Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10078
Zhelun Xu, Shanshan Zhong, Youli Yu, Y. Wang, Jun Liu, Erhui Guo, Cong-yan Wang
The phytotoxicity of exotic invasive plants (EIP) is vital for their successful invasion. At the family level, Asteraceae contains the largest number of EIP species in China. Drought stress may affect the phytotoxicity of EIP by altering the production and secretion of allelochemicals. Therefore, it is important to estimate the phytotoxicity of multiple EIP under drought stress. In this study, the phytotoxicity of five Asteraceae EIP, i.e., Solidago canadensis L., Aster subulatus Michx., Bidens pilosa L., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., were estimated using leaf extracts. Their effects on seed germination and seedling growth of the horticultural Asteraceae species Lactuca sativa L. under drought stress (simulated by polyethylene glycol-6000) were assessed. These five Asteraceae EIP, particularly S. canadensis, inhibited seed germination of L. sativa. Aster subulatus, B. pilosa, E. annuus, and C. canadensis increased seedling growth of L. sativa. The phytotoxicity of these five Asteraceae EIP decreased in the following order: S. canadensis > E. annuus > A. subulatus > B. pilosa ≈ C. canadensis. Drought stress intensified the phytotoxicity of all five Asteraceae EIP. The level of stress intensity mediated by these five Asteraceae EIP, particularly by S. canadensis, A. subulatus, and B. pilosa, increased with increasing degree of drought stress. Thus, an increasing growing degree of drought stress may accelerate the invasion process of these five Asteraceae EIP via the effects of intensified phytotoxicity on growth performance of adjacent species, particularly on seed germination and seedling growth.
{"title":"Drought stress intensifies the phytotoxicity of five Asteraceae exotic invasive plants","authors":"Zhelun Xu, Shanshan Zhong, Youli Yu, Y. Wang, Jun Liu, Erhui Guo, Cong-yan Wang","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10078","url":null,"abstract":"The phytotoxicity of exotic invasive plants (EIP) is vital for their successful invasion. At the family level, Asteraceae contains the largest number of EIP species in China. Drought stress may affect the phytotoxicity of EIP by altering the production and secretion of allelochemicals. Therefore, it is important to estimate the phytotoxicity of multiple EIP under drought stress. In this study, the phytotoxicity of five Asteraceae EIP, i.e., Solidago canadensis L., Aster subulatus Michx., Bidens pilosa L., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., were estimated using leaf extracts. Their effects on seed germination and seedling growth of the horticultural Asteraceae species Lactuca sativa L. under drought stress (simulated by polyethylene glycol-6000) were assessed. These five Asteraceae EIP, particularly S. canadensis, inhibited seed germination of L. sativa. Aster subulatus, B. pilosa, E. annuus, and C. canadensis increased seedling growth of L. sativa. The phytotoxicity of these five Asteraceae EIP decreased in the following order: S. canadensis > E. annuus > A. subulatus > B. pilosa ≈ C. canadensis. Drought stress intensified the phytotoxicity of all five Asteraceae EIP. The level of stress intensity mediated by these five Asteraceae EIP, particularly by S. canadensis, A. subulatus, and B. pilosa, increased with increasing degree of drought stress. Thus, an increasing growing degree of drought stress may accelerate the invasion process of these five Asteraceae EIP via the effects of intensified phytotoxicity on growth performance of adjacent species, particularly on seed germination and seedling growth.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45835523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10076
Filiz Baysal
Banana is cultivated abundantly in seaside regions, which are highly prone to rises in sea level or where seawater mixes with groundwater. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sea-salt stress on banana seedlings. Three different saline solutions, irrigation water, and distilled water were prepared for treatments; 15.3 dS m-1, 20.4 dS m-1, 25.7 dS m-1, 3.22 dS m-1 (irrigation water), 0.0 dS m-1 (control), respectively. Although there was no statistical difference in plant length after the treatment, plant diameter difference was observed in seedlings subjected to salt stress for 30 days. The most damaged leaves (4.8) were determined at the highest sea-salt solution (25.7 dS m-1). Compared with the root length (RL) results of control, irrigation water, and 15.3 dS m-1 treatments, the mean of RL was significantly higher in the 25.7 dS m-1 treatment (40.0 cm). Except for the 20.40 dS m-1 treatment, the other treatments had values close to each other. Contrary to the total chlorophyll (TC) and chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) values determined in control plants, the highest TC content and CF were found in irrigation water treatment with 34.8 mg g-1 Fw and 46.0, respectively. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline were significantly higher in the 25.7 dS m-1 treatment than in the other treatments. Results demonstrated that the root length of the Grand Nain cultivar increased although the sea-salt stress had negative effects on plant morphology and biochemical content, indicating that it could adapt to short-term salt stress.
