Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001319
Vincent Mariano, Justin Berk
Abstract: The opioid crisis, particularly the "fourth wave" involving fentanyl and stimulants, has been responsible for an alarming increase in overdose deaths in the United States. Although fentanyl contamination in cocaine has gained significant attention, the converse-cocaine-adulterated fentanyl-has been largely overlooked despite its health implications. The rise in concurrent cocaine and fentanyl overdose deaths could be attributed to various factors, from intentional polysubstance use to unintentional adulterations. Cocaine-related health issues may amplify the problem. Four potential pathways for the increased risk of overdose with cocaine-adulterated opioids include enhanced drug reinforcement, potential overdose risk with switching drug samples, altered metabolism of medications used for opioid use disorder, and increased myocardial demand juxtaposed with opioid-induced respiratory depression. With these risks, the importance of drug testing becomes paramount in the unregulated drug market. As polysubstance use overdoses surge, there is an urgent need to understand how drug supplies are changing in order to effectively identify appropriate harm reduction strategies. Specifically, further research is needed evaluating complications of low-level cocaine exposure with chronic/persistent opioid use. The hazards associated with cocaine-adulterated fentanyl emphasize the significance of understanding not only fentanyl's presence in cocaine but also cocaine's role in the fentanyl supply.
{"title":"\"Coke in the Dope\": The Underrecognized Complications of a Cocaine-Adulterated Fentanyl Supply.","authors":"Vincent Mariano, Justin Berk","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001319","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The opioid crisis, particularly the \"fourth wave\" involving fentanyl and stimulants, has been responsible for an alarming increase in overdose deaths in the United States. Although fentanyl contamination in cocaine has gained significant attention, the converse-cocaine-adulterated fentanyl-has been largely overlooked despite its health implications. The rise in concurrent cocaine and fentanyl overdose deaths could be attributed to various factors, from intentional polysubstance use to unintentional adulterations. Cocaine-related health issues may amplify the problem. Four potential pathways for the increased risk of overdose with cocaine-adulterated opioids include enhanced drug reinforcement, potential overdose risk with switching drug samples, altered metabolism of medications used for opioid use disorder, and increased myocardial demand juxtaposed with opioid-induced respiratory depression. With these risks, the importance of drug testing becomes paramount in the unregulated drug market. As polysubstance use overdoses surge, there is an urgent need to understand how drug supplies are changing in order to effectively identify appropriate harm reduction strategies. Specifically, further research is needed evaluating complications of low-level cocaine exposure with chronic/persistent opioid use. The hazards associated with cocaine-adulterated fentanyl emphasize the significance of understanding not only fentanyl's presence in cocaine but also cocaine's role in the fentanyl supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"471-473"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001333
Mason Schindle, Landon Berger
{"title":"Early Long-Acting Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder in the Setting of Acute Pain.","authors":"Mason Schindle, Landon Berger","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001333","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"608-609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001323
Rachel L Bachrach, Madeline C Frost, Olivia V Fletcher, Jessica A Chen, Matthew Chinman, Robert Ellis, Emily C Williams
Objectives: Medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUDs) are recommended for patients with alcohol use disorder yet are underprescribed. Consistent with Minority Stress and Intersectionality theories, persons with multiple sociodemographically marginalized identities (eg, Black women) often experience greater barriers to care and have poorer health outcomes. We use data from the Veterans Health Administration to assess disparities in Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved MAUDs and all effective MAUDs between the following groups: racialized and ethnic identity, sex, transgender status, and their intersections.
Methods: Among all Veterans Health Administration outpatients between August 1, 2015, and July 31, 2017, with documented alcohol screenings and an International Classification of Diseases diagnosis for alcohol use disorder in the 0-365 days prior (N = 308,238), we estimated the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of receiving FDA-approved MAUDs and any MAUDs in the following year and compared them using χ2 or Fisher's exact test. Analyses are unadjusted to present true prevalence and group differences.
