Increasing numbers of drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSAs) have been reported recently and have become a social concern. In DFSAs, biological specimens (urine, blood, and hair) are analyzed to prove the victim's drug exposure, which can lead to proof of the sexual crime. Hair is the only specimen that can provide ˆrm evidence of drug ingestion in cases of long delays (more than a week) in reporting the crime. Furthermore, detailed sectional hair analysis of a single hair strand enables to estimate the victim's drug-use history (date and amount of intake). Several recent studies have demonstrated high-sensitivity methods using mass spectrometry to detect sub-pg/mg concentrations of hypnotics in hair, and additionally illustrated the incorporation pathways of drugs and detailed distribution patterns in the hair after intake. Based on these ˆndings, hair testing for hypnotics has been put to practical applications since 2016. In this paper, we review the practical concepts and usefulness of hair testing for hypnotics while introducing the current situation of DFSAs.
{"title":"Hair testing for hypnotics in drug-facilitated sexual assault","authors":"N. Shima, M. Katagi","doi":"10.3408/jafst.r022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.r022","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing numbers of drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSAs) have been reported recently and have become a social concern. In DFSAs, biological specimens (urine, blood, and hair) are analyzed to prove the victim's drug exposure, which can lead to proof of the sexual crime. Hair is the only specimen that can provide ˆrm evidence of drug ingestion in cases of long delays (more than a week) in reporting the crime. Furthermore, detailed sectional hair analysis of a single hair strand enables to estimate the victim's drug-use history (date and amount of intake). Several recent studies have demonstrated high-sensitivity methods using mass spectrometry to detect sub-pg/mg concentrations of hypnotics in hair, and additionally illustrated the incorporation pathways of drugs and detailed distribution patterns in the hair after intake. Based on these ˆndings, hair testing for hypnotics has been put to practical applications since 2016. In this paper, we review the practical concepts and usefulness of hair testing for hypnotics while introducing the current situation of DFSAs.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89905264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and demonstration of cannabis DNA detection kit using DNA chromatography chip","authors":"Tadashi Yamamuro, M. Shigehiko, Naoki Tachiiri, Ayumu Ishii, S. Matsuta, Y. Iwata, Hiroki Segawa, K. Kuwayama, K. Tsujikawa, T. Kanamori, H. Inoue","doi":"10.3408/jafst.786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.786","url":null,"abstract":"1National Research Institute of Police Science 631, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770882, Japan 2Kaneka Corporation 18, Miyamaemachi, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo 6768688, Japan 3Forensic Science Laboratory, Miyagi Prefectural Police H.Q. 31, Tsukazaki, Morigo, Rifu-cho, Miyagi-gun, Miyagi 9810103, Japan 4Scientiˆc Crime Laboratory, Kanagawa Prefectural Police H.Q. 1551, Yamashita-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2310023, Japan 5Forensic Science Laboratory, Osaka Prefectural Police H.Q. 1318, Hommachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 5410053, Japan","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"306 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76336466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hirofumi Nohara, Ikuko Maeda, Rinnosuke Hisazumi, T. Uchiyama, H. Hirashima, Masahito Nakata, R. Ohno, Tetsuro Hasegawa, K. Shimizu
Many unidentiˆed bodies are expected to be discovered during a major disaster. Therefore it is necessary to establish a technique of identity estimation from the DNA of the dead person. Y-STR haplotype is genetically same among male relatives unless a genetical mutation occurs, and it is expected that the same Y-STR haplotype tends to be distributed in nearby residential areas. In this study, we analyzed Y-STR haplotypes and Y-haplogroups from 1,702 samples mainly collected from Miyazaki Prefecture to examine whether the geographic origin can be estimated. Yhaplogroup tended to be distributed diŠerently between inside and outside of Miyazaki Prefecture. Some speciˆc Y-STR haplotypes were intensively distributed in the southern and northern parts of Miyazaki Prefecture. These ˆndings are thought to lead to the construction of a geographic origin estimation system in Miyazaki Prefecture, and are expected to be used in disaster victim identiˆcations and criminal investigations in the future.