{"title":"Effects of sea-salt stress on morphological and biochemical indices of Grand Nain (Musa spp.) banana variety","authors":"Filiz Baysal","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10076","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Banana is cultivated abundantly in seaside regions, which are highly prone to rises in sea level or where seawater mixes with groundwater. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sea-salt stress on banana seedlings. Three different saline solutions, irrigation water, and distilled water were prepared for treatments; 15.3 dS m-1, 20.4 dS m-1, 25.7 dS m-1, 3.22 dS m-1 (irrigation water), 0.0 dS m-1 (control), respectively. Although there was no statistical difference in plant length after the treatment, plant diameter difference was observed in seedlings subjected to salt stress for 30 days. The most damaged leaves (4.8) were determined at the highest sea-salt solution (25.7 dS m-1). Compared with the root length (RL) results of control, irrigation water, and 15.3 dS m-1 treatments, the mean of RL was significantly higher in the 25.7 dS m-1 treatment (40.0 cm). Except for the 20.40 dS m-1 treatment, the other treatments had values close to each other. Contrary to the total chlorophyll (TC) and chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) values determined in control plants, the highest TC content and CF were found in irrigation water treatment with 34.8 mg g-1 Fw and 46.0, respectively. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline were significantly higher in the 25.7 dS m-1 treatment than in the other treatments. Results demonstrated that the root length of the Grand Nain cultivar increased although the sea-salt stress had negative effects on plant morphology and biochemical content, indicating that it could adapt to short-term salt stress.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46894671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10077
Savita Sharma, J. Sharma, Deepika Singh, S. Mallubhotla
Boerhaavia diffusa (family: Nyctaginaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant of rasayana category as per ayurvedic claims, commonly known as ‘Punarnava’ in Indian system of medicine. It is used as a green leafy vegetable in many Asian and African countries besides possessing anticancer, antiestrogenic, immunomodulatory and antiamoebic activities. Its phytochemicals like flavanoids, alkaloids, phenols, polyphenols etc. have been extensively explored to gain insight into its wide range of bioactivities and medicinal attributes, and boeravinone B has been reported as most potent and interesting flavonoid for its therapeutic properties. In present investigation high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis was done on monthly basis for two consecutive years to check the influence of temperature, humidity and rainfall on production and quantification of boeravinone B in various plant parts of field grown B. diffusa. Throughout the year, variation in the concentration of boeravinone B was observed and highest yield was observed in July, which is also the best time for Boerhaavia multiplication and growth. Amongst the plant parts, maximum concentration of boeravinone B was obtained in root parts (6.63%) followed by leaves (4.28%) and minimal content was obtained in shoot parts (3.08%). These results indicate the ideal time for harvesting of the whole herb for its better utilization as a herbal therapeutic for commercial purposes.
