Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.31
Rami Raad Saadi, H. Al-Husseiny
Several illustrative studies on the mathematical modeling and analysis of the Coronavirus have been carried out in a short period of time. There is not enough work that accounts for the vaccination campaign's two stages. In this work, a mathematical model is created to show the impact of the recent two-stage vaccination treatment on the Coronavirus. In the proposed model, five compartments are constructed, namely the susceptible individuals , the first dose of vaccination , the second dose of vaccination , infected and recovered population . The uniqueness, boundedness and existence of the solutions of this model have been discussed. All potential model equilibrium points are determined. The local as well as global stability of the system in terms of the basic reproduction number is investigated. Numerical simulation is also carried out to investigate the influence of parameters affecting the dynamics of the model and to support the gathered analytical findings of the model.
{"title":"A Mathematical Modeling of the Vaccination Effect on the SARS-CoV-2 Transmission: Analysis and Simulation","authors":"Rami Raad Saadi, H. Al-Husseiny","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.31","url":null,"abstract":" Several illustrative studies on the mathematical modeling and analysis of the Coronavirus have been carried out in a short period of time. There is not enough work that accounts for the vaccination campaign's two stages. In this work, a mathematical model is created to show the impact of the recent two-stage vaccination treatment on the Coronavirus. In the proposed model, five compartments are constructed, namely the susceptible individuals , the first dose of vaccination , the second dose of vaccination , infected and recovered population . The uniqueness, boundedness and existence of the solutions of this model have been discussed. All potential model equilibrium points are determined. The local as well as global stability of the system in terms of the basic reproduction number is investigated. Numerical simulation is also carried out to investigate the influence of parameters affecting the dynamics of the model and to support the gathered analytical findings of the model.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"76 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.11
Istikrar Hade, Ahmed S. K. Al-Khafaji, F. Lafta
Globally, breast cancer is the common malignancy affecting women and understanding its associated molecular events could help in disease prevention and management strategies. The present study was set to investigate an association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms with breast cancer. For this purpose, 100 subjects were participated in this work, including 50 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer recruited from Oncology hospital, Baghdad - Iraq and 50 healthy women as a control group. The concentration of antioxidants was measured in the serums collected from blood samples of breast cancer patients and healthy controls. While eNOS SNPs (rs1799983, G894T and rs2070744, T 786C) were assessed using TaqMan SNP genotyping and utilising genomic DNA extracted from the participants. The results showed that the antioxidants levels were significantly (P˂0.0001) reduced in blood samples of breast cancer patients in comparison to that of that healthy controls (0.144± 0.097 and 0.587±0.239 respectively). Additionally, the homozygous GG genotype G894T (rs1799983) could retain beneficial impact for the protection from breast cancer potential. While SNP genotyping results showed that both of the homozygous CC and heterozygous TC genotypes (rs2070744 T >C SNP) seem to contribute to the susceptibility of breast cancer development in the investigated set of patients. Overall, the present study findings suggest an association between reduced antioxidant capacity and eNOS gene polymorphisms in breast carcinogenesis.
在全球范围内，乳腺癌是影响女性的常见恶性肿瘤，了解其相关的分子事件有助于制定疾病预防和管理策略。本研究旨在探讨总抗氧化能力（TAC）和内皮一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）多态性与乳腺癌的关系。为此，100 名受试者参与了这项研究，其中包括从伊拉克巴格达肿瘤医院招募的 50 名确诊为乳腺癌的女性患者，以及 50 名健康女性作为对照组。从乳腺癌患者和健康对照组血液样本中采集的血清中测量了抗氧化剂的浓度。而 eNOS SNPs（rs1799983，G894T 和 rs2070744，T 786C）则是利用 TaqMan SNP 基因分型技术和从参与者身上提取的基因组 DNA 进行评估的。结果显示，与健康对照组相比，乳腺癌患者血液样本中的抗氧化剂水平明显降低（P˂0.0001）（分别为 0.144±0.097 和 0.587±0.239）。此外，同源 GG 基因型 G894T（rs1799983）对乳腺癌的潜在保护仍有益处。SNP基因分型结果显示，同源CC基因型和杂合TC基因型（rs2070744 T >C SNP）似乎都会导致所调查的患者易患乳腺癌。总之，本研究结果表明，抗氧化能力降低与 eNOS 基因多态性在乳腺癌发生中存在关联。