Results: The overall prevalence for MAUDs was low (FDA-MAUDs = 8.7%, any MAUDs = 20.0%). Within sex, Black males had the lowest rate of FDA-MAUDs (7.3%, [7.1-7.5]), whereas American Indian/Alaskan Native females had the highest (18.4%, [13.8-23.0]). Among those identified as transgender, Asian and Black transgender persons had the lowest rates of FDA-MAUDs (0%; 4.3%, [1.8-8.5], respectively), whereas American Indian/Alaskan Native transgender patients had the highest (33.3%, [2.5-64.1]). Similar patterns were observed for any MAUDs, with higher rates overall.
Conclusions: Substantial variation exists in MAUD prescribing, with marginalized veterans disproportionately receiving MAUDs at lower and higher rates than average. Implementation and quality improvement efforts are needed to improve MAUD prescribing practices and reduce disparities.
{"title":"Receipt of Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder in the Veterans Health Administration: Comparison of Rates at the Intersections of Racialized and Ethnic Identity With Both Sex and Transgender Status.","authors":"Rachel L Bachrach, Madeline C Frost, Olivia V Fletcher, Jessica A Chen, Matthew Chinman, Robert Ellis, Emily C Williams","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001323","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUDs) are recommended for patients with alcohol use disorder yet are underprescribed. Consistent with Minority Stress and Intersectionality theories, persons with multiple sociodemographically marginalized identities (eg, Black women) often experience greater barriers to care and have poorer health outcomes. We use data from the Veterans Health Administration to assess disparities in Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved MAUDs and all effective MAUDs between the following groups: racialized and ethnic identity, sex, transgender status, and their intersections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among all Veterans Health Administration outpatients between August 1, 2015, and July 31, 2017, with documented alcohol screenings and an International Classification of Diseases diagnosis for alcohol use disorder in the 0-365 days prior (N = 308,238), we estimated the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of receiving FDA-approved MAUDs and any MAUDs in the following year and compared them using χ2 or Fisher's exact test. Analyses are unadjusted to present true prevalence and group differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence for MAUDs was low (FDA-MAUDs = 8.7%, any MAUDs = 20.0%). Within sex, Black males had the lowest rate of FDA-MAUDs (7.3%, [7.1-7.5]), whereas American Indian/Alaskan Native females had the highest (18.4%, [13.8-23.0]). Among those identified as transgender, Asian and Black transgender persons had the lowest rates of FDA-MAUDs (0%; 4.3%, [1.8-8.5], respectively), whereas American Indian/Alaskan Native transgender patients had the highest (33.3%, [2.5-64.1]). Similar patterns were observed for any MAUDs, with higher rates overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Substantial variation exists in MAUD prescribing, with marginalized veterans disproportionately receiving MAUDs at lower and higher rates than average. Implementation and quality improvement efforts are needed to improve MAUD prescribing practices and reduce disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"546-552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001317
Chris Tremonti, David S Celemajer, Christina Marel, Katherine Mills, Shawn Foo, Jack Wilson, Tim Slade, Maree Teesson, Paul Haber
Objectives: To prospectively assess rates of QT prolongation, arrhythmia, syncope, and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a cohort of people with heroin dependence.
Methods: To estimate rates of QT prolongation, arrhythmia, and syncope, a subcohort (n = 130) from the Australian Treatment Outcomes Study, a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 615 people with heroin dependence, underwent medical history, venepuncture, and ECG at the 18- to 20-year follow-up.To estimate rates of SCD, probabilistic matching for the entire cohort was undertaken with the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare National Death Index. Deaths were classified into suicide, accidental overdose, trauma, unknown, and disease, which were then further subclassified by probability of SCD. SCD rate was the number of possible or probable SCDs divided by total patient years from the cohort.