{"title":"Seasonal variation of boeravinone B content in plant parts of Boerhaavia diffusa L.","authors":"Savita Sharma, J. Sharma, Deepika Singh, S. Mallubhotla","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10077","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Boerhaavia diffusa (family: Nyctaginaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant of rasayana category as per ayurvedic claims, commonly known as ‘Punarnava’ in Indian system of medicine. It is used as a green leafy vegetable in many Asian and African countries besides possessing anticancer, antiestrogenic, immunomodulatory and antiamoebic activities. Its phytochemicals like flavanoids, alkaloids, phenols, polyphenols etc. have been extensively explored to gain insight into its wide range of bioactivities and medicinal attributes, and boeravinone B has been reported as most potent and interesting flavonoid for its therapeutic properties. In present investigation high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis was done on monthly basis for two consecutive years to check the influence of temperature, humidity and rainfall on production and quantification of boeravinone B in various plant parts of field grown B. diffusa. Throughout the year, variation in the concentration of boeravinone B was observed and highest yield was observed in July, which is also the best time for Boerhaavia multiplication and growth. Amongst the plant parts, maximum concentration of boeravinone B was obtained in root parts (6.63%) followed by leaves (4.28%) and minimal content was obtained in shoot parts (3.08%). These results indicate the ideal time for harvesting of the whole herb for its better utilization as a herbal therapeutic for commercial purposes.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48886425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10072
Varun M. Hiremath, K. Singh, K. Swaroop, S. Panwar, P. A., Tejukumar B.K.
Present investigation involved phenotypic characterization of 84 gladiolus genotypes based on 18 DUS descriptors to estimate genetic variation and identify desirable genotypes for hybridization. Considerable variability was observed among the genotypes for most of the traits and principal component analysis revealed that the first two principal components explained most of the existing variation (>98%) in the germplasm. Genotypic coefficient of variation exhibited a wide range from 7.80% (androecium length) to 37.11% (duration of flowering) while, phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 8.12% (androecium length) to 37.61% (duration of flowering). Strong broad sense heritability estimates (>95%) were observed for the characters viz., bract length, flower width, tepal length, tepal width, style length, time of beginning of flowering and duration of flowering. Seventy four pair wise inter-trait combinations showed significant and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations among 153 possible trait combinations. Mahalanobis D2 statistic analysis revealed that genotypes of the cluster II and V to be highly distinct and hybridization between them might have better chance to obtain desirable recombinants. Ward’s cluster analysis confirmed that the cv. Victor and cv. Malaviya Shatabdi to be highly diverse for the selected traits. It is concluded that the above genotypes may be utilized in crossing programme to obtain better progenies. Characterized data of gladiolus germplasm would assist the breeders in varietal identification, conservation and their sustainable utilization during breeding programme.
{"title":"DUS descriptors based morphometric characterization to analyze genetic variability in gladiolus","authors":"Varun M. Hiremath, K. Singh, K. Swaroop, S. Panwar, P. A., Tejukumar B.K.","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Present investigation involved phenotypic characterization of 84 gladiolus genotypes based on 18 DUS descriptors to estimate genetic variation and identify desirable genotypes for hybridization. Considerable variability was observed among the genotypes for most of the traits and principal component analysis revealed that the first two principal components explained most of the existing variation (>98%) in the germplasm. Genotypic coefficient of variation exhibited a wide range from 7.80% (androecium length) to 37.11% (duration of flowering) while, phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 8.12% (androecium length) to 37.61% (duration of flowering). Strong broad sense heritability estimates (>95%) were observed for the characters viz., bract length, flower width, tepal length, tepal width, style length, time of beginning of flowering and duration of flowering. Seventy four pair wise inter-trait combinations showed significant and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations among 153 possible trait combinations. Mahalanobis D2 statistic analysis revealed that genotypes of the cluster II and V to be highly distinct and hybridization between them might have better chance to obtain desirable recombinants. Ward’s cluster analysis confirmed that the cv. Victor and cv. Malaviya Shatabdi to be highly diverse for the selected traits. It is concluded that the above genotypes may be utilized in crossing programme to obtain better progenies. Characterized data of gladiolus germplasm would assist the breeders in varietal identification, conservation and their sustainable utilization during breeding programme.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45820958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10070
A. Sah, Devendra Narayan Singh
Present study was undertaken to assess the scope of Sesbania aculeata as brown manure on grain yield, partial factor productivity of nutrients as well as to cut down the nutritional requirement of direct seeded rice and transplanted rice-wheat system cropping system. Results revealed that puddled transplanted treatment having 100% NPK with Sesbania aculeata recorded highest rice grain yield (4.3 t ha‒1) which was statistically at par to dry direct seeded rice treatment having 100%, 75% and 50% NPK with Sesbania aculeata. The yield of wheat taken after puddled transplanted rice was recorded lower than the wheat grown after direct-seeded rice. System productivity, PFP, AUE, net returns and B: C ratio of DSR-wheat was higher (7.5 t ha‒1, 25 kg grain/kg nutrient applied, 3.3%, USD 870 ha‒1, 1.2) compared to puddle transplanted rice-wheat (7.4 t ha‒1, 24.5 kg grain/kg nutrient applied, 0.6 %, USD 786 ha‒1, 0.9, respectively). The highest B: C ratio (2.4) was recorded in treatment having 50% NPK of recommended dose, which was statistically at par with the treatment having 75% NPK of recommended dose. Interaction effect of nutrient application coupled with crop establishment method revealed that the highest B:C ratio (1.7) was registered also in DSR-wheat system having 75% and 50% NPK of recommended dose.
