, the highest concentration of auxin produced the healthiest rooted plantlets, in terms of the root system and shoot quality. By contrast, in shoots treated by the basal quick-dip method, the shoot quality was best at the lowest auxin concentration. The effect of urea derivatives on the root system depended on the species as well as on the auxin concentration and application period. Use of the MDPUs improved the root system architecture of auxintreated shoots by promoting lateral root development and triggering the synchronous initiation of root primordia at the base of the shoot. Shoot quality was also improved by MDPUs, which promoted resumption of growth and reduced shoot-tip necrosis.
{"title":"Effects of auxin and urea derivatives on adventitious rooting in chestnut and oak microshoots","authors":"J. Vielba, N. Vidal, A. Ricci, R. Castro, Purificación Covelo, M. C. San-José, C. Sánchez","doi":"10.1163/22238980-20191113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-20191113","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated how auxin concentration and the method of application affected the formation of adventitious roots in microshoots of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and oak (Quercus robur). The activity of two urea derivatives (2, 3-MDPU and 3, 4-MDPU) was also evaluated. Microshoots were derived from basal sprouts of two mature chestnut trees (P1 and P2) and one adult oak genotype (Sainza). In chestnut, rooting percentage was positively affected by auxin in a dose -dependent manner, particularly in shoots treated with the hormone for 24 h. The effect of auxin on rooting also differed depending on the application method. In shoots treated for 24 h, the highest concentration of auxin produced the healthiest rooted plantlets, in terms of the root system and shoot quality. By contrast, in shoots treated by the basal quick-dip method, the shoot quality was best at the lowest auxin concentration. The effect of urea derivatives on the root system depended on the species as well as on the auxin concentration and application period. Use of the MDPUs improved the root system architecture of auxintreated shoots by promoting lateral root development and triggering the synchronous initiation of root primordia at the base of the shoot. Shoot quality was also improved by MDPUs, which promoted resumption of growth and reduced shoot-tip necrosis.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22238980-20191113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42616126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-25DOI: 10.1163/22238980-20191108
Chen Lin, M. Sauter
Drought and flooding are environmental extremes and major threats to crop production. Water uptake is achieved by plant roots which have to explore new soil spaces to alleviate water deficit during drought or to cope with water excess during flooding. Adaptation of the root system architecture helps plants cope with such extreme conditions and is crucial for plant health and survival. While for dicot plants the well studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has provided insight into the genetic and molecular regulation of the root system, less information is available for monocot species, which include the agronomically important cereal crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a semi-aquatic monocot plant that develops strong tolerance to flooding. Flooding tolerance of rice is closely linked to its adaptive root system. The functional root system of rice is mainly composed of crown roots and is shifted to nodal adventitious roots during flooding which allows rice to maintain oxygen supply to the roots and to survive longer periods of partial submergence as compared with other crops. Likewise, a number of drought-tolerance traits of rice are the result of an altered root system architecture. Hence, the structure of the root system adapts to, both, flooding and drought. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control root system adaptation to extreme environments is a key task for scientists to accelerate the breeding efforts for stress-tolerant crops. This review summarizes recently identified genes and molecular mechanisms that regulate root system architecture in rice in response to drought and flooding.