Results: From the subcohort, 4 participants (3%) met the criteria for QT prolongation; 3 were prescribed methadone. Seven participants (5%) reported history of arrhythmia, including 2 transferred from methadone to buprenorphine. Thirty participants (23%) reported a previous syncopal event-14 diagnosed as nonarrhythmic syncope and 13 not investigated. In the previous 12 months, 66 participants (51%) reported heroin use; 55 participants (42%) were prescribed methadone. No participant had QTc greater than 500 milliseconds.There were 3 possible SCDs, translating to an estimated SCD rate of 0.29 (CI: 0.05, 0.8) events per 1000 patient years. More cohort members died of overdose (n = 50), suicide (n = 11), and hepatitis C (n = 4).
Conclusions: Low rates of QT prolongation, arrhythmia, syncope, and SCD in the cohort despite high rates of heroin use and methadone treatment.
{"title":"Low Risk of Cardiac Complications During Long-Term Follow-Up of Opioid Dependence.","authors":"Chris Tremonti, David S Celemajer, Christina Marel, Katherine Mills, Shawn Foo, Jack Wilson, Tim Slade, Maree Teesson, Paul Haber","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001317","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To prospectively assess rates of QT prolongation, arrhythmia, syncope, and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a cohort of people with heroin dependence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To estimate rates of QT prolongation, arrhythmia, and syncope, a subcohort (n = 130) from the Australian Treatment Outcomes Study, a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 615 people with heroin dependence, underwent medical history, venepuncture, and ECG at the 18- to 20-year follow-up.To estimate rates of SCD, probabilistic matching for the entire cohort was undertaken with the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare National Death Index. Deaths were classified into suicide, accidental overdose, trauma, unknown, and disease, which were then further subclassified by probability of SCD. SCD rate was the number of possible or probable SCDs divided by total patient years from the cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the subcohort, 4 participants (3%) met the criteria for QT prolongation; 3 were prescribed methadone. Seven participants (5%) reported history of arrhythmia, including 2 transferred from methadone to buprenorphine. Thirty participants (23%) reported a previous syncopal event-14 diagnosed as nonarrhythmic syncope and 13 not investigated. In the previous 12 months, 66 participants (51%) reported heroin use; 55 participants (42%) were prescribed methadone. No participant had QTc greater than 500 milliseconds.There were 3 possible SCDs, translating to an estimated SCD rate of 0.29 (CI: 0.05, 0.8) events per 1000 patient years. More cohort members died of overdose (n = 50), suicide (n = 11), and hepatitis C (n = 4).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low rates of QT prolongation, arrhythmia, syncope, and SCD in the cohort despite high rates of heroin use and methadone treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"526-532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001357
Shannon C Miller, Sharon Levy, Andrew J Saxon, Jeanette M Tetrault, Richard N Rosenthal, Sarah Wakeman, Frank Vocci
Abstract: The directors of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism have proposed new efforts to enable earlier identification and intervention for harmful substance use and its consequences. As editors of The ASAM Principles of Addiction Medicine, we fully support this goal. The word "preaddiction" has been suggested as a diagnostic label to describe individuals who would be targeted for early intervention. In this commentary, we offer that "unhealthy substance use" would be a better descriptor than "preaddiction" and review several potential barriers to be addressed in order to maximize the impact of introducing this new paradigm.