本研究旨在评估田菁作为褐肥对粮食产量、养分偏因子生产率的影响范围，以及降低直播水稻和移植稻麦系统种植系统的营养需求。结果表明，具有100%NPK和田菁的水培处理记录了最高的水稻籽粒产量（4.3 t ha-1），在统计上与具有100%、75%和50%NPK的干直播水稻处理持平。移植水稻后的小麦产量低于直接播种后的小麦。DSR小麦的系统生产力、PFP、AUE、净收益和B:C比率较高（7.5t ha-1，25 kg谷物/kg施用养分，3.3%，870 ha-1，1.2美元），而水洼移植水稻-小麦（7.4 t ha-1，24.5美元 公斤谷物/公斤施用养分，分别为0.6%、786公顷1美元和0.9美元）。最高的B:C比率（2.4）记录在具有推荐剂量50%NPK的治疗中，这在统计学上与具有推荐剂量75%NPK的处理持平。养分施用与作物建立方法的相互作用效应表明，在推荐剂量的NPK分别为75%和50%的DSR小麦系统中，B∶C比率最高（1.7）。
{"title":"Effect of Sesbania aculeata as brown manure on grain yield and partial factor productivity of nutrients in dry direct seeded rice-wheat system","authors":"A. Sah, Devendra Narayan Singh","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Present study was undertaken to assess the scope of Sesbania aculeata as brown manure on grain yield, partial factor productivity of nutrients as well as to cut down the nutritional requirement of direct seeded rice and transplanted rice-wheat system cropping system. Results revealed that puddled transplanted treatment having 100% NPK with Sesbania aculeata recorded highest rice grain yield (4.3 t ha‒1) which was statistically at par to dry direct seeded rice treatment having 100%, 75% and 50% NPK with Sesbania aculeata. The yield of wheat taken after puddled transplanted rice was recorded lower than the wheat grown after direct-seeded rice. System productivity, PFP, AUE, net returns and B: C ratio of DSR-wheat was higher (7.5 t ha‒1, 25 kg grain/kg nutrient applied, 3.3%, USD 870 ha‒1, 1.2) compared to puddle transplanted rice-wheat (7.4 t ha‒1, 24.5 kg grain/kg nutrient applied, 0.6 %, USD 786 ha‒1, 0.9, respectively). The highest B: C ratio (2.4) was recorded in treatment having 50% NPK of recommended dose, which was statistically at par with the treatment having 75% NPK of recommended dose. Interaction effect of nutrient application coupled with crop establishment method revealed that the highest B:C ratio (1.7) was registered also in DSR-wheat system having 75% and 50% NPK of recommended dose.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46356437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10073
J. Hirzel, V. Moya, C. Balbontín
The blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have gained consumer interest worldwide for its antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and blood pressure reducing properties. The objective of our study was to characterize 10 blueberry cultivars for firmness, weight, caliber, macronutrient content, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, and soluble solids. Results indicated that the characterized fruit parameters varied between 12.89–18.68 °Brix for soluble solids, 0.57%–0.79% for titratable acidity, 57.0–81.6 g mm -1 for firmness, 1.74 and 2.80 g for average fruit weight, 14.7 and 17.9 mm for average fruit diameter, 1.80–15.55 mg L-1 for anthocyanins, and 14.4%–21.6% for dry matter content. Fruit nutrient concentration (mg 100 g-1 fresh fruit) ranged from 63.6 to 104.0 mg N 100 g-1, 7.0 to 12.2 mg P 100 g-1, 76.4 to 122.7 mg K 100 g-1, 4.5 to 9.8 mg Ca 100 g-1, 3.6 to 6.9 mg Mg 100 g-1, and 3.7 to 5.8 mg S 100 g-1. The cultivar with the highest overall values was ‘Last Call’, while the cultivars with the lowest values were ‘Brigitta’, ‘Liberty’, and ‘Cargo’. There were positive and negative correlations between the characterization parameters, mainly 1) less firm cultivars, ‘Legacy’, ´Duke’, and ‘Camelia’, were positively correlated for the K concentration, 2) negative correlations between titratable acidity and the K concentration in ‘Last Call’, ‘Cargo’, ‘Brigitta’, and ‘Liberty’, and 3) positive correlations between the P concentration and soluble solid content in ‘Last Call’, ‘Camelia’, and ‘Brigitta’.