{"title":"Control of root system architecture by phytohormones and environmental signals in rice","authors":"Chen Lin, M. Sauter","doi":"10.1163/22238980-20191108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-20191108","url":null,"abstract":"Drought and flooding are environmental extremes and major threats to crop production. Water uptake is achieved by plant roots which have to explore new soil spaces to alleviate water deficit during drought or to cope with water excess during flooding. Adaptation of the root system architecture helps plants cope with such extreme conditions and is crucial for plant health and survival. While for dicot plants the well studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has provided insight into the genetic and molecular regulation of the root system, less information is available for monocot species, which include the agronomically important cereal crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a semi-aquatic monocot plant that develops strong tolerance to flooding. Flooding tolerance of rice is closely linked to its adaptive root system. The functional root system of rice is mainly composed of crown roots and is shifted to nodal adventitious roots during flooding which allows rice to maintain oxygen supply to the roots and to survive longer periods of partial submergence as compared with other crops. Likewise, a number of drought-tolerance traits of rice are the result of an altered root system architecture. Hence, the structure of the root system adapts to, both, flooding and drought. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control root system adaptation to extreme environments is a key task for scientists to accelerate the breeding efforts for stress-tolerant crops. This review summarizes recently identified genes and molecular mechanisms that regulate root system architecture in rice in response to drought and flooding.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22238980-20191108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42438118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-25DOI: 10.1163/22238980-20190002
S. Philosoph-Hadas
{"title":"Dedication to Professor Joseph Riov","authors":"S. Philosoph-Hadas","doi":"10.1163/22238980-20190002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-20190002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22238980-20190002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42099713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-25DOI: 10.1163/22238980-20191115
Zvi Duman, Avi Eliyahu, M. Abu-Abied, E. Sadot
Lateral organs are formed in plants by post embryonic developmental programs. Leaves, and flowers differentiate from the shoot apical meristem and lateral roots from the primary root pericycle meristem. Adventitious roots are roots formed from non-root lateral meristematic tissues, mostly the cambium, in many cases in response to stress signals. The ability of plants to regenerate adventitious roots is fundamental for selection and breading programs which are based on vegetative propagation of elite clones. Thus, recalcitrant plants, losing their rooting capability, may form a genuine commercial barrier in agricultural and forestry improvement programs. Some cellular mechanisms underlying adventitious root formation have been revealed, but much is yet to be clarified. The plant primary cell wall is a dynamic organ that can change its form, and perceive and relay molecular signals inward and outward during certain stages of development in particular cells. Therefore, before the secondary cell wall is deposited and plants become the wood from which walls and furniture are built, and the fibers from which cloths are woven, primary cell walls actively participate in plant cell differentiation and developmental programs. While auxin is a major regulator, cell walls are important in regulating coherent formative cell division and synchronized polar elongation of cell lineages that are necessary for lateral organ induction and formation, and collaborative cell functioning. Nevertheless, little is known of how cell wall changes are molecularly sensed and translated to intracellular signals during differentiation of adventitious roots. Here we summarize recent data linking, directly or indirectly, cell wall events to auxin signaling and to lateral or adventitious root induction and formation.
{"title":"The contribution of cell wall remodeling and signaling to lateral organs formation","authors":"Zvi Duman, Avi Eliyahu, M. Abu-Abied, E. Sadot","doi":"10.1163/22238980-20191115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-20191115","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral organs are formed in plants by post embryonic developmental programs. Leaves, and flowers differentiate from the shoot apical meristem and lateral roots from the primary root pericycle meristem. Adventitious roots are roots formed from non-root lateral meristematic tissues, mostly the cambium, in many cases in response to stress signals. The ability of plants to regenerate adventitious roots is fundamental for selection and breading programs which are based on vegetative propagation of elite clones. Thus, recalcitrant plants, losing their rooting capability, may form a genuine commercial barrier in agricultural and forestry improvement programs. Some cellular mechanisms underlying adventitious root formation have been revealed, but much is yet to be clarified. The plant primary cell wall is a dynamic organ that can change its form, and perceive and relay molecular signals inward and outward during certain stages of development in particular cells. Therefore, before the secondary cell wall is deposited and plants become the wood from which walls and furniture are built, and the fibers from which cloths are woven, primary cell walls actively participate in plant cell differentiation and developmental programs. While auxin is a major regulator, cell walls are important in regulating coherent formative cell division and synchronized polar elongation of cell lineages that are necessary for lateral organ induction and formation, and collaborative cell functioning. Nevertheless, little is known of how cell wall changes are molecularly sensed and translated to intracellular signals during differentiation of adventitious roots. Here we summarize recent data linking, directly or indirectly, cell wall events to auxin signaling and to lateral or adventitious root induction and formation.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22238980-20191115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42834536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-25DOI: 10.1163/22238980-20190001
E. Sadot