{"title":"Involvement of Total Antioxidant Activity and eNOS Gene rs1799983/ rs2070744 Polymorphisms in Breast Carcinogenesis","authors":"Istikrar Hade, Ahmed S. K. Al-Khafaji, F. Lafta","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.11","url":null,"abstract":" Globally, breast cancer is the common malignancy affecting women and understanding its associated molecular events could help in disease prevention and management strategies. The present study was set to investigate an association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms with breast cancer. For this purpose, 100 subjects were participated in this work, including 50 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer recruited from Oncology hospital, Baghdad - Iraq and 50 healthy women as a control group. The concentration of antioxidants was measured in the serums collected from blood samples of breast cancer patients and healthy controls. While eNOS SNPs (rs1799983, G894T and rs2070744, T 786C) were assessed using TaqMan SNP genotyping and utilising genomic DNA extracted from the participants. The results showed that the antioxidants levels were significantly (P˂0.0001) reduced in blood samples of breast cancer patients in comparison to that of that healthy controls (0.144± 0.097 and 0.587±0.239 respectively). Additionally, the homozygous GG genotype G894T (rs1799983) could retain beneficial impact for the protection from breast cancer potential. While SNP genotyping results showed that both of the homozygous CC and heterozygous TC genotypes (rs2070744 T >C SNP) seem to contribute to the susceptibility of breast cancer development in the investigated set of patients. Overall, the present study findings suggest an association between reduced antioxidant capacity and eNOS gene polymorphisms in breast carcinogenesis.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.43
Hasanen S. Abdullah, Nada Hussain Ali, Nada A. Z. Abdullah
Deep learning (DL) plays a significant role in several tasks, especially classification and prediction. Classification tasks can be efficiently achieved via convolutional neural networks (CNN) with a huge dataset, while recurrent neural networks (RNN) can perform prediction tasks due to their ability to remember time series data. In this paper, three models have been proposed to certify the evaluation track for classification and prediction tasks associated with four datasets (two for each task). These models are CNN and RNN, which include two models (Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit). Each model is employed to work consequently over the two mentioned tasks to draw a road map of deep learning models for a variety of tasks under the control of a unified architecture for each proposed model.
{"title":"Evaluating the Performance and Behavior of CNN, LSTM, and GRU for Classification and Prediction Tasks","authors":"Hasanen S. Abdullah, Nada Hussain Ali, Nada A. Z. Abdullah","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.43","url":null,"abstract":" Deep learning (DL) plays a significant role in several tasks, especially classification and prediction. Classification tasks can be efficiently achieved via convolutional neural networks (CNN) with a huge dataset, while recurrent neural networks (RNN) can perform prediction tasks due to their ability to remember time series data. In this paper, three models have been proposed to certify the evaluation track for classification and prediction tasks associated with four datasets (two for each task). These models are CNN and RNN, which include two models (Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit). Each model is employed to work consequently over the two mentioned tasks to draw a road map of deep learning models for a variety of tasks under the control of a unified architecture for each proposed model.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"53 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.23
Abdul Samad Ibrahim Hussein, B. Al-Asadi
The aim of this paper is to define new concepts, namely a homogenous system of difference equations x(n+1)=Bx(n) where B is a matrix of real numbers, which is called P-semi homogenous of order m if there exists a non-zero matrix A and integer number m such that the following equation holds: F (A(c)x(n))= 〖P(A(c))〗^m F(x(n)), Where F is a function, m and P are integer numbers and c is a real number. This definition is a generalization to the (3×3)-semi-homogeneous system of difference equations of order m. Special cases are studied of this definition and illustrative examples are given and some characterizations of this definition are also given. The necessary and sufficient conditions for a homogenous system of difference Equations to be P-semi homogenous of order one or greater than one as well as some examples and theorems about there are given.