蓝莓（越橘属）因其抗氧化、神经保护、抗癌、抗炎和降血压的特性而在全球范围内引起消费者的兴趣。我们研究的目的是对10个蓝莓品种的硬度、重量、口径、大量营养素含量、花青素、可滴定酸度和可溶性固形物进行表征。结果表明，可溶性固体的特征水果参数在12.89–18.68°Brix之间变化，可滴定酸度在0.57%–0.79%之间变化，57.0–81.6 g mm-1表示硬度，1.74和2.80 平均果实重量为14.7和17.9克 平均果实直径为1.80–15.55毫米 花青素含量为14.4%-21.6%。水果营养素浓度（mg 100 g-1鲜果）范围为63.6至104.0 mg N 100 g-1，7.0至12.2 mg P 100 g-1，76.4至122.7 mg K 100 g-1，4.5至9.8 mg Ca 100 g-1，3.6至6.9 mg mg 100 g-1和3.7至5.8 mg S 100 g-1.综合值最高的品种是“Last Call”，而综合值最低的品种为“Brigitta”、“Liberty”和“Cargo”。表征参数之间存在正相关和负相关，主要是1）不太结实的品种“Legacy”、“Duke”和“Camellia”与K浓度呈正相关，2）可滴定酸度与“Last Call”、“Cargo”、“Brigitta”和“Liberty”中的K浓度呈负相关，3）‘Last Call’、‘Camellia’和‘Brigitta’的磷浓度与可溶性固形物含量呈正相关。
{"title":"Characterization of fruit quality attributes and nutritional composition of ten blueberry cultivars","authors":"J. Hirzel, V. Moya, C. Balbontín","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have gained consumer interest worldwide for its antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and blood pressure reducing properties. The objective of our study was to characterize 10 blueberry cultivars for firmness, weight, caliber, macronutrient content, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, and soluble solids. Results indicated that the characterized fruit parameters varied between 12.89–18.68 °Brix for soluble solids, 0.57%–0.79% for titratable acidity, 57.0–81.6 g mm -1 for firmness, 1.74 and 2.80 g for average fruit weight, 14.7 and 17.9 mm for average fruit diameter, 1.80–15.55 mg L-1 for anthocyanins, and 14.4%–21.6% for dry matter content. Fruit nutrient concentration (mg 100 g-1 fresh fruit) ranged from 63.6 to 104.0 mg N 100 g-1, 7.0 to 12.2 mg P 100 g-1, 76.4 to 122.7 mg K 100 g-1, 4.5 to 9.8 mg Ca 100 g-1, 3.6 to 6.9 mg Mg 100 g-1, and 3.7 to 5.8 mg S 100 g-1. The cultivar with the highest overall values was ‘Last Call’, while the cultivars with the lowest values were ‘Brigitta’, ‘Liberty’, and ‘Cargo’. There were positive and negative correlations between the characterization parameters, mainly 1) less firm cultivars, ‘Legacy’, ´Duke’, and ‘Camelia’, were positively correlated for the K concentration, 2) negative correlations between titratable acidity and the K concentration in ‘Last Call’, ‘Cargo’, ‘Brigitta’, and ‘Liberty’, and 3) positive correlations between the P concentration and soluble solid content in ‘Last Call’, ‘Camelia’, and ‘Brigitta’.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48960240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10071
S. Patra, S. Sengupta, P. Bhattacharya, K. Bhattacharyya
To address the dearth of management of lettuce in the Indo-Gangetic plains, field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam Inceptisol for optimizing the irrigation, nitrogen requirement and economics of lettuce for three years. Four irrigation levels (conventional, I1 and irrigation at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 irrigation water to cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) ratio, as I2, I3 and I4) and three nitrogen management (100% recommended dose of N i.e., RDN as inorganic, N1; 50:50% RDN as inorganic: vermicompost, N2 and 100% RDN as vermicompost, N3) was laid out in thrice replicated split plot design. All the major physiological characteristics like plant height, number of leaves, average head diameter was improved with I4, N2 and their interaction (I4N2). Maximum average head yield (10.6 t ha-1) was obtained with I4 and I3, 10.5 t ha-1 for N2, while I4N2 yielded 11.3 t ha-1. Maximum water productivity (11.8 kg m-3) was obtained under I2N2. A strong non-linear relationship was detected between yield with irrigation water applied (). Higher soil moisture extraction (80.2%) in top 0–30 cm and lower (19.8%) for 30–45 cm depth and maximum leaf dry matter yield, nutrient concentrations and uptake was found with I4N2 and I3N2. The moderate deficit irrigation and optimum nutrient at I3N2 was found best for optimizing yield, higher water productivity, nitrogen economy and monetary returns of lettuce.