Unlike most animals, plants have the ability to regenerate new organs which is not part of their original developmental program. This ability underlies the phenomenon of adventitious root formation in which non-root cells change their fate and coordinately form a functional root. The precise signals required for the successful formation of an adventitious root are not entirely clear and probably consist of a repertoire of signals that differ from plant to plant. Thus, mature/ juvenile, woody/herbaceous, and phenolic and aromatic compound-rich /poor plants are probably using a slightly different repertoire of signaling molecules to create the rooting permissive conditions. In some cases, there is a huge clone-to-clone difference in rooting capability which probably results from genetic heterogeneity within individuals of the same species. Accordingly, rooting conditions should be adjusted to meet the requirements of each situation, especially in the case of rooting-recalcitrant ones. Thus, obtaining adventitious root formation from various plants might require precise and individualized protocols. Rooting efficiency is strongly affected by several parameters: (1) the physiological status and well-being of the mother plant – season, age, proper nutrition, shading or etiolation, and pruning regime are very important; (2) the cutting itself – herbaceous or woody, apical or subapical, dormant or growing, the thickness and length of the stem and the number of leaves all play a role; (3) the rooting conditions – bedding composition, temperature of the rooting table and air inside the greenhouse, humidity, and light intensity; (4) the auxin treatment – concentration, type of auxin (IBA or other synthetic auxins), mode of application (submergence of the cutting base or foliar spray), and length of the treatment. Adventitious roots can also be induced under tissueculture conditions, or in hydroponic systems, where conditions can be tightly controlled throughout the process. The molecular mechanisms underlying adventitious root formation, or the barriers that block adventitious root formation in recalcitrant plants, are slowly being revealed, by the scientific community, but much has yet to be discovered. The current special issue, dedicated to adventitious root formation, provides an overview of recent findings and insights. Adventitious root formation – from the laboratory to the greenhouse
{"title":"Adventitious root formation – from the laboratory to the greenhouse","authors":"E. Sadot","doi":"10.1163/22238980-20190001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-20190001","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike most animals, plants have the ability to regenerate new organs which is not part of their original developmental program. This ability underlies the phenomenon of adventitious root formation in which non-root cells change their fate and coordinately form a functional root. The precise signals required for the successful formation of an adventitious root are not entirely clear and probably consist of a repertoire of signals that differ from plant to plant. Thus, mature/ juvenile, woody/herbaceous, and phenolic and aromatic compound-rich /poor plants are probably using a slightly different repertoire of signaling molecules to create the rooting permissive conditions. In some cases, there is a huge clone-to-clone difference in rooting capability which probably results from genetic heterogeneity within individuals of the same species. Accordingly, rooting conditions should be adjusted to meet the requirements of each situation, especially in the case of rooting-recalcitrant ones. Thus, obtaining adventitious root formation from various plants might require precise and individualized protocols. Rooting efficiency is strongly affected by several parameters: (1) the physiological status and well-being of the mother plant – season, age, proper nutrition, shading or etiolation, and pruning regime are very important; (2) the cutting itself – herbaceous or woody, apical or subapical, dormant or growing, the thickness and length of the stem and the number of leaves all play a role; (3) the rooting conditions – bedding composition, temperature of the rooting table and air inside the greenhouse, humidity, and light intensity; (4) the auxin treatment – concentration, type of auxin (IBA or other synthetic auxins), mode of application (submergence of the cutting base or foliar spray), and length of the treatment. Adventitious roots can also be induced under tissueculture conditions, or in hydroponic systems, where conditions can be tightly controlled throughout the process. The molecular mechanisms underlying adventitious root formation, or the barriers that block adventitious root formation in recalcitrant plants, are slowly being revealed, by the scientific community, but much has yet to be discovered. The current special issue, dedicated to adventitious root formation, provides an overview of recent findings and insights. Adventitious root formation – from the laboratory to the greenhouse","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47270837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-25DOI: 10.1163/22238980-20191118
J. Riov, Hagar Fox, Rotem Attias, Galina Shklar, Lilach Farkash-Haim, Robert P Sitbon, Y. Moshe, M. Abu-Abied, E. Sadot, R. David‐Schwartz
Forest trees possess high genetic diversity and high heterozygosity which allow adaptation to changing environmental conditions. There is a tendency to propagate successful and unique genotypes, which are identified at their mature stage in the forests, for future improvement programs and conservation purposes. However, vegetative propagation of mature forest trees is still a challenge in many conifers. In this study, we focused on improving the rooting of cuttings of mature and old Pinus halepensis and its hybrids. We observed that storage of cuttings before rooting at 4°C for 4 weeks and prolong immersion of cuttings in a solution containing 400 mg/l of indole-3-butyric acid, 5 mg/l of the auxin conjugate 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid-glycine methyl ester, and 0.01% of Amistar fungicide significantly improved rooting of mature cuttings. The active ingredient in Amistar is azoxystrobin, an uncoupler of respiration, which seems to directly promote rooting. Rooted cuttings of selected clones demonstrated unique and uniform growth performance, most likely delivering the intrinsic growth parameters of the mother trees. It was also observed that trees growing under drought stress possess improved rooting ability. By using rooted cuttings, it will be possible to study the relationship between growth rate and adaptation to semi-arid climate conditions. The ability to clonal propagate mature and old P. halepensis trees not only enables vegetative propagation of elite trees for improvement programs, but also provides an opportunity to preserve unique naturally occurring old P. halepensis genotypes.