摘要:美国国家药物滥用研究所(National Institute on Drug Abuse)和美国国家酒精滥用与酗酒研究所(National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism)的所长们提出了新的努力方向,以便更早地识别和干预有害物质的使用及其后果。作为《ASAM成瘾医学原则》的编辑,我们完全支持这一目标。有人建议将 "成瘾前期"(pre-addiction)作为诊断标签,用来描述那些将成为早期干预目标的个体。在这篇评论中,我们认为 "不健康的药物使用 "比 "成瘾前 "更适合描述,并回顾了几个需要解决的潜在障碍,以便最大限度地发挥引入这一新模式的影响。
{"title":"Revisiting Preaddiction.","authors":"Shannon C Miller, Sharon Levy, Andrew J Saxon, Jeanette M Tetrault, Richard N Rosenthal, Sarah Wakeman, Frank Vocci","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000001357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The directors of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism have proposed new efforts to enable earlier identification and intervention for harmful substance use and its consequences. As editors of The ASAM Principles of Addiction Medicine, we fully support this goal. The word \"preaddiction\" has been suggested as a diagnostic label to describe individuals who would be targeted for early intervention. In this commentary, we offer that \"unhealthy substance use\" would be a better descriptor than \"preaddiction\" and review several potential barriers to be addressed in order to maximize the impact of introducing this new paradigm.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":"18 5","pages":"486-487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001350
Edward V Nunes, A Thomas McLellan
Abstract: The concept of treatment-refractory addiction, proposed by Eric Strain in this edition of the Journal, has the potential to invigorate the field of addiction treatment and research by focusing on a phenomenon that is familiar to any clinician treating patients with substance use disorders, namely, the patient who does not experience sufficient improvement from standard treatments. An analogy is drawn to the concept of treatment-resistant depression and the STAR*D study, which demonstrated an algorithmic approach to treatment, where if the first antidepressant medication tried did not result in remission from depression, subsequent trials of medications or cognitive behavioral therapy doubled the proportion of patients achieving remission. Recognizing treatment-refractory addiction challenges our field to develop analogous, stepwise, algorithmic approaches to treatment of substance use disorders, moving away from siloed treatment programs toward integrated treatment systems where alternative treatments are available, offering the kind of personalized, tailored forms of care used in the treatment of most other chronic illnesses. Like in STAR*D, research could focus on samples of patients who have not benefitted from initial trials of standard addiction treatments, addressing the key clinical question of what to do next when previous treatments fail.
{"title":"The Concept of Treatment-Refractory Addiction: Implications for Addiction Treatment Systems and Research.","authors":"Edward V Nunes, A Thomas McLellan","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000001350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The concept of treatment-refractory addiction, proposed by Eric Strain in this edition of the Journal, has the potential to invigorate the field of addiction treatment and research by focusing on a phenomenon that is familiar to any clinician treating patients with substance use disorders, namely, the patient who does not experience sufficient improvement from standard treatments. An analogy is drawn to the concept of treatment-resistant depression and the STAR*D study, which demonstrated an algorithmic approach to treatment, where if the first antidepressant medication tried did not result in remission from depression, subsequent trials of medications or cognitive behavioral therapy doubled the proportion of patients achieving remission. Recognizing treatment-refractory addiction challenges our field to develop analogous, stepwise, algorithmic approaches to treatment of substance use disorders, moving away from siloed treatment programs toward integrated treatment systems where alternative treatments are available, offering the kind of personalized, tailored forms of care used in the treatment of most other chronic illnesses. Like in STAR*D, research could focus on samples of patients who have not benefitted from initial trials of standard addiction treatments, addressing the key clinical question of what to do next when previous treatments fail.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":"18 5","pages":"477-479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001329
Madeline C Frost, Lara N Coughlin, Lan Zhang, Lewei Allison Lin
Objectives: Stimulant use is a growing problem, but little is known about service utilization among patients with stimulant use disorder (StUD). In the context of the overdose crisis, much research has focused on patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). It is unclear how the characteristics, treatment receipt, and hospitalization of patients with StUD differ from patients with OUD.
Methods: Electronic health record data were extracted for national Veterans Health Administration patients with a visit from March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021 with StUD and/or OUD (N = 132,273). We compared patients with StUD without OUD to those with (1) co-occurring StUD + OUD and (2) OUD without StUD. Patient characteristics, substance use disorder treatment, and hospitalizations in the year following patients' first study period visit were descriptively compared. Treatment and hospitalization were also compared in adjusted regression models.
Results: Compared with patients with OUD + StUD, those with StUD without OUD were less likely to receive outpatient (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.50) or any treatment (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.46-0.49). Compared with patients with OUD without StUD, those with StUD without OUD were less likely to receive outpatient (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.49-0.52) or any treatment (aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.54-0.58) and more likely to receive residential treatment (aOR 2.18, 95% 2.05-2.30) and to be hospitalized (aOR 1.62, 95% 1.56-1.69).
