A spectroscopic system that enables ordinary microscopes to measure spectra was developed. This system was applied to single ˆber analysis and successfully measured the micro-absorption spectra, polarized micro-absorption spectra, and micro-‰uorescence spectra. All the spectra showed good sensitivity and reproducibility, and the obtained spectra were substantially equivalent to those measured with commercially available instruments. By means of the developed system in this study, the color information of ˆbers can be obtained as spectra, which results in more precise and objective discrimination of ˆbers that have similar colors. This system can easily be attached to various existing microscopes without any modiˆcations, and will improve their performance.
{"title":"Development of micro-spectroscopic system and its application to single fibers","authors":"Daisuke Watanabe, H. Ohta, Masataka Sakayanagi","doi":"10.3408/jafst.783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.783","url":null,"abstract":"A spectroscopic system that enables ordinary microscopes to measure spectra was developed. This system was applied to single ˆber analysis and successfully measured the micro-absorption spectra, polarized micro-absorption spectra, and micro-‰uorescence spectra. All the spectra showed good sensitivity and reproducibility, and the obtained spectra were substantially equivalent to those measured with commercially available instruments. By means of the developed system in this study, the color information of ˆbers can be obtained as spectra, which results in more precise and objective discrimination of ˆbers that have similar colors. This system can easily be attached to various existing microscopes without any modiˆcations, and will improve their performance.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90154741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuya Hamano, Ken Watanabe, Kochi Toyomane, Chie Morimoto, Keiji Tamaki, T. Akutsu
Age estimation by use of DNA methylation rate have recently been one of the hottest topics in forensic genetics, thus many age prediction models have been developed. The age prediction model developed by Bekaert et al was evaluated as the best method comparing six blood-based models in 2019. In this study, Bekaert's age estimation 3.49 and 4.51 for test set, respectively. In total, 200 ng of pre-bisulˆte-treated DNA was essential to perform these predictions. To reduce the required amount of DNA, new models based on only ELOVL2 methylation rate requiring only 40 ng of DNA were also developed. The MAE and RMSE were 3.15 and 4.20 for test set, respec-tively. These results suggest that both Bekaert's age estimation model and our novel model have great potential in estimating one's age on forensic practices with some points to note.
{"title":"Validation study of Bekaert's age estimation model based on DNA methylation rate and development of novel models using Japanese blood samples","authors":"Yuya Hamano, Ken Watanabe, Kochi Toyomane, Chie Morimoto, Keiji Tamaki, T. Akutsu","doi":"10.3408/jafst.820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.820","url":null,"abstract":"Age estimation by use of DNA methylation rate have recently been one of the hottest topics in forensic genetics, thus many age prediction models have been developed. The age prediction model developed by Bekaert et al was evaluated as the best method comparing six blood-based models in 2019. In this study, Bekaert's age estimation 3.49 and 4.51 for test set, respectively. In total, 200 ng of pre-bisulˆte-treated DNA was essential to perform these predictions. To reduce the required amount of DNA, new models based on only ELOVL2 methylation rate requiring only 40 ng of DNA were also developed. The MAE and RMSE were 3.15 and 4.20 for test set, respec-tively. These results suggest that both Bekaert's age estimation model and our novel model have great potential in estimating one's age on forensic practices with some points to note.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83987447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haruhiko Watahiki, K. Fujii, Takashi Fukagawa, Yusuke Mita, Tetsushi Kitayama, N. Mizuno
We previously typed Y-STRs of 1299 Japanese samples using the Yˆler Plus kit and found three cases with a low peak of DYS533. In this study, we sequenced the ‰anking regions of DYS533 in these three samples and found a single nucleotide substitution at the position 111 bp upstream from the DYS533 repeat region. Because our previous study revealed that the Y-chromosomes of these three samples belong to haplogroup D-M57, the mutation of the single nucleotide is likely to have occurred on the common ancestral Y-chromosome of these samples. The single nucleotide substitution may have caused the low peak of DYS533 in the three samples.