本文旨在定义新概念，即同质差分方程组 x(n+1)=Bx(n) （其中 B 是实数矩阵），如果存在非零矩阵 A 和整数 m，且下式成立，则该同质差分方程组称为阶数为 m 的 P 半同质差分方程组：F (A(c)x(n))=〖P(A(c))〗^m F(x(n))，其中 F 是函数，m 和 P 是整数，c 是实数。该定义是对 m 阶差分方程的 (3×3)-semi-homogeneous 系统的概括，研究了该定义的特例，并给出了示例，还给出了该定义的一些特征。给出了阶数为 1 或大于 1 的同质差分方程组是 P 半同质的必要条件和充分条件，以及有关的一些例子和定理。
{"title":"Characterization of P-Semi Homogeneous System of Difference Equations of Three dimension","authors":"Abdul Samad Ibrahim Hussein, B. Al-Asadi","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.23","url":null,"abstract":" The aim of this paper is to define new concepts, namely a homogenous system of difference equations x(n+1)=Bx(n) where B is a matrix of real numbers, which is called P-semi homogenous of order m if there exists a non-zero matrix A and integer number m such that the following equation holds: F (A(c)x(n))= 〖P(A(c))〗^m F(x(n)), Where F is a function, m and P are integer numbers and c is a real number. This definition is a generalization to the (3×3)-semi-homogeneous system of difference equations of order m. Special cases are studied of this definition and illustrative examples are given and some characterizations of this definition are also given. The necessary and sufficient conditions for a homogenous system of difference Equations to be P-semi homogenous of order one or greater than one as well as some examples and theorems about there are given.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.8
Noor A.H. Alharbawee, Ahmed Jasim Mohammed
Factor and cluster analysis, two multivariate statistical approaches, have been used to analyze temporal and spatial variations and pollutants sources effecting the water quality of Tigris River from the north to the south of Baghdad city. From October 2021 to September 2022, 15 water quality parameters (electrical conductivity (EC), pH, water temperature (WT), turbidity (Tur), total hardness (TH), biochemical Ooxygen Ddemand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), Mg+, Ca+, SO4, dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total chlorine (TC), Cr, and Al) were tested at five monitoring sites (Balad, Al-Ghrai’at, Al-Shuhada'a Bridge, Al-Za’franiya, and Jisr Diyala), along the study area of the river. Results revealed that the major factor that affects the water quality in the study area is the anthropogenic factor. Spatial cluster analysis of the monitoring sites revealed three different groups that were compared to one another where each site suggested a different degree of contamination in the Tigris river water quality.
{"title":"Water Quality Assessment of Tigris River Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques","authors":"Noor A.H. Alharbawee, Ahmed Jasim Mohammed","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.8","url":null,"abstract":" Factor and cluster analysis, two multivariate statistical approaches, have been used to analyze temporal and spatial variations and pollutants sources effecting the water quality of Tigris River from the north to the south of Baghdad city. From October 2021 to September 2022, 15 water quality parameters (electrical conductivity (EC), pH, water temperature (WT), turbidity (Tur), total hardness (TH), biochemical Ooxygen Ddemand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), Mg+, Ca+, SO4, dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total chlorine (TC), Cr, and Al) were tested at five monitoring sites (Balad, Al-Ghrai’at, Al-Shuhada'a Bridge, Al-Za’franiya, and Jisr Diyala), along the study area of the river. Results revealed that the major factor that affects the water quality in the study area is the anthropogenic factor. Spatial cluster analysis of the monitoring sites revealed three different groups that were compared to one another where each site suggested a different degree of contamination in the Tigris river water quality.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.36
Razieyeh Abedi, Kheirolah Rahsepar Frad
Since the pandemic of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019, it has rapidly become a major global health concern. Various mutations and rapid spread of the virus, a lack of specific treatment, and limited hospital facilities highlight the importance of anticipation, risk analysis, and timely treatment. The use of mathematical models, artificial intelligence, and simulation methods are effective tools in predicting the spread and providing effective solutions to prevent virus transmission. Analysis and forecasting require an integrated model to cover different aspects of the problem and use different methods to obtain appropriate results. In this research, a proposed model for analysis and prediction of COVID-19 cases in Iran and neighboring countries is presented. The performance of mathematical and deep learning models in the proposed model has been evaluated using data from Johns Hopkins University from January 29, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Evaluation of the predictive outcomes of daily cases was performed using RMSE criteria. Then, the effect of the trend of cases in neighboring countries of Iran on the rate of new cases in this country has been studied. These models can help governments predict the number of infections to provide the necessary solutions and prevent a new wave of the virus.