Conclusions: Patients with StUD may be less likely to receive treatment and more likely to be hospitalized than patients with OUD. Efforts focused on mitigating hospitalization and increasing treatment receipt for patients with StUD are needed.
{"title":"Comparison of Treatment Receipt and Hospitalization Among Patients With Stimulant Use Disorder and/or Opioid Use Disorder in the Veterans Health Administration.","authors":"Madeline C Frost, Lara N Coughlin, Lan Zhang, Lewei Allison Lin","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001329","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Stimulant use is a growing problem, but little is known about service utilization among patients with stimulant use disorder (StUD). In the context of the overdose crisis, much research has focused on patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). It is unclear how the characteristics, treatment receipt, and hospitalization of patients with StUD differ from patients with OUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic health record data were extracted for national Veterans Health Administration patients with a visit from March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021 with StUD and/or OUD (N = 132,273). We compared patients with StUD without OUD to those with (1) co-occurring StUD + OUD and (2) OUD without StUD. Patient characteristics, substance use disorder treatment, and hospitalizations in the year following patients' first study period visit were descriptively compared. Treatment and hospitalization were also compared in adjusted regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with patients with OUD + StUD, those with StUD without OUD were less likely to receive outpatient (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.50) or any treatment (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.46-0.49). Compared with patients with OUD without StUD, those with StUD without OUD were less likely to receive outpatient (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.49-0.52) or any treatment (aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.54-0.58) and more likely to receive residential treatment (aOR 2.18, 95% 2.05-2.30) and to be hospitalized (aOR 1.62, 95% 1.56-1.69).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with StUD may be less likely to receive treatment and more likely to be hospitalized than patients with OUD. Efforts focused on mitigating hospitalization and increasing treatment receipt for patients with StUD are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"561-566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141236343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001332
Khushbu Agarwal, Jeremy W Luk, Bethany L Stangl, Melanie L Schwandt, Reza Momenan, David Goldman, Nancy Diazgranados, David A Kareken, Lorenzo Leggio, Vijay A Ramchandani, Paule V Joseph
Objectives: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a global health problem with significant negative consequences, including preventable deaths. Although olfactory dysfunction is associated with chronic alcohol drinking, the relationship among specific types of olfactory deficits, depressive symptoms, and problematic drinking remains to be explored. Here, we examined the prevalence of olfactory distortion (parosmia) and hallucination (phantosmia) and assessed their associations with problematic drinking and depressive symptoms.
Methods: In April-June 2022, 250 participants across the spectrum of AUD were recruited for assessment in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol study. Surveys covered self-reported olfactory function, depressive symptoms, and problematic drinking, with key measures assessed, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Predictors in the analysis included parosmia and phantosmia, with covariates comprising age, sex, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, COVID-19 infection status, and smoking status.
Results: Among 250 individuals, 5.2% experienced parosmia and 4.4% reported phantosmia. Parosmia was associated with higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores (β = 7.14; 95% confidence interval = 3.31, 10.96; P < 0.001), whereas phantosmia was linked to higher Patient Health Questionnaire scores (β = 3.32; 95% confidence interval = 0.22, 6.42; P = 0.03). These associations persisted in both the full sample and the subset of participants without COVID-19.
Conclusions: Our study highlights strong existing links among olfactory deficits, problem drinking, and depressive symptoms, underscoring the need to assess smell impairments in clinical settings. Future research should explore these connections further to develop new treatments for individuals with AUD and depression.