{"title":"Improved method for vegetative propagation of mature Pinus halepensis and its hybrids by cuttings","authors":"J. Riov, Hagar Fox, Rotem Attias, Galina Shklar, Lilach Farkash-Haim, Robert P Sitbon, Y. Moshe, M. Abu-Abied, E. Sadot, R. David‐Schwartz","doi":"10.1163/22238980-20191118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-20191118","url":null,"abstract":"Forest trees possess high genetic diversity and high heterozygosity which allow adaptation to changing environmental conditions. There is a tendency to propagate successful and unique genotypes, which are identified at their mature stage in the forests, for future improvement programs and conservation purposes. However, vegetative propagation of mature forest trees is still a challenge in many conifers. In this study, we focused on improving the rooting of cuttings of mature and old Pinus halepensis and its hybrids. We observed that storage of cuttings before rooting at 4°C for 4 weeks and prolong immersion of cuttings in a solution containing 400 mg/l of indole-3-butyric acid, 5 mg/l of the auxin conjugate 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid-glycine methyl ester, and 0.01% of Amistar fungicide significantly improved rooting of mature cuttings. The active ingredient in Amistar is azoxystrobin, an uncoupler of respiration, which seems to directly promote rooting. Rooted cuttings of selected clones demonstrated unique and uniform growth performance, most likely delivering the intrinsic growth parameters of the mother trees. It was also observed that trees growing under drought stress possess improved rooting ability. By using rooted cuttings, it will be possible to study the relationship between growth rate and adaptation to semi-arid climate conditions. The ability to clonal propagate mature and old P. halepensis trees not only enables vegetative propagation of elite trees for improvement programs, but also provides an opportunity to preserve unique naturally occurring old P. halepensis genotypes.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22238980-20191118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44866083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1163/22238980-BJA10016
Ivna Dragojević Müller, B. Tariba, D. V. Čepo, L. Vujić, M. Ruščić, S. Bolarić, D. Kremer
The pods, seeds and leaves of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, and especially in the food industry. In this study, the mineral content was investigated in carob pods and leaves in twelve Croatian carob populations. Macro and microelement contents, as highly important nutrients, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Total ash content, determined by the gravimetric method, ranged from 2.30 to 2.97% in pods and from 4.95 to 7.90% in leaves. Among the macroelements, K content was highest in pods (9,020.09–11,208.97 mg/kg), while Ca was highest in leaves (11,059.67–22,756.81 mg/kg). Microelement contents ranged from 0.00 mg/kg (Cr) to 136.70 mg/kg (Na) in pods, and from 0.02 mg/kg (Cr) to 243.55 mg/kg (Na) in leaves. The results of the macro and microelement analyses were evaluated using multivariate analysis (PCA and UPGMA).