{"title":"A single nucleotide substitution in the flanking region of DYS533 with low peak height","authors":"Haruhiko Watahiki, K. Fujii, Takashi Fukagawa, Yusuke Mita, Tetsushi Kitayama, N. Mizuno","doi":"10.3408/jafst.798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.798","url":null,"abstract":"We previously typed Y-STRs of 1299 Japanese samples using the Yˆler Plus kit and found three cases with a low peak of DYS533. In this study, we sequenced the ‰anking regions of DYS533 in these three samples and found a single nucleotide substitution at the position 111 bp upstream from the DYS533 repeat region. Because our previous study revealed that the Y-chromosomes of these three samples belong to haplogroup D-M57, the mutation of the single nucleotide is likely to have occurred on the common ancestral Y-chromosome of these samples. The single nucleotide substitution may have caused the low peak of DYS533 in the three samples.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84283792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In forensic science, the interpretation of DNA mixture proˆles and small amounts or degraded DNA proˆles is challenging due to di‹culties in evaluating the contribution of the person of interest ( e.g., victim and suspect ) . In recent years, some probabilistic genotyping software programs based on a continuous model were developed to promote the interpretation of complex DNA proˆles. The model uses quantitative information of peak heights in the DNA proˆle and considers the eŠect of stutters and allelic drop-out. Therefore, the model is eŠective for interpreting complex DNA proˆles, and some software based on the model that has been applied to actual caseworks. This review provides the concept of probabilistic genotyping based on a continuous model. We explain calculation principles of likelihood ratios, weight values, and expected peak heights in the continuous model. We also discuss the current issues of software validation, management of artifact peaks, and the estimation of the number of contributors.
{"title":"DNA mixture interpretation based on the continuous model","authors":"Sho Manabe, Keiji Tamaki","doi":"10.3408/jafst.r021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.r021","url":null,"abstract":"In forensic science, the interpretation of DNA mixture proˆles and small amounts or degraded DNA proˆles is challenging due to di‹culties in evaluating the contribution of the person of interest ( e.g., victim and suspect ) . In recent years, some probabilistic genotyping software programs based on a continuous model were developed to promote the interpretation of complex DNA proˆles. The model uses quantitative information of peak heights in the DNA proˆle and considers the eŠect of stutters and allelic drop-out. Therefore, the model is eŠective for interpreting complex DNA proˆles, and some software based on the model that has been applied to actual caseworks. This review provides the concept of probabilistic genotyping based on a continuous model. We explain calculation principles of likelihood ratios, weight values, and expected peak heights in the continuous model. We also discuss the current issues of software validation, management of artifact peaks, and the estimation of the number of contributors.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73823911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Nakao, N. Tsuda, K. Maruyama, Takaaki Kimura, I. Ota, M. Hamaguchi, Takuya Ishibe, Atsushi Nitta, H. Nishioka, M. Katagi, T. Uejima
This study is aimed to establish whether the skin preparation using ethanol ( EA ) -containing skin antiseptics causes EA contamination through blood collection. Venous blood was collected from 40 healthy volunteers according to the na-tional guidelines for blood sampling, with four sequential procedures as follows: 1 ) collecting immediately ( within 5 s ) after cleaning the skin with each packaging type of EA-containing pad, 2 ) collecting 1 minute after cleaning the skin with each packaging type of EA-containing pad, 3 ) collecting immediately ( within 5 s ) after cleaning the skin with a traditional cleaning method ( with a thoroughly EA-impregnated pad, and 4 ) collecting 1 minute after cleaning the skin with a traditional cleaning method. Each sequential procedure was performed with and without the EA-con-中尾隆美ほか taining pad used for skin cleaning pressed against the puncture site on their right and left arms at the time the needle was withdrawn, respectively. The collected specimens were subjected to determination of EA by using head space gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In every 80 blood specimen obtained from 40 participants, EA was undetectable (＜ 0.001 mg / mL ) . This study demonstrates that disinfection using ethanol-contain-ing skin antiseptics is unlikely to cause ethanol contamination through blood collection regardless of skin preparation technique according to the guidelines for blood sampling.