为了解决印度-恒河平原莴苣缺乏管理的问题，在沙壤土Inceptisol上进行了为期三年的田间试验，以优化莴苣的灌溉、氮需求和经济性。在三次重复的分块设计中，设置了四个灌溉水平（常规灌溉、I1和0.6、0.8、1.0灌溉水与累积蒸发量（IW/CPE）的比率，即I2、I3和I4）和三个氮管理（100%推荐氮剂量，即RDN为无机物，N1；50:50%RDN为有机物：蚯蚓堆肥，N2和100%RDN为蚯蚓堆肥，N3）。I4、N2及其相互作用（I4N2）改善了株高、叶片数、平均头径等主要生理特性。在I4和I3中获得了最大平均水头产量（10.6 t ha-1），N2为10.5 t ha-1，而I4N2为11.3 t ha-1。最大水生产率（11.8 kg m-3）。产量与灌溉水量之间存在强烈的非线性关系（）。顶部0-30的土壤水分提取率较高（80.2%） 30–45厘米及以下（19.8%） cm深度和最大叶干物质产量、养分浓度和吸收。适度亏缺灌溉和I3N2的最佳营养条件最有利于优化生菜的产量、提高水分生产率、氮经济性和经济效益。
{"title":"Enhancing yield of lettuce through irrigation and nitrogen management in a subtropical Inceptisol","authors":"S. Patra, S. Sengupta, P. Bhattacharya, K. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10071","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000To address the dearth of management of lettuce in the Indo-Gangetic plains, field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam Inceptisol for optimizing the irrigation, nitrogen requirement and economics of lettuce for three years. Four irrigation levels (conventional, I1 and irrigation at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 irrigation water to cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) ratio, as I2, I3 and I4) and three nitrogen management (100% recommended dose of N i.e., RDN as inorganic, N1; 50:50% RDN as inorganic: vermicompost, N2 and 100% RDN as vermicompost, N3) was laid out in thrice replicated split plot design. All the major physiological characteristics like plant height, number of leaves, average head diameter was improved with I4, N2 and their interaction (I4N2). Maximum average head yield (10.6 t ha-1) was obtained with I4 and I3, 10.5 t ha-1 for N2, while I4N2 yielded 11.3 t ha-1. Maximum water productivity (11.8 kg m-3) was obtained under I2N2. A strong non-linear relationship was detected between yield with irrigation water applied (). Higher soil moisture extraction (80.2%) in top 0–30 cm and lower (19.8%) for 30–45 cm depth and maximum leaf dry matter yield, nutrient concentrations and uptake was found with I4N2 and I3N2. The moderate deficit irrigation and optimum nutrient at I3N2 was found best for optimizing yield, higher water productivity, nitrogen economy and monetary returns of lettuce.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46511941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10074
O. Barazani
Plants of Eruca sativa from a desert population produce less vegetative biomass, flower earlier and possess higher density of trichomes than plants from a more mesic Mediterranean habitat. When eliciting plant defense mechanisms with methyl-jasmonate (MJ), trichome formation was exclusively enhanced in plants of the Mediterranean ecotype. To test the relative costs of defenses, ecologically-important traits were monitored in non-elicited plants of the two ecotypes and when defenses were induced by MJ. Opposing the expected tradeoffs of induced defense, MJ- elicitation significantly delayed bolting and flowering in plants of the desert ecotype but not in the Mediterranean ones. Moreover, MJ did not impose costs on fitness- related traits, i.e. fruit and seed production, nor differences between plants of the two ecotypes were found. It is suggested that early flowering in plants of the desert ecotype provide a mean to escape both the abiotic stressful environment as well herbivory, while induced defense in the Mediterranean ecotype was favored in habitats of more stressful biotic interactions. The results are discussed in light of the optimal defense theory and resource availability hypothesis.