{"title":"Variability of macro and microelement content in pods and leaves of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in Croatia","authors":"Ivna Dragojević Müller, B. Tariba, D. V. Čepo, L. Vujić, M. Ruščić, S. Bolarić, D. Kremer","doi":"10.1163/22238980-BJA10016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-BJA10016","url":null,"abstract":"The pods, seeds and leaves of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, and especially in the food industry. In this study, the mineral content was investigated in carob pods and leaves in twelve Croatian carob populations. Macro and microelement contents, as highly important nutrients, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Total ash content, determined by the gravimetric method, ranged from 2.30 to 2.97% in pods and from 4.95 to 7.90% in leaves. Among the macroelements, K content was highest in pods (9,020.09–11,208.97 mg/kg), while Ca was highest in leaves (11,059.67–22,756.81 mg/kg). Microelement contents ranged from 0.00 mg/kg (Cr) to 136.70 mg/kg (Na) in pods, and from 0.02 mg/kg (Cr) to 243.55 mg/kg (Na) in leaves. The results of the macro and microelement analyses were evaluated using multivariate analysis (PCA and UPGMA).","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64589623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-27DOI: 10.1163/22238980-00001049
Nili Anglister, Y. Yom-Tov, U. Motro
The Mediterranean coastal dune habitat of Israel is diminishing rapidly, mostly due to massive urbanization, changes in habitat characteristics caused by dune stabilization and the presence of Acacia saligna, an invasive species brought to Israel for the purpose of dune stabilization. In this study we document the effect of sand stabilization on the composition of small mammal communities in the Ashdod-Nizzanim sands, Israel. We analyzed differences in species diversity and abundance for species of rodents in four types of habitat: unstable (mobile) sand dune, semi-stabilized dune, inter-dune depression and a plot of the invasive Acacia saligna. Rodent communities were found to undergo gradual changes concurrently with the stabilization of the sands. The mobile dune was the only habitat in which the strict psammophiles Jaculus jaculus and Gerbillus pyramidum were captured in abundance. No species commensal with human were captured neither in the mobile nor in the semi-stabilized dunes. However, in the inter-dune depression there was quite a large representation of Mus musculus, a rodent commensal with humans. The Acacia saligna plot had the lowest number of captures and the lowest rodent biomass calculated, with Mus musculus composing nearly half of the captures. The results of this study demonstrate that stabilization of the sands in Ashdod-Nizzanim area is associated with the disappearance of psammophile rodents and the appearance of species commensal with humans. In order to preserve the habitat for psammophile rodents, measures should be taken to halt the spread of acacia and the continuing stabilization of the sands.
{"title":"The impact of Acacia saligna and the loss of mobile dunes on rodent populations: a case study in the Ashdod-Nizzanim sands in Israel","authors":"Nili Anglister, Y. Yom-Tov, U. Motro","doi":"10.1163/22238980-00001049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-00001049","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean coastal dune habitat of Israel is diminishing rapidly, mostly due to massive urbanization, changes in habitat characteristics caused by dune stabilization and the presence of Acacia saligna, an invasive species brought to Israel for the purpose of dune stabilization. In this study we document the effect of sand stabilization on the composition of small mammal communities in the Ashdod-Nizzanim sands, Israel. We analyzed differences in species diversity and abundance for species of rodents in four types of habitat: unstable (mobile) sand dune, semi-stabilized dune, inter-dune depression and a plot of the invasive Acacia saligna. Rodent communities were found to undergo gradual changes concurrently with the stabilization of the sands. The mobile dune was the only habitat in which the strict psammophiles Jaculus jaculus and Gerbillus pyramidum were captured in abundance. No species commensal with human were captured neither in the mobile nor in the semi-stabilized dunes. However, in the inter-dune depression there was quite a large representation of Mus musculus, a rodent commensal with humans. The Acacia saligna plot had the lowest number of captures and the lowest rodent biomass calculated, with Mus musculus composing nearly half of the captures. The results of this study demonstrate that stabilization of the sands in Ashdod-Nizzanim area is associated with the disappearance of psammophile rodents and the appearance of species commensal with humans. In order to preserve the habitat for psammophile rodents, measures should be taken to halt the spread of acacia and the continuing stabilization of the sands.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22238980-00001049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49463355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-27DOI: 10.1163/22238980-20191051
J. Panigrahi, S. Gantait, I. Patel
The present study formulates a method for comprehensive production of vasicinone, a quinazoline alkaloid, from multiple plant parts of in vitro and in-field-grown Justicia beddomei. HPTLC analysis of plant parts was executed with methanolic extract using toluene: butanol: butyl acetate (9:0.5:0.5; v/v/v) as the solvent system. Validation of methodology was accomplished using TLC plates (silica gel 60 F254-pre-coated aluminium sheet) following the ICH manual to maintain accuracy, precision and repeatability with a linearity ranging 2–6 μg/spot. Validation data offers precision to the methodology adapted in the present study (LOD 1 μg/spot and LOQ 3 μg/spot). It was evident that in vitro samples produced relatively higher levels of vasicinone than that of their in-field counterparts. The highest vasicinone (2.07±0.025% of dry weight) production was quantified from in vitro stem, signifying a new resource for the production of vasicinone from identified parts of in vitro and in-field propagated J. beddomei plants.