{"title":"An Analytic Model for COVID-19 Cases in Iran and Its Neighbors Using Deep Learning and Time Series Methods","authors":"Razieyeh Abedi, Kheirolah Rahsepar Frad","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.36","url":null,"abstract":" Since the pandemic of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019, it has rapidly become a major global health concern. Various mutations and rapid spread of the virus, a lack of specific treatment, and limited hospital facilities highlight the importance of anticipation, risk analysis, and timely treatment. The use of mathematical models, artificial intelligence, and simulation methods are effective tools in predicting the spread and providing effective solutions to prevent virus transmission. Analysis and forecasting require an integrated model to cover different aspects of the problem and use different methods to obtain appropriate results.\u0000 In this research, a proposed model for analysis and prediction of COVID-19 cases in Iran and neighboring countries is presented. The performance of mathematical and deep learning models in the proposed model has been evaluated using data from Johns Hopkins University from January 29, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Evaluation of the predictive outcomes of daily cases was performed using RMSE criteria. Then, the effect of the trend of cases in neighboring countries of Iran on the rate of new cases in this country has been studied. These models can help governments predict the number of infections to provide the necessary solutions and prevent a new wave of the virus.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.12
Hayfaa Rajab Alwan, S. Dahham, Ahmed Hussein Dhayea, Mohammad Nadhir Maaroof
Shigella infection strains producing shiga toxin results in bloody diarrheais a dangerous symptom in children under five years of age that can even lead to death. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate Shigella strains producing shiga toxin from 150 samples which were taken from bloody stool of children under the five years of age. They were suffering from the diarrhea during the period from March 2021 to March 2022 in Tikrit city, Iraq. The results showed the possibility to isolate six isolates of Shigella sonnei at ratio 4% of the total samples. The isolates producing shiga toxin were identified by using stx1 gene. The results showed two isolates of Shigella possessing stx1 gene, at ratio 33.33 of total S. sonnei strains. The two isolates producing shiga toxin have been submitted to NCBI, then accepted as Iraqi strains in NCBI under the registration numbers OK127759.1 and OK127760.1. The Iraqi strains registered in NCBI showed agreement with a global strain of 99-100% that were recorded by registration numbers in Malaysia (CP060117.1), China (CP000038.1), United Kingdom (CP066810.1), Hungary (CP019689.1), Somalia (CP023645.1), Spain (CP022672.1), Italy (CP035008.1), India (CP041322.1), Australia (CP045932.1), Nigeria (CP046286.1), Switzerland (CP049183.1), USA (CP053751.1) and South Korea (CP055292.1). As for the sensitivity test, the results showed that the strain OK127759.1 was resistant to antibiotics azithromycin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, augmentin and tetracycline. And it was sensitive to gentamicin and intermediately sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid. As for the strain OK127760.1, the results showed his strain was intermediately sensitive to gentamicin and resistant to the other antibiotics which were used in the test. ZnO-NPs with a concentration of 200 μg/ml showed the highest inhibitory effectiveness against S. sonnei strains OK127759.1 and OK127760.1 with inhibition diameter of 22 mm and 21 mm respectively.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Shigella SonneiProducing Shiga Toxin from Children with Bloody Diarrhea and Evaluation of the Inhibition Effectiveness of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"Hayfaa Rajab Alwan, S. Dahham, Ahmed Hussein Dhayea, Mohammad Nadhir Maaroof","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.12","url":null,"abstract":" Shigella infection strains producing shiga toxin results in bloody diarrheais a dangerous symptom in children under five years of age that can even lead to death. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate Shigella strains producing shiga toxin from 150 samples which were taken from bloody stool of children under the five years of age. They were suffering from the diarrhea during the period from March 2021 to March 2022 in Tikrit city, Iraq. The results showed the possibility to isolate six isolates of Shigella sonnei at ratio 4% of the total samples. The isolates producing shiga toxin were identified by using stx1 gene. The results showed two isolates of Shigella possessing stx1 gene, at ratio 33.33 of total S. sonnei strains. The two isolates producing shiga toxin have been submitted to NCBI, then accepted as Iraqi strains in NCBI under the registration numbers OK127759.1 and OK127760.1. The Iraqi strains registered in NCBI showed agreement with a global strain of 99-100% that were recorded by registration numbers in Malaysia (CP060117.1), China (CP000038.1), United Kingdom (CP066810.1), Hungary (CP019689.1), Somalia (CP023645.1), Spain (CP022672.1), Italy (CP035008.1), India (CP041322.1), Australia (CP045932.1), Nigeria (CP046286.1), Switzerland (CP049183.1), USA (CP053751.1) and South Korea (CP055292.1). As for the sensitivity test, the results showed that the strain OK127759.1 was resistant to antibiotics azithromycin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, augmentin and tetracycline. And it was sensitive to gentamicin and intermediately sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid. As for the strain OK127760.1, the results showed his strain was intermediately sensitive to gentamicin and resistant to the other antibiotics which were used in the test. ZnO-NPs with a concentration of 200 μg/ml showed the highest inhibitory effectiveness against S. sonnei strains OK127759.1 and OK127760.1 with inhibition diameter of 22 mm and 21 mm respectively.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.44
Zina Fadel Kahdim, Kamal M. Abood
Many of the radio telescope's wireless sensor networks operate outdoors, where changing weather might impact their system performance. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the climatic and topographic factors that affect the quality of the radio link to mitigate its impact and adapt to different conditions. In this study, the effects of the region's topography and climate on the strength of the radio signal were studied. Besides studying the effects of the soil of the area and land flatness on determining the optimal location for erecting a radio telescope in Iraq within four governorates (Nineveh, AL-Anbar, Al-Najaf, and Al-Muthanna). Data from relevant ministries and a digital map dataset for the area's topography with dimensions of 4 km x 6 km were used. The obtained results, via applying the SWOT model, showed that the best Iraqi area for erecting a radio telescope (LOFAR) among the selected regions according to the atmospheric parameters, such as air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, and other conditions such as transportation, the security component, number of buildings, population, and communication towers was Al- Muthanna governorate. It is considered the best radio zone for observing radio signals.