{"title":"Geographic distribution of Y-STR haplotypes and Y-haplogroups among Miyazaki Prefecture residents","authors":"Hirofumi Nohara, Ikuko Maeda, Rinnosuke Hisazumi, T. Uchiyama, H. Hirashima, Masahito Nakata, R. Ohno, Tetsuro Hasegawa, K. Shimizu","doi":"10.3408/jafst.778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.778","url":null,"abstract":"Many unidentiˆed bodies are expected to be discovered during a major disaster. Therefore it is necessary to establish a technique of identity estimation from the DNA of the dead person. Y-STR haplotype is genetically same among male relatives unless a genetical mutation occurs, and it is expected that the same Y-STR haplotype tends to be distributed in nearby residential areas. In this study, we analyzed Y-STR haplotypes and Y-haplogroups from 1,702 samples mainly collected from Miyazaki Prefecture to examine whether the geographic origin can be estimated. Yhaplogroup tended to be distributed diŠerently between inside and outside of Miyazaki Prefecture. Some speciˆc Y-STR haplotypes were intensively distributed in the southern and northern parts of Miyazaki Prefecture. These ˆndings are thought to lead to the construction of a geographic origin estimation system in Miyazaki Prefecture, and are expected to be used in disaster victim identiˆcations and criminal investigations in the future.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77350298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-destructive discrimination of white paper sheets of 9 diŠerent notepads was tried by analyzing the color of the images. All of the paper sheets of these notepads were scanned to obtain re‰ection, transmission, and ‰uorescence images using the scanner with multiple light sources. The scanning condition was 300 ppi and 24 bit RGB color, namely 256 gradations. We examined the brightness values of the R, G, and B channels in the width of 640 pixels and the height of 1020 pixels, a card size, from each of the obtained three images. Since the brightness values were uneven within one paper, the most frequent values of those were used for comparison of the notepads. The most frequent values were nine kinds for one paper because each of the obtained three images had three channels. The most frequent values had values with a range in one notepad. There-fore, those ranges were nine kinds for one notepad. As a result, comparing nine ranges of the most frequent values of one notepad with other notepads, 9 diŠerent notepads could be discriminated from each other by some of nine ranges. study indicates that the image analysis using the most frequent values of the brightness values is useful for non-destructive discrimination of white paper sheets in forensic science.
{"title":"Non-destructive discrimination of white papers by the most frequent brightness value of images","authors":"Keiko Matsunaga, M. Shimoyama","doi":"10.3408/JAFST.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JAFST.799","url":null,"abstract":"Non-destructive discrimination of white paper sheets of 9 diŠerent notepads was tried by analyzing the color of the images. All of the paper sheets of these notepads were scanned to obtain re‰ection, transmission, and ‰uorescence images using the scanner with multiple light sources. The scanning condition was 300 ppi and 24 bit RGB color, namely 256 gradations. We examined the brightness values of the R, G, and B channels in the width of 640 pixels and the height of 1020 pixels, a card size, from each of the obtained three images. Since the brightness values were uneven within one paper, the most frequent values of those were used for comparison of the notepads. The most frequent values were nine kinds for one paper because each of the obtained three images had three channels. The most frequent values had values with a range in one notepad. There-fore, those ranges were nine kinds for one notepad. As a result, comparing nine ranges of the most frequent values of one notepad with other notepads, 9 diŠerent notepads could be discriminated from each other by some of nine ranges. study indicates that the image analysis using the most frequent values of the brightness values is useful for non-destructive discrimination of white paper sheets in forensic science.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72867223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Misato Wada, H. Kamata, N. Shima, Akari Ishikawa, Ryutaro Asai, Atsushi Nitta, Hidenao Kakehashi, Shihoko Nakano-Fujii, S. Matsuta, K. Sasaki, Tooru Kamata, H. Nishioka, A. Miki, Tasuku Murata, K. Ogata, H. Tsuchihashi, M. Katagi