{"title":"Testing the costs of defense against herbivores in ecotypes of Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae)","authors":"O. Barazani","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Plants of Eruca sativa from a desert population produce less vegetative biomass, flower earlier and possess higher density of trichomes than plants from a more mesic Mediterranean habitat. When eliciting plant defense mechanisms with methyl-jasmonate (MJ), trichome formation was exclusively enhanced in plants of the Mediterranean ecotype. To test the relative costs of defenses, ecologically-important traits were monitored in non-elicited plants of the two ecotypes and when defenses were induced by MJ. Opposing the expected tradeoffs of induced defense, MJ- elicitation significantly delayed bolting and flowering in plants of the desert ecotype but not in the Mediterranean ones. Moreover, MJ did not impose costs on fitness- related traits, i.e. fruit and seed production, nor differences between plants of the two ecotypes were found. It is suggested that early flowering in plants of the desert ecotype provide a mean to escape both the abiotic stressful environment as well herbivory, while induced defense in the Mediterranean ecotype was favored in habitats of more stressful biotic interactions. The results are discussed in light of the optimal defense theory and resource availability hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46747335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10067
S. Ulupınar, Hasan Maral, S. Özbay, Cebrail Gençoğlu, Ayşegül TÜRK BAYDIR, E. Sebin, K. Altınkaynak, N. F. Kishalı, E. Şiktar, İ. İnce, Y. Buzdağlı
Natural herbal products are widely used by athletes to reduce the immune suppression caused by intensive exercise. This study aimed to determine the effects of the essential oils Origanum dubium, Origanum vulgare subsp hirtum, and Lavandula angustifolia, which belong to the Lamiaceae family, on immune cells in athletes. Thirty-four trained men (age: , height: , body mass: ) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups or the control group. Leukocytes and their subgroups were measured before and after a 14-day essential oil intervention and following an intensive exercise session. The main findings indicated that essential oils isolated from O. dubium (; ; ; increase), O. vulgare subsp hirtum (; ; ; increase), and L. angustifolia (; ; ; increase) increased lymphocyte counts, thus maintaining baseline levels despite decreased post-exercise lymphocyte counts. Additionally, the post-exercise lymphocyte count was lower than that after the intervention (; ) but higher than at baseline (; ) in the O. vulgare subsp hirtum group. The lower post-exercise lymphocyte counts of the control group compared with those after the 14-day period (; ) and baseline (; ) supported the experimental group results. However, our findings revealed that essential oil interventions had no significant effect on neutrophil counts, but the intensive exercise intervention increased the neutrophil counts in all groups. No significant change was identified in the other subgroup counts following the essential oil intervention or post exercise. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that these plants, especially O. vulgare subsp hirtum, can be used to alleviate the immune suppressive effects of intense exercise in athletes.