射电望远镜的许多无线传感器网络都在户外运行，不断变化的天气可能会影响其系统性能。因此，有必要探索影响无线电链路质量的气候和地形因素，以减轻其影响并适应不同的条件。在这项研究中，研究了该地区的地形和气候对无线电信号强度的影响。除了研究该地区的土壤和土地平整度对确定在伊拉克四个省（尼尼微省、安巴尔省、纳杰夫省和穆萨纳省）内架设射电望远镜的最佳位置的影响之外，还研究了该地区的地形和气候对射电信号强度的影响。使用了相关部委提供的数据和该地区地形数字地图数据集（尺寸为 4 千米 x 6 千米）。应用 SWOT 模型得出的结果表明，根据大气参数（如气温、相对湿度和风速）以及其他条件（如交通、安全因素、建筑物数量、人口和通信塔），在所选地区中最适合安装射电望远镜（LOFAR）的伊拉克地区是穆萨纳省。该地区被认为是观测无线电信号的最佳无线电区域。
{"title":"Verifying the Best Iraqi Area to Install a LOFAR Radio Telescope Using SWOT Model","authors":"Zina Fadel Kahdim, Kamal M. Abood","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.44","url":null,"abstract":" Many of the radio telescope's wireless sensor networks operate outdoors, where changing weather might impact their system performance. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the climatic and topographic factors that affect the quality of the radio link to mitigate its impact and adapt to different conditions. In this study, the effects of the region's topography and climate on the strength of the radio signal were studied. Besides studying the effects of the soil of the area and land flatness on determining the optimal location for erecting a radio telescope in Iraq within four governorates (Nineveh, AL-Anbar, Al-Najaf, and Al-Muthanna). Data from relevant ministries and a digital map dataset for the area's topography with dimensions of 4 km x 6 km were used. The obtained results, via applying the SWOT model, showed that the best Iraqi area for erecting a radio telescope (LOFAR) among the selected regions according to the atmospheric parameters, such as air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, and other conditions such as transportation, the security component, number of buildings, population, and communication towers was Al- Muthanna governorate. It is considered the best radio zone for observing radio signals.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.21
Yousif T. Habeeb, Kamal K. Ali
The current study included interpretations of the three-dimensional seismic Data for the Nasiriya oil field implemented by the Oil exploration company in 2010 with a planned surface coverage area of 1273 km². The Nasiriyah field is located in southern Iraq within the Dhi Qar Governorate, about (10) km northwest of the governorate center (Nasiriyah), and the Muthanna governorate is located in the northwestern part of the field, which is approximately (15) km west of the governorate center (Samawah). The information from the wells (well velocity survey, formation depths, logs) was relied upon and entered into the seismic cube data to capture the top of the Mishrif Formation. In addition is to pick the top of the Rumaila Formation, which represents the bottom of the Mishrif Formation. The top and bottom Mishrif reflectors were picked, interpreted, and tracked within the region. The reflector's two-way time (TWT), velocity, and depth maps showed structural closure features in the center of the area, and the general direction of the closure is thenorthwest–southeast. The structural maps showed a general tendency towards the northeast. The isopach map showed that the thickness values of the Mishrif Formation increased to the west and northwest while the thickness decreased toward the east and southeast.