coexisting additives like surfactants or lactose were detected with high sensitivity in-dicating that the tested beverage had been adulterated by a foreign substance. Back-ground subtraction of the reference beverage mass spectra from those of the samples also enabled clearer and more reliable determination of the adulterants. The present-ed PESI MS method enables accurate screening in two minutes per sample with only a very simple pretreatment, applicable for large-scale screening of adulterants in foods and beverages. This method can serve as an extremely eŠective screening tool in combination with conˆrmatory instrumental analysis methods for identifying foreign
{"title":"Application of probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to the analysis of poisons and drugs in adulterated foods and beverages","authors":"Misato Wada, H. Kamata, N. Shima, Akari Ishikawa, Ryutaro Asai, Atsushi Nitta, Hidenao Kakehashi, Shihoko Nakano-Fujii, S. Matsuta, K. Sasaki, Tooru Kamata, H. Nishioka, A. Miki, Tasuku Murata, K. Ogata, H. Tsuchihashi, M. Katagi","doi":"10.3408/jafst.782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.782","url":null,"abstract":"coexisting additives like surfactants or lactose were detected with high sensitivity in-dicating that the tested beverage had been adulterated by a foreign substance. Back-ground subtraction of the reference beverage mass spectra from those of the samples also enabled clearer and more reliable determination of the adulterants. The present-ed PESI MS method enables accurate screening in two minutes per sample with only a very simple pretreatment, applicable for large-scale screening of adulterants in foods and beverages. This method can serve as an extremely eŠective screening tool in combination with conˆrmatory instrumental analysis methods for identifying foreign","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80049714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takao Hagiwara, I. Matsuoka, M. Nakagawa, Toshikazu Ichikawa, Katsuhiro Okamoto, M. Honma, M. Kasamatsu, Yasuhiro Suzuki
STAGE DOI: 10.3408 / jafst.781 ) We investigated the burning properties of commonly used wooden panel ‰ooring, carpet on ‰ooring and styrofoam tatami, which were burned with liquid fuel gasoline or kerosene. We also conˆrmed how long detector tubes are able to detect ignitable liquid on the
{"title":"Petroleum-based liquid fuel soaking and burning properties on various floors, detectable period of detector tube for liquid fuel from fire debris","authors":"Takao Hagiwara, I. Matsuoka, M. Nakagawa, Toshikazu Ichikawa, Katsuhiro Okamoto, M. Honma, M. Kasamatsu, Yasuhiro Suzuki","doi":"10.3408/jafst.781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.781","url":null,"abstract":" STAGE DOI: 10.3408 / jafst.781 ) We investigated the burning properties of commonly used wooden panel ‰ooring, carpet on ‰ooring and styrofoam tatami, which were burned with liquid fuel gasoline or kerosene. We also conˆrmed how long detector tubes are able to detect ignitable liquid on the","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85461434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DOI: 10.3408 / jafst.814 ) Species identiˆcation of botanical and fungal evidences oŠer beneˆcial infor-mation in crime investigation. As these biological species are highly diverse and complex, their DNA sequence analysis is eŠective in the ˆeld of forensic science. In this study, the internal transcribed spacer ( ITS ) region on the ribosomal DNA of plant and fungal samples was examined as a targeting locus. For 30 plant and 9 fungal samples, direct sequencing was performed for both ITS1 and ITS2 region using modiˆed universal primers and M13 tag primers. Each resulting sequence was eval-uated by a nucleotide BLAST homology search. The top hits for sequence homology against each sample matched the actual species with almost 100 identity. However, homology search does not always result in sequence similarity / identity among closely-related species; therefore, results of homology