目标:酒精使用障碍(AUD)是一个全球性的健康问题,具有严重的负面影响,包括可预防的死亡。虽然嗅觉功能障碍与长期饮酒有关,但特定类型的嗅觉障碍、抑郁症状和问题性饮酒之间的关系仍有待探讨。在此,我们研究了嗅觉失真(parosmia)和幻觉(phantosmia)的发生率,并评估了它们与问题性饮酒和抑郁症状之间的关系:2022年4月至6月,美国国家酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所(National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Aloholism COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol)招募了250名不同程度的AUD参与者进行评估。调查内容包括自我报告的嗅觉功能、抑郁症状和问题性饮酒,主要评估指标包括酒精使用障碍鉴定测试和患者健康问卷。分析中的预测因素包括副嗅和幻嗅,协变量包括年龄、性别、社会经济地位、种族、民族、COVID-19 感染状况和吸烟状况:结果:在 250 人中,5.2% 的人有肤浅感觉,4.4% 的人有幻觉。嗜酒与较高的酒精使用障碍鉴定测试得分相关(β = 7.14;95% 置信区间 = 3.31,10.96;P < 0.001),而幻视与较高的患者健康问卷得分相关(β = 3.32;95% 置信区间 = 0.22,6.42;P = 0.03)。这些关联在全样本和无 COVID-19 的参与者子集中均持续存在:我们的研究强调了嗅觉障碍、问题饮酒和抑郁症状之间的密切联系,突出了在临床环境中评估嗅觉障碍的必要性。未来的研究应进一步探索这些联系,以便为患有 AUD 和抑郁症的人开发新的治疗方法。
{"title":"Parosmia Is Positively Associated With Problematic Drinking, as Is Phantosmia With Depressive Symptoms.","authors":"Khushbu Agarwal, Jeremy W Luk, Bethany L Stangl, Melanie L Schwandt, Reza Momenan, David Goldman, Nancy Diazgranados, David A Kareken, Lorenzo Leggio, Vijay A Ramchandani, Paule V Joseph","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001332","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a global health problem with significant negative consequences, including preventable deaths. Although olfactory dysfunction is associated with chronic alcohol drinking, the relationship among specific types of olfactory deficits, depressive symptoms, and problematic drinking remains to be explored. Here, we examined the prevalence of olfactory distortion (parosmia) and hallucination (phantosmia) and assessed their associations with problematic drinking and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In April-June 2022, 250 participants across the spectrum of AUD were recruited for assessment in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol study. Surveys covered self-reported olfactory function, depressive symptoms, and problematic drinking, with key measures assessed, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Predictors in the analysis included parosmia and phantosmia, with covariates comprising age, sex, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, COVID-19 infection status, and smoking status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 250 individuals, 5.2% experienced parosmia and 4.4% reported phantosmia. Parosmia was associated with higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores (β = 7.14; 95% confidence interval = 3.31, 10.96; P < 0.001), whereas phantosmia was linked to higher Patient Health Questionnaire scores (β = 3.32; 95% confidence interval = 0.22, 6.42; P = 0.03). These associations persisted in both the full sample and the subset of participants without COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights strong existing links among olfactory deficits, problem drinking, and depressive symptoms, underscoring the need to assess smell impairments in clinical settings. Future research should explore these connections further to develop new treatments for individuals with AUD and depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"567-573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Patients with substance use disorder (SUD) may face many challenges when being cared for in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), such as stigma and inadequate access to treatment. This study aims to learn from the perspectives of SNF residents with SUD.
Methods: Nineteen semistructured interviews were conducted at 5 SNFs in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Additionally, Likert-type responses and substance use screening tests were collected. Qualitative data were analyzed using Dedoose version 9.0.107 (Sociocultural Research Consultants, LLC, Los Angeles, CA).
Results: Qualitative analyses identified 4 themes: (1) the SNF can be a positive site for recovery, (2) barriers to recovery in SNFs are variable, (3) lived experiences with SUD care and harm reduction are heterogeneous, and (4) the needs of residents with SUD encompass multiple domains. Results highlighted the variability of access to counseling and SUD treatment, as well as the prevalence of stigma, substance use, and overdose in SNFs. Results revealed the need for access to social work support, activities, counseling services, and improved staff knowledge of treating SUD.
Conclusions: SNF residents living with SUD experience variable quality of care and may have difficulty accessing counseling and medical treatments for SUD, depending on the available resources in the facility to which they were admitted. The quality of