Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10068
S. Sinha, Y. Kumar, Saurav Kumar, Mankesh Kumar, K. Rashmi, Sareeta Nahakpam, Satyendra Tomar, S. P. Singh
Marker-trait association study was undertaken to identify genomic regions linked to SSR markers with grain shape traits in rice. The association analysis identified 20 and 8 marker-trait association by GLM and MLM approaches, respectively at P values ≤ 0.005. GLM approach identified association for three traits on chromosome 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12 explaining 16.07% to 38.66% phenotypic variance whereas MLM approach detected association for four traits on chromosome 1, 4, 7, 8 and 11 explaining 15.51% to 27.24%. In GLM approach, the marker loci RM430_200 located on chromosome 5 showed highly significant association with test weight explained maximum phenotypic variance of 38.66%. While in MLM, marker RM320_250 located on chromosome 7 showed highly significant association with grain breadth accounted for 27.24% of phenotypic variance. The significant marker-trait association was lower in MLM compared to those in GLM. MLM method was proven to be useful in controlling false associations. The marker-trait association identified from the present study would be validated and utilized in marker assisted breeding programs of grain shape traits in rice.
{"title":"Marker-trait association analysis for grain shape traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"S. Sinha, Y. Kumar, Saurav Kumar, Mankesh Kumar, K. Rashmi, Sareeta Nahakpam, Satyendra Tomar, S. P. Singh","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Marker-trait association study was undertaken to identify genomic regions linked to SSR markers with grain shape traits in rice. The association analysis identified 20 and 8 marker-trait association by GLM and MLM approaches, respectively at P values ≤ 0.005. GLM approach identified association for three traits on chromosome 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12 explaining 16.07% to 38.66% phenotypic variance whereas MLM approach detected association for four traits on chromosome 1, 4, 7, 8 and 11 explaining 15.51% to 27.24%. In GLM approach, the marker loci RM430_200 located on chromosome 5 showed highly significant association with test weight explained maximum phenotypic variance of 38.66%. While in MLM, marker RM320_250 located on chromosome 7 showed highly significant association with grain breadth accounted for 27.24% of phenotypic variance. The significant marker-trait association was lower in MLM compared to those in GLM. MLM method was proven to be useful in controlling false associations. The marker-trait association identified from the present study would be validated and utilized in marker assisted breeding programs of grain shape traits in rice.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46869918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10069
Varun Kusampudi, Shilpa Kusampudi, Lakshmi B.S.
The present study screened different concentrations of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaf decoction (M. oleifera hot water extract-MWE) (100, 10, 1, and 0.1 g/L) to investigate their potential in increasing the yield of BPT 5204 rice variety. We aimed to analyze the effect of MWE on rice yield with different modes of treatment such as seed soaking, root treatment, and foliar spray. Rice seeds were soaked at different concentrations of MWE for 24 h before seeding. Plants grown from rice seeds soaked in 100 g/L MWE produced 6.6 tons/ha yield, whereas, roots of rice seedlings soaked for 4 h in varied MWE concentrations before transplantation and plants treated with 100 g/L MWE produced an yield of 6 tons/ha. In the last group, 45 day old rice plants were subjected to foliar spray with varying concentrations of MWE, where the foliar spray of rice plants with 100 g/L MWE showed a 6.5 tons/ha yield. As plants grown from rice seeds soaked in 100 g/L MWE produced a high yield, the leaves from these plants were analyzed to study the effect of MWE treatment on phenylalanine lyase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide levels and genes involved in rice yield. The leaves of plants grown from rice seeds soaked in 100 g/L MWE showed increased H2O2 and SAM2 gene levels compared to control plants. This study reports the potential role of MWE as an environmentally safe, cost-effective and easy-to-use biostimulant for enhancing yield of rice.