{"title":"Justicia beddomei, a source of comprehensive vasicinone production","authors":"J. Panigrahi, S. Gantait, I. Patel","doi":"10.1163/22238980-20191051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-20191051","url":null,"abstract":"The present study formulates a method for comprehensive production of vasicinone, a quinazoline alkaloid, from multiple plant parts of in vitro and in-field-grown Justicia beddomei. HPTLC analysis of plant parts was executed with methanolic extract using toluene: butanol: butyl acetate (9:0.5:0.5; v/v/v) as the solvent system. Validation of methodology was accomplished using TLC plates (silica gel 60 F254-pre-coated aluminium sheet) following the ICH manual to maintain accuracy, precision and repeatability with a linearity ranging 2–6 μg/spot. Validation data offers precision to the methodology adapted in the present study (LOD 1 μg/spot and LOQ 3 μg/spot). It was evident that in vitro samples produced relatively higher levels of vasicinone than that of their in-field counterparts. The highest vasicinone (2.07±0.025% of dry weight) production was quantified from in vitro stem, signifying a new resource for the production of vasicinone from identified parts of in vitro and in-field propagated J. beddomei plants.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22238980-20191051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42800633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-27DOI: 10.1163/22238980-20191062
J. E. Ramírez-Benítez, Ibis Vargas Paredes, Luis F. Cuevas Glory, E. S. Duch, Victor M. Moo Huchin, S. Pereira, Gabriel Lizama Uc
Plant-essential oils have been considered as an important source of bioactive molecules like antimicrobials, analgesics, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogen agents. Biological functions of plant extracts from the genus Capsicum are unknown. In the present work, non-polar fractions of ripe and unripe fruits of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Cultivar (cv.) Jaguar and Criollo were obtained by hexane-batch extraction and tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacterial strain Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Gram-positive bacterial strains Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), and yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). Non-polar fractions from ripe fruits for both cv. exhibited greater antimicrobial activity compared to unripe fruits. Implication of numbered FFA’s on observed antimicrobial activity are discussed.
植物精油被认为是生物活性分子的重要来源，如抗菌剂、镇痛剂、抗炎剂和抗癌剂。辣椒属植物提取物的生物学功能尚不清楚。本文研究了辣椒成熟果实和未成熟果实的非极性组分。通过己烷分批提取获得品种Jaguar和Criollo，并测试其对革兰氏阴性细菌菌株大肠杆菌（ATCC 25922）、革兰氏阳性细菌菌株粪肠球菌（ATCC 29212）、金黄色葡萄球菌（ATCC 259 23）和表皮葡萄球菌（ATC C 12228）以及白色念珠菌（ATCC 90028）的抗菌活性。与未成熟果实相比，两种品种成熟果实的非极性组分都表现出更大的抗菌活性。讨论了编号FFA对观察到的抗菌活性的影响。
{"title":"Activity of free fatty acids-rich non-polar fractions from fruits of Capsicum chinense var. Criolla and Jaguar","authors":"J. E. Ramírez-Benítez, Ibis Vargas Paredes, Luis F. Cuevas Glory, E. S. Duch, Victor M. Moo Huchin, S. Pereira, Gabriel Lizama Uc","doi":"10.1163/22238980-20191062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-20191062","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-essential oils have been considered as an important source of bioactive molecules like antimicrobials, analgesics, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogen agents. Biological functions of plant extracts from the genus Capsicum are unknown. In the present work, non-polar fractions of ripe and unripe fruits of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Cultivar (cv.) Jaguar and Criollo were obtained by hexane-batch extraction and tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacterial strain Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Gram-positive bacterial strains Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), and yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). Non-polar fractions from ripe fruits for both cv. exhibited greater antimicrobial activity compared to unripe fruits. Implication of numbered FFA’s on observed antimicrobial activity are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22238980-20191062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45772330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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