{"title":"Forensic identification of internal transcribed spacer region-targeting plant and fungal species by direct sequencing","authors":"Yukinobu Kutsuwada","doi":"10.3408/jafst.814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.814","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.3408 / jafst.814 ) Species identiˆcation of botanical and fungal evidences oŠer beneˆcial infor-mation in crime investigation. As these biological species are highly diverse and complex, their DNA sequence analysis is eŠective in the ˆeld of forensic science. In this study, the internal transcribed spacer ( ITS ) region on the ribosomal DNA of plant and fungal samples was examined as a targeting locus. For 30 plant and 9 fungal samples, direct sequencing was performed for both ITS1 and ITS2 region using modiˆed universal primers and M13 tag primers. Each resulting sequence was eval-uated by a nucleotide BLAST homology search. The top hits for sequence homology against each sample matched the actual species with almost 100 identity. However, homology search does not always result in sequence similarity / identity among closely-related species; therefore, results of homology","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91369914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yano, Shota Sumi, Takuya Nishisako, H. Miyaguchi, Akinori Yamaguchi, Mai Otsuka, Yuko Kazui, T. Ohmori, Tokita Kenichi, Soichiro Yamamoto, Higashiyama Hisamitsu
{"title":"Evaluation of the MX908 portable mass spectrometer for the detection of chemical warfare agents","authors":"K. Yano, Shota Sumi, Takuya Nishisako, H. Miyaguchi, Akinori Yamaguchi, Mai Otsuka, Yuko Kazui, T. Ohmori, Tokita Kenichi, Soichiro Yamamoto, Higashiyama Hisamitsu","doi":"10.3408/jafst.816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.816","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76413345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
STAGE DOI: 10.3408 / jafst.790 ) Saliva is often left at crime scenes and its identiˆcation can prove useful in in-vestigating criminal cases such as sexual assault. In this study, we developed a rever-se-transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) procedure for detection of STATH and HTN3 as markers characteristic of saliva, using the QuantStudio 5 real-time PCR system ( QS5 ) . Discrimination criteria were then proposed and evaluated on the speciˆcity, sensitivity, and applicability to forensic casework. The assay per-formance of QS5 was nearly identical to that of the SmartCycler II system ( SCII ) , which has been discontinued. Our proposed cutoŠ cycle quantiˆcation ( Cq ) values for the positive detection of saliva were Cq ＜ 40, 38, and 40 for ACTB , STATH , and HTN3 , respectively. The cutoŠ D Cq value for STATH was also set at 12. When the proposed criteria were applied, the developed procedure showed higher speciˆcity for saliva compared with conventional presumptive or conˆrmatory tests. Detection sensitivity was comparable to that of SCII but lower than that of a -amylase activity-based presumptive tests. An evaluation was then made using saliva samples under various storage conditions though Cq and D Cq values were drastically changed. In conclusion, the developed RT-PCR procedure has higher speciˆcity and lower sensitivity for saliva, suggesting its potential eŠectiveness for more precisely identifying saliva when performed in conjunction with current presumptive and conˆrmative saliva tests.
阶段DOI: 10.3408 / jafst。唾液经常被留在犯罪现场，它的鉴定在调查诸如性侵犯之类的刑事案件中是有用的。在本研究中，我们开发了一种逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法，利用QuantStudio 5实时荧光定量PCR系统(QS5)检测唾液中STATH和HTN3标记物。然后提出了歧视标准，并对其在法医案件工作中的特殊性、敏感性和适用性进行了评估。QS5的检测性能几乎与已经停产的SmartCycler II系统(SCII)相同。我们提出的唾液中ACTB、STATH和HTN3阳性检测的cutoŠ循环定量阳离子(Cq)值分别为Cq < 40、38和40。STATH的cutoŠ D Cq值也设置为12。当应用建议的标准时，与传统的推定或验证性测试相比，开发的程序显示出更高的唾液特异性。检测灵敏度与SCII相当，但低于基于-淀粉酶活性的推定测试。然后用不同储存条件下的唾液样本进行评估，尽管Cq和dcq值发生了巨大变化。总之，所开发的RT-PCR程序对唾液具有较高的特异性和较低的敏感性，这表明当与当前的推定和推定唾液测试结合使用时，其潜力eŠectiveness可以更精确地识别唾液。