{"title":"Seed priming using Moringa oleifera leaf decoction increases BPT 5204 rice yield","authors":"Varun Kusampudi, Shilpa Kusampudi, Lakshmi B.S.","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present study screened different concentrations of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaf decoction (M. oleifera hot water extract-MWE) (100, 10, 1, and 0.1 g/L) to investigate their potential in increasing the yield of BPT 5204 rice variety. We aimed to analyze the effect of MWE on rice yield with different modes of treatment such as seed soaking, root treatment, and foliar spray. Rice seeds were soaked at different concentrations of MWE for 24 h before seeding. Plants grown from rice seeds soaked in 100 g/L MWE produced 6.6 tons/ha yield, whereas, roots of rice seedlings soaked for 4 h in varied MWE concentrations before transplantation and plants treated with 100 g/L MWE produced an yield of 6 tons/ha. In the last group, 45 day old rice plants were subjected to foliar spray with varying concentrations of MWE, where the foliar spray of rice plants with 100 g/L MWE showed a 6.5 tons/ha yield. As plants grown from rice seeds soaked in 100 g/L MWE produced a high yield, the leaves from these plants were analyzed to study the effect of MWE treatment on phenylalanine lyase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide levels and genes involved in rice yield. The leaves of plants grown from rice seeds soaked in 100 g/L MWE showed increased H2O2 and SAM2 gene levels compared to control plants. This study reports the potential role of MWE as an environmentally safe, cost-effective and easy-to-use biostimulant for enhancing yield of rice.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49191308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10066
R. Einav, Á. Israel
In the last two decades, major taxonomic modifications have taken place on marine macroalgae with important changes at the genera level and discovery of cryptic species worldwide. These updates have an important role by serving as a baseline for future ecological interpretations related to on-going climate changes in the marine environment. Hence, this study aimed to elaborate a comprehensive and revised checklist of seaweeds and seagrasses reported in the literature over the years for Syrian Mediterranean Sea shorelines. It was found that the marine flora is quite diverse with a recounted total of 290 species of which 52 are Chlorophyta, 178 Rhodophyta and 60 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). The Syrian shores also host five marine angiosperms (seagrasses), even though Zostera marinaLinnaeus has been unaccounted for in recent years. This study will further contribute to a better understanding of seaweed distribution within the Levant basin.
{"title":"An updated checklist of seaweeds and seagrasses from the Syrian Mediterranean Sea coast","authors":"R. Einav, Á. Israel","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the last two decades, major taxonomic modifications have taken place on marine macroalgae with important changes at the genera level and discovery of cryptic species worldwide. These updates have an important role by serving as a baseline for future ecological interpretations related to on-going climate changes in the marine environment. Hence, this study aimed to elaborate a comprehensive and revised checklist of seaweeds and seagrasses reported in the literature over the years for Syrian Mediterranean Sea shorelines. It was found that the marine flora is quite diverse with a recounted total of 290 species of which 52 are Chlorophyta, 178 Rhodophyta and 60 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). The Syrian shores also host five marine angiosperms (seagrasses), even though Zostera marinaLinnaeus has been unaccounted for in recent years. This study will further contribute to a better understanding of seaweed distribution within the Levant basin.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45840434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10065
H. Van
Vietnam is one of the diverse regions for Araceae and possesses a large number of endemic Araceae species. Many Araceae species in Vietnam have been used as food and traditional medicines. Accordingly, species belonging to the genera, including Amorphohallus, Aglaonema, Arisaema, Alocasia, Colocasia, Homalomena, Lasia and Typhonium possessed many potential applications. Based on my knowledge and observations as well as the literatures on values of Araceae species, the present review aims to provide the information regarding the potential uses in medicine, food and ornamental plant industry of 27 Araceae species in Vietnam. In addition, the illustrative photos of all 27 Araceae species from this study are also given.
{"title":"Potential uses of some Araceae species in Vietnam","authors":"H. Van","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Vietnam is one of the diverse regions for Araceae and possesses a large number of endemic Araceae species. Many Araceae species in Vietnam have been used as food and traditional medicines. Accordingly, species belonging to the genera, including Amorphohallus, Aglaonema, Arisaema, Alocasia, Colocasia, Homalomena, Lasia and Typhonium possessed many potential applications. Based on my knowledge and observations as well as the literatures on values of Araceae species, the present review aims to provide the information regarding the potential uses in medicine, food and ornamental plant industry of 27 Araceae species in Vietnam. In addition, the illustrative photos of all 27 Araceae species from this study are also given.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43145438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10064
K. Anjani, R. Pasala, S. N. Sudhakara Babu
Genetic basis of heterosis has been exploited for yield improvement in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) but little is known about physiological basis of heterosis for yield. The objective of this study was to quantify the physiological basis of heterosis for seed yield in safflower by examining 19 safflower hybrids and their parents for photosynthetic traits, and yield and its components. The results showed that heterosis for yield and its components was high and positive but was low and negative for photosynthetic traits in most of the hybrids studied. There were weak and non-significant relations between photosynthetic traits and yield and its components. Hybrids were more efficient in translocating photoassimilates to two major sink organs viz., number of seeds and number of capitula despite having low net photosynthesis than parents. Seed yield increase in safflower is more sink-than source-limited and was necessary through heterosis for sink organs. Heterosis breeding for larger sink size with parallel increase in effectiveness of sink organs in translocation of photo-assimilates is suggested for yield improvement in safflower.