{"title":"Effect of Origanum dubium, Origanum vulgare subsp hirtum, and Lavandula angustifolia essential oils on immune cells in athletes","authors":"S. Ulupınar, Hasan Maral, S. Özbay, Cebrail Gençoğlu, Ayşegül TÜRK BAYDIR, E. Sebin, K. Altınkaynak, N. F. Kishalı, E. Şiktar, İ. İnce, Y. Buzdağlı","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Natural herbal products are widely used by athletes to reduce the immune suppression caused by intensive exercise. This study aimed to determine the effects of the essential oils Origanum dubium, Origanum vulgare subsp hirtum, and Lavandula angustifolia, which belong to the Lamiaceae family, on immune cells in athletes. Thirty-four trained men (age: , height: , body mass: ) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups or the control group. Leukocytes and their subgroups were measured before and after a 14-day essential oil intervention and following an intensive exercise session. The main findings indicated that essential oils isolated from O. dubium (; ; ; increase), O. vulgare subsp hirtum (; ; ; increase), and L. angustifolia (; ; ; increase) increased lymphocyte counts, thus maintaining baseline levels despite decreased post-exercise lymphocyte counts. Additionally, the post-exercise lymphocyte count was lower than that after the intervention (; ) but higher than at baseline (; ) in the O. vulgare subsp hirtum group. The lower post-exercise lymphocyte counts of the control group compared with those after the 14-day period (; ) and baseline (; ) supported the experimental group results. However, our findings revealed that essential oil interventions had no significant effect on neutrophil counts, but the intensive exercise intervention increased the neutrophil counts in all groups. No significant change was identified in the other subgroup counts following the essential oil intervention or post exercise. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that these plants, especially O. vulgare subsp hirtum, can be used to alleviate the immune suppressive effects of intense exercise in athletes.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44612655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10001
Xu-Yang Liu, Wenxiao Ning, Zhen-Ting Wang
Desert shrubs are often planted to control wind erosion, land desertification, and desert expansion. Their motions of bending and vibration can absorb and disperse kinetic energy of wind, so as to protect the erodible surfaces close-by. According to continuum mechanics, the quantification of mechanical properties of shrubs is critical to understand their dynamic behaviors. In this study, the conventional tensile tests of six dominant desert shrub species’ stems mainly sampled in the Hobq Desert of China are performed. It is found that the tensile strength of Tamarix ramosissima and Hedysarum scoparium are larger than others, whereas Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides are more flexible. And then, it is theoretically and experimentally proved that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of these desert shrubs both decrease with the increase of diameter.
{"title":"Tensile properties of six desert shrub species in Hobq Desert, China","authors":"Xu-Yang Liu, Wenxiao Ning, Zhen-Ting Wang","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Desert shrubs are often planted to control wind erosion, land desertification, and desert expansion. Their motions of bending and vibration can absorb and disperse kinetic energy of wind, so as to protect the erodible surfaces close-by. According to continuum mechanics, the quantification of mechanical properties of shrubs is critical to understand their dynamic behaviors. In this study, the conventional tensile tests of six dominant desert shrub species’ stems mainly sampled in the Hobq Desert of China are performed. It is found that the tensile strength of Tamarix ramosissima and Hedysarum scoparium are larger than others, whereas Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides are more flexible. And then, it is theoretically and experimentally proved that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of these desert shrubs both decrease with the increase of diameter.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43134030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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