{"title":"Development and practical evaluation of an RT-PCR procedure using a real-time PCR instrument for saliva identification","authors":"T. Akutsu, Ken Watanabe, Kochi Toyomane","doi":"10.3408/jafst.790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.790","url":null,"abstract":" STAGE DOI: 10.3408 / jafst.790 ) Saliva is often left at crime scenes and its identiˆcation can prove useful in in-vestigating criminal cases such as sexual assault. In this study, we developed a rever-se-transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) procedure for detection of STATH and HTN3 as markers characteristic of saliva, using the QuantStudio 5 real-time PCR system ( QS5 ) . Discrimination criteria were then proposed and evaluated on the speciˆcity, sensitivity, and applicability to forensic casework. The assay per-formance of QS5 was nearly identical to that of the SmartCycler II system ( SCII ) , which has been discontinued. Our proposed cutoŠ cycle quantiˆcation ( Cq ) values for the positive detection of saliva were Cq ＜ 40, 38, and 40 for ACTB , STATH , and HTN3 , respectively. The cutoŠ D Cq value for STATH was also set at 12. When the proposed criteria were applied, the developed procedure showed higher speciˆcity for saliva compared with conventional presumptive or conˆrmatory tests. Detection sensitivity was comparable to that of SCII but lower than that of a -amylase activity-based presumptive tests. An evaluation was then made using saliva samples under various storage conditions though Cq and D Cq values were drastically changed. In conclusion, the developed RT-PCR procedure has higher speciˆcity and lower sensitivity for saliva, suggesting its potential eŠectiveness for more precisely identifying saliva when performed in conjunction with current presumptive and conˆrmative saliva tests.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80636530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tadashi Yamamuro, Yuki Okada, Hiroki Segawa, K. Kuwayama, K. Tsujikawa, T. Kanamori, Y. Iwata
In Japan, possession of germinable cannabis seeds for cultivation purposes is subject to prosecution. Cannabis seeds are marketed after being treated to prevent germination ( heated or crushed ) Currently, forensic examination of cannabis seeds is conducted by cultivating the seeds after germination tests for several weeks and then performing morphological observation and chemical analysis on the true leaves. In this study, we attempted to construct a rapid and simple method for the identiˆcation of cannabis seeds by combining the color reaction using 2,3,5 Triphenyl 2 H tetrazolium Chloride ( TTC ) , a reagent that discriminates between living and dead cells, and DNA testing using a commercially available simple kit. The color reaction using TTC can determine the viability of peeled embryos within 20 min at 45 ° C as previously reported. This method is eŠective for quickly determining whether a seed has been heat-treated or not. However, in the color reaction, a commercial health food seed that claimed to be unheated showed some colo-ration. This sample had been crushed to prevent germination and was easily identi-ˆed as non-germinable by morphological examination. After the color reaction, the embryos could be directly used for
{"title":"Expediting cannabis seed examination by combining color reaction and DNA testing","authors":"Tadashi Yamamuro, Yuki Okada, Hiroki Segawa, K. Kuwayama, K. Tsujikawa, T. Kanamori, Y. Iwata","doi":"10.3408/jafst.822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.822","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, possession of germinable cannabis seeds for cultivation purposes is subject to prosecution. Cannabis seeds are marketed after being treated to prevent germination ( heated or crushed ) Currently, forensic examination of cannabis seeds is conducted by cultivating the seeds after germination tests for several weeks and then performing morphological observation and chemical analysis on the true leaves. In this study, we attempted to construct a rapid and simple method for the identiˆcation of cannabis seeds by combining the color reaction using 2,3,5 Triphenyl 2 H tetrazolium Chloride ( TTC ) , a reagent that discriminates between living and dead cells, and DNA testing using a commercially available simple kit. The color reaction using TTC can determine the viability of peeled embryos within 20 min at 45 ° C as previously reported. This method is eŠective for quickly determining whether a seed has been heat-treated or not. However, in the color reaction, a commercial health food seed that claimed to be unheated showed some colo-ration. This sample had been crushed to prevent germination and was easily identi-ˆed as non-germinable by morphological examination. After the color reaction, the embryos could be directly used for","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86813548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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