{"title":"Role of heterosis for photosynthetic traits and sink organs in seed yield enhancement in safflower","authors":"K. Anjani, R. Pasala, S. N. Sudhakara Babu","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10064","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Genetic basis of heterosis has been exploited for yield improvement in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) but little is known about physiological basis of heterosis for yield. The objective of this study was to quantify the physiological basis of heterosis for seed yield in safflower by examining 19 safflower hybrids and their parents for photosynthetic traits, and yield and its components. The results showed that heterosis for yield and its components was high and positive but was low and negative for photosynthetic traits in most of the hybrids studied. There were weak and non-significant relations between photosynthetic traits and yield and its components. Hybrids were more efficient in translocating photoassimilates to two major sink organs viz., number of seeds and number of capitula despite having low net photosynthesis than parents. Seed yield increase in safflower is more sink-than source-limited and was necessary through heterosis for sink organs. Heterosis breeding for larger sink size with parallel increase in effectiveness of sink organs in translocation of photo-assimilates is suggested for yield improvement in safflower.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43156417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-03DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10059
Utpal Das, Ahok Hugar, Shantanu Das, S. Das, A. Kurubar
The present experiment was conducted to estimate the physico-chemical diversity of twelve Indian jujube cultivars. A sum of fifteen quantitative characters were explored and subjected to multivariate analyses. Significant variability was observed across the ber cultivars under study. Pearson’s correlation analysis identified days to first flower initiation, a higher number of flowers per cluster and a higher number of retained fruits per cluster which could be used as the basis of selection for identification of high yielding ber cultivars. The principal component analysis (PCA) estimates 60.2% of the total variability in ber cultivars is contributed by PC1 and PC2. The scatter plot of the first two components highlights the number of retained fruits per cluster, yield per tree, pulp weight, fruit width, stone weight and number of flowers per cluster as principal characters that played a significant role in the total variability. Further, PCA also helped to identify Mehrun, Manuki and Chhuhara as superior ber cultivars which performed well with respect to the PC1 and PC2. The Mahalanobis D2 statistics grouped all the twelve ber cultivars into five clusters indicating the existence of ample genetic diversity among the cultivars. Considering the inter-cluster distance along with cluster mean it could be concluded that the cultivars of cluster II and Cluster III may be utilized to estimate the combining ability for effective exploitation of heterosis or to isolate desirable transgressive segregants.
{"title":"Genetic diversity of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) cultivars using physico-chemical characteristics","authors":"Utpal Das, Ahok Hugar, Shantanu Das, S. Das, A. Kurubar","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present experiment was conducted to estimate the physico-chemical diversity of twelve Indian jujube cultivars. A sum of fifteen quantitative characters were explored and subjected to multivariate analyses. Significant variability was observed across the ber cultivars under study. Pearson’s correlation analysis identified days to first flower initiation, a higher number of flowers per cluster and a higher number of retained fruits per cluster which could be used as the basis of selection for identification of high yielding ber cultivars. The principal component analysis (PCA) estimates 60.2% of the total variability in ber cultivars is contributed by PC1 and PC2. The scatter plot of the first two components highlights the number of retained fruits per cluster, yield per tree, pulp weight, fruit width, stone weight and number of flowers per cluster as principal characters that played a significant role in the total variability. Further, PCA also helped to identify Mehrun, Manuki and Chhuhara as superior ber cultivars which performed well with respect to the PC1 and PC2. The Mahalanobis D2 statistics grouped all the twelve ber cultivars into five clusters indicating the existence of ample genetic diversity among the cultivars. Considering the inter-cluster distance along with cluster mean it could be concluded that the cultivars of cluster II and Cluster III may be utilized to estimate the combining ability for effective exploitation of heterosis or to isolate desirable transgressive segregants.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46755631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10063
A. Jha, R. Padbhushan, Arun Kumar
Azolla is a small freshwater fern reproduces sexually and asexually (by splitting). The spores’ formation through sexual reproduction in the azolla species is influenced by climatic condition. Keeping this fact in view, the present study was conducted with an aim to study the impact of temperature on the sporocarp formation and also developing storage techniques for sexual propagation in the azolla species. The study showed that the sporulation in Azolla pinnata was more sensitive to increase in the temperature than Azolla microphylla. Azolla pinnata did not sporulate on rising maximum temperature; however sporulation in Azolla microphylla was delayed by one month due to rise in the temperature during second year compared to the first year. Conversion of the freshly collected sporocarps into Azolla microphylla plants were decreased by 4.2–9.3% on increasing minimum and maximum temperatures by 5°C and 8°C, respectively and conversion of the one month old sporocarps into plants was decreased by 1.8–8.7% on rising minimum and maximum temperatures. On storing sporocarps in the refrigerator resulted in higher germination percentage than stored at room temperature. Conversion of freshly collected sporocarps into Azolla plants increased on storage of the sporocarps mixing with soil (1:15) in the refrigerator than at room temperature. Germination of one month old Azolla microphylla sporocarps on storage in refrigerator after mixing with soil decreased during second year compared to first year. Therefore, in a controlled environment, azolla may be encouraged to grow sporocarps for exploiting full potential of azolla for eco-friendly agricultural and livestock management.