{"title":"Isopach Map of Mishrif Formation in Nasiriya Oil Field by Using 3D Seismic Data","authors":"Yousif T. Habeeb, Kamal K. Ali","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.21","url":null,"abstract":" The current study included interpretations of the three-dimensional seismic Data for the Nasiriya oil field implemented by the Oil exploration company in 2010 with a planned surface coverage area of 1273 km². The Nasiriyah field is located in southern Iraq within the Dhi Qar Governorate, about (10) km northwest of the governorate center (Nasiriyah), and the Muthanna governorate is located in the northwestern part of the field, which is approximately (15) km west of the governorate center (Samawah). The information from the wells (well velocity survey, formation depths, logs) was relied upon and entered into the seismic cube data to capture the top of the Mishrif Formation. In addition is to pick the top of the Rumaila Formation, which represents the bottom of the Mishrif Formation. The top and bottom Mishrif reflectors were picked, interpreted, and tracked within the region. The reflector's two-way time (TWT), velocity, and depth maps showed structural closure features in the center of the area, and the general direction of the closure is thenorthwest–southeast. The structural maps showed a general tendency towards the northeast. The isopach map showed that the thickness values of the Mishrif Formation increased to the west and northwest while the thickness decreased toward the east and southeast.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.38
Hiba M. Yousif, Sarab M. Hameed
Increasingly, the availability of personal genomic data in cloud servers hosted by hospitals and research centers has incentivized researchers to turn to research that deals with analyzing genomic data. This is due to its importance in detecting diseases caused by genetic mutations, detecting genes that carry genetic diseases, and attempting to treat them in future generations. Secure query execution on encrypted data is considered an active research area in which encryption is used to ensure the confidentiality of genomic data while restricting the ability to process such data without first decrypting it. To provide a secure framework and future insight into the potential contributions of homomorphic encryption to the field of genomic data, this paper proposes a framework for guaranteeing genomic data privacy using various partial homomorphic encryption techniques. By examining the characteristics of the three partial homomorphic encryptions based on different parameters. The framework has been online tested and compared based on different parameters. Three homomorphic encryption algorithms were adopted to ensure genomic data privacy by employing homomorphic operations in the query matching process. Experiments on real datasets, specifically MERS and SARSr-COV, showed that the proposed framework is efficient and improves query execution time by an average of 96% compared to existing work.
越来越多的个人基因组数据可以从医院和研究中心托管的云服务器中获取，这促使研究人员转向分析基因组数据的研究。这是因为基因组数据在检测基因突变引起的疾病、检测携带遗传疾病的基因以及试图为后代治疗这些疾病方面非常重要。 在加密数据上安全执行查询被认为是一个活跃的研究领域，在这个领域中，加密被用来确保基因组数据的机密性，同时限制在未解密的情况下处理这些数据的能力。为了提供一个安全的框架并深入了解同态加密对基因组数据领域的潜在贡献，本文提出了一个使用各种部分同态加密技术保证基因组数据隐私的框架。通过研究基于不同参数的三种部分同态加密技术的特点。根据不同参数对该框架进行了在线测试和比较。采用三种同态加密算法，通过在查询匹配过程中使用同态操作来确保基因组数据隐私。在真实数据集（特别是 MERS 和 SARSr-COV）上进行的实验表明，所提出的框架非常高效，与现有工作相比，查询执行时间平均缩短了 96%。
{"title":"Preserving Genotype Privacy Using AES and Partially Homomorphic Encryption","authors":"Hiba M. Yousif, Sarab M. Hameed","doi":"10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.3.38","url":null,"abstract":" Increasingly, the availability of personal genomic data in cloud servers hosted by hospitals and research centers has incentivized researchers to turn to research that deals with analyzing genomic data. This is due to its importance in detecting diseases caused by genetic mutations, detecting genes that carry genetic diseases, and attempting to treat them in future generations. Secure query execution on encrypted data is considered an active research area in which encryption is used to ensure the confidentiality of genomic data while restricting the ability to process such data without first decrypting it. To provide a secure framework and future insight into the potential contributions of homomorphic encryption to the field of genomic data, this paper proposes a framework for guaranteeing genomic data privacy using various partial homomorphic encryption techniques. By examining the characteristics of the three partial homomorphic encryptions based on different parameters. The framework has been online tested and compared based on different parameters. Three homomorphic encryption algorithms were adopted to ensure genomic data privacy by employing homomorphic operations in the query matching process. Experiments on real datasets, specifically MERS and SARSr-COV, showed that the proposed framework is efficient and improves query execution time by an average of 96% compared to existing work.","PeriodicalId":14698,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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