{"title":"Study to establish whether disinfection using ethanol-containing skin antiseptics causes ethanol contamination through blood collection","authors":"T. Nakao, N. Tsuda, K. Maruyama, Takaaki Kimura, I. Ota, M. Hamaguchi, Takuya Ishibe, Atsushi Nitta, H. Nishioka, M. Katagi, T. Uejima","doi":"10.3408/jafst.767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.767","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed to establish whether the skin preparation using ethanol ( EA ) -containing skin antiseptics causes EA contamination through blood collection. Venous blood was collected from 40 healthy volunteers according to the na-tional guidelines for blood sampling, with four sequential procedures as follows: 1 ) collecting immediately ( within 5 s ) after cleaning the skin with each packaging type of EA-containing pad, 2 ) collecting 1 minute after cleaning the skin with each packaging type of EA-containing pad, 3 ) collecting immediately ( within 5 s ) after cleaning the skin with a traditional cleaning method ( with a thoroughly EA-impregnated pad, and 4 ) collecting 1 minute after cleaning the skin with a traditional cleaning method. Each sequential procedure was performed with and without the EA-con-中尾隆美ほか taining pad used for skin cleaning pressed against the puncture site on their right and left arms at the time the needle was withdrawn, respectively. The collected specimens were subjected to determination of EA by using head space gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In every 80 blood specimen obtained from 40 participants, EA was undetectable (＜ 0.001 mg / mL ) . This study demonstrates that disinfection using ethanol-contain-ing skin antiseptics is unlikely to cause ethanol contamination through blood collection regardless of skin preparation technique according to the guidelines for blood sampling.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80139302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akari Ishikawa, Tooru Kamata, Atsushi Nitta, Ryutaro Asai, Misato Wada, Hidenao Kakehashi, Shihoko Nakano, S. Matsuta, K. Sasaki, N. Shima, H. Kamata, H. Nishioka, A. Miki, M. Katagi
{"title":"Study on the formation of methcathinone through the analysis of ephedrine","authors":"Akari Ishikawa, Tooru Kamata, Atsushi Nitta, Ryutaro Asai, Misato Wada, Hidenao Kakehashi, Shihoko Nakano, S. Matsuta, K. Sasaki, N. Shima, H. Kamata, H. Nishioka, A. Miki, M. Katagi","doi":"10.3408/jafst.779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83515223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DOI: 10.3408 / jafst.770 ) Appraisal related to charring of wood may be conducted for arson cases, espe-cially ˆres with a small scale of burning. When wood is carbonized, a distinctive form is observed, such as the surface turning black or cracking, but no clear appraisal method has been established, and the criteria set by individual appraisers have not been established. The current situation is that appraisal is conducted based on these individual appraisal methods. However, it is expected that the presence or absence of carbonization of the wood can be objectively determined by measuring the infrared absorption spectrum of the burned wood using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. Therefore, in this study, an experimental model was con-structed on the assumption of an actual arson case, a combustion experiment was performed on wood, which is widely used as a building material, and data on the ob-tained carbides were examined and objectively carbonized. We have devised a carbonization appraisal method. In this study, in addition to FT IR analysis, SEM EDX analysis and XRD analysis were also used to analyze detailed carbides. As a result, FT IR analysis showed that objective wood can be identiˆed for carbonization. However, when heated by a high temperature ‰ame, the wood transitions to complete carbide, but when heated by a relatively low temperature ‰ame as in the experimental model implemented in this study,
{"title":"Devising a method for identifying the presence or absence of carbonization of wood","authors":"A. Shinohara","doi":"10.3408/jafst.770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.770","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.3408 / jafst.770 ) Appraisal related to charring of wood may be conducted for arson cases, espe-cially ˆres with a small scale of burning. When wood is carbonized, a distinctive form is observed, such as the surface turning black or cracking, but no clear appraisal method has been established, and the criteria set by individual appraisers have not been established. The current situation is that appraisal is conducted based on these individual appraisal methods. However, it is expected that the presence or absence of carbonization of the wood can be objectively determined by measuring the infrared absorption spectrum of the burned wood using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. Therefore, in this study, an experimental model was con-structed on the assumption of an actual arson case, a combustion experiment was performed on wood, which is widely used as a building material, and data on the ob-tained carbides were examined and objectively carbonized. We have devised a carbonization appraisal method. In this study, in addition to FT IR analysis, SEM EDX analysis and XRD analysis were also used to analyze detailed carbides. As a result, FT IR analysis showed that objective wood can be identiˆed for carbonization. However, when heated by a high temperature ‰ame, the wood transitions to complete carbide, but when heated by a relatively low temperature ‰ame as in the experimental model implemented in this study,","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91054993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshiaki Iwamuro, Takaya Murakami, Reiko Ishimaru, Yuki Sakamoto, S. Chinaka
{"title":"Determination of hydrogen sulfide in whole blood by headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","authors":"Yoshiaki Iwamuro, Takaya Murakami, Reiko Ishimaru, Yuki Sakamoto, S. Chinaka","doi":"10.3408/jafst.769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75954181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validation of new features in Applied BiosystemsTM 3500 Series Data Collection Software version 4 for forensic STR typing","authors":"Shota Inokuchi, N. Mizuno, K. Sekiguchi","doi":"10.3408/jafst.775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.775","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84614024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparison of three methods of DNA extraction from bone and tooth samples","authors":"T. Miyata, H. Ishikawa, H. Nakanishi, T. Ohmori","doi":"10.3408/jafst.765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.765","url":null,"abstract":"to of the DNA the Kit of the and DNA Mini Kit yielded more DNA and more informative STR proˆles than did the other methods; that kit is optimal.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82820608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：