{"title":"Study on storage techniques and temperature conditions for sporocarp germination and development in azolla","authors":"A. Jha, R. Padbhushan, Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10063","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Azolla is a small freshwater fern reproduces sexually and asexually (by splitting). The spores’ formation through sexual reproduction in the azolla species is influenced by climatic condition. Keeping this fact in view, the present study was conducted with an aim to study the impact of temperature on the sporocarp formation and also developing storage techniques for sexual propagation in the azolla species. The study showed that the sporulation in Azolla pinnata was more sensitive to increase in the temperature than Azolla microphylla. Azolla pinnata did not sporulate on rising maximum temperature; however sporulation in Azolla microphylla was delayed by one month due to rise in the temperature during second year compared to the first year. Conversion of the freshly collected sporocarps into Azolla microphylla plants were decreased by 4.2–9.3% on increasing minimum and maximum temperatures by 5°C and 8°C, respectively and conversion of the one month old sporocarps into plants was decreased by 1.8–8.7% on rising minimum and maximum temperatures. On storing sporocarps in the refrigerator resulted in higher germination percentage than stored at room temperature. Conversion of freshly collected sporocarps into Azolla plants increased on storage of the sporocarps mixing with soil (1:15) in the refrigerator than at room temperature. Germination of one month old Azolla microphylla sporocarps on storage in refrigerator after mixing with soil decreased during second year compared to first year. Therefore, in a controlled environment, azolla may be encouraged to grow sporocarps for exploiting full potential of azolla for eco-friendly agricultural and livestock management.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43101805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10062
Aneesha Singh
Jatropha curcas is an important biodiesel plant as its seed contains 27–40% oil. The virus infection causes adverse effects on plant growth, and yield. The present study was carried out to develop plantlets from virus-infected plants using meristematic cultures. Cultures were also raised using nodal explant to figure out culture loss caused by the new strain of Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCuGV). Poor (48.3 ± 15.1 %) shoot bud induction was noted in virus-infected explants on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Severe culture loss was noted upon subsequent sub-cultures of nodal explants. Apical meristem (MC) developed the highest (86.3 ± 12.5 %) shoot bud induction on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ). Best results in shoot proliferation and elongation were achieved on 1.0 mg/L BAP, 1.5 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L Gibberellic acid (GA3) containing medium with 9.9 ± 1.7 number of shoot buds of 5.2 ± 0.5 cm shoot length. It was interesting to note that the rooting percentage was not affected by virus infection. Shoots obtained from virus-infected and meristem cultures rooted well without any significant difference in rooting percentage. It was known by the study that the generation of planting material from virus-infected plants was possible with meristem explants but recalcitrant with nodal explants.
{"title":"In vitro study of virus new strain JLCuGV infected nodal explants and production of planting material through meristem culture from virus-infected Jatropha curcas plants","authors":"Aneesha Singh","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Jatropha curcas is an important biodiesel plant as its seed contains 27–40% oil. The virus infection causes adverse effects on plant growth, and yield. The present study was carried out to develop plantlets from virus-infected plants using meristematic cultures. Cultures were also raised using nodal explant to figure out culture loss caused by the new strain of Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCuGV). Poor (48.3 ± 15.1 %) shoot bud induction was noted in virus-infected explants on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Severe culture loss was noted upon subsequent sub-cultures of nodal explants. Apical meristem (MC) developed the highest (86.3 ± 12.5 %) shoot bud induction on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ). Best results in shoot proliferation and elongation were achieved on 1.0 mg/L BAP, 1.5 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L Gibberellic acid (GA3) containing medium with 9.9 ± 1.7 number of shoot buds of 5.2 ± 0.5 cm shoot length. It was interesting to note that the rooting percentage was not affected by virus infection. Shoots obtained from virus-infected and meristem cultures rooted well without any significant difference in rooting percentage. It was known by the study that the generation of planting material from virus-infected plants was possible with meristem explants but recalcitrant with nodal explants.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46893952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10060
E. Clairvil, J. Martins, P. Braga, R. Cipriano, L. T. Conde, S. W. Moreira, Franciele Pereira Rossini, A. R. Falqueto, A. Gontijo
The use of plants that present clear physiological responses to heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) can assist in environmental monitoring. The aim was to evaluate physiological responses of Cd in Alternanthera tenella plants in micro-controlled conditions and to assess the its tolerance level and bioindicator potential. Nodal segments of A. tenella were grown in flasks containing semi-solid MS medium supplemented with (0, 50, 100, and 150 μM Cd). The total fresh and dry weight of the plants, in addition to physiological analyses, were determined after 30 days of cultivation. Plants submitted to Cd showed a reduction in biomass and photosynthetic pigments content. The decline in the Chl a/b ratio indicated the deleterious effects of Cd, as evidenced by the decrease in the density of active reaction centers (RC/CSM). The levels of deterioration in the functionality or structural integrity of the thylakoid membranes (WL) and the activity of the oxygen evolution complex (WK) increased as a function of Cd concentrations. The decreases in photochemical and non-photochemical quenching (qP and qN, respectively) observed in plants exposed to Cd indicated photochemical dysfunctions. Additionally, the increase in the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation (ΦNO) indicated the presence of photodamage. Plants had a low/intermediate TI level (≥21.7) in the analyzed concentration range. A. tenella plants can bioaccumulate high amounts of Cd. The level of physiological responses of A. tenella is dependent on the concentration of Cd, which makes the use of this species even more promising as a bioindicator for this metal.
{"title":"Modulation of physiological responses and tolerance of Alternanthera tenella Colla (Amaranthaceae) to cadmium during in vitro cultivation","authors":"E. Clairvil, J. Martins, P. Braga, R. Cipriano, L. T. Conde, S. W. Moreira, Franciele Pereira Rossini, A. R. Falqueto, A. Gontijo","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The use of plants that present clear physiological responses to heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) can assist in environmental monitoring. The aim was to evaluate physiological responses of Cd in Alternanthera tenella plants in micro-controlled conditions and to assess the its tolerance level and bioindicator potential. Nodal segments of A. tenella were grown in flasks containing semi-solid MS medium supplemented with (0, 50, 100, and 150 μM Cd). The total fresh and dry weight of the plants, in addition to physiological analyses, were determined after 30 days of cultivation. Plants submitted to Cd showed a reduction in biomass and photosynthetic pigments content. The decline in the Chl a/b ratio indicated the deleterious effects of Cd, as evidenced by the decrease in the density of active reaction centers (RC/CSM). The levels of deterioration in the functionality or structural integrity of the thylakoid membranes (WL) and the activity of the oxygen evolution complex (WK) increased as a function of Cd concentrations. The decreases in photochemical and non-photochemical quenching (qP and qN, respectively) observed in plants exposed to Cd indicated photochemical dysfunctions. Additionally, the increase in the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation (ΦNO) indicated the presence of photodamage. Plants had a low/intermediate TI level (≥21.7) in the analyzed concentration range. A. tenella plants can bioaccumulate high amounts of Cd. The level of physiological responses of A. tenella is dependent on the concentration of Cd, which makes the use of this species even more promising as a bioindicator for this metal.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48673141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10061
Akshay Mamgain
This study highlights the importance of flower color variation and attraction as a mechanism for pollination and protection of floral parts. As part of this study, a survey relating to flower color variation and differences in spotting pattern (nectar guides) was conducted on Rhododendron arboreum, a widespread tree species in the mountainous region of Uttarakhand state, at 43 different altitudinal locations. Seven original color morphs of flowers and five types of spot variation in the nectar guide were observed. The study underlines the role of flower color polymorphism in both pollination and adaptation to varied environmental conditions. Further, the significance of nectar guides in directing the visitor to the reward is discussed. This study has the potential to enhance existing knowledge about flower color variation and attraction to the environment.
{"title":"Altitudinal variation in flower color and attraction pattern of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. in central Himalayan Region of Uttarakhand, India","authors":"Akshay Mamgain","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10061","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study highlights the importance of flower color variation and attraction as a mechanism for pollination and protection of floral parts. As part of this study, a survey relating to flower color variation and differences in spotting pattern (nectar guides) was conducted on Rhododendron arboreum, a widespread tree species in the mountainous region of Uttarakhand state, at 43 different altitudinal locations. Seven original color morphs of flowers and five types of spot variation in the nectar guide were observed. The study underlines the role of flower color polymorphism in both pollination and adaptation to varied environmental conditions. Further, the significance of nectar guides in directing the visitor to the reward is discussed. This study has the potential to enhance existing knowledge about flower color variation and attraction to the environment.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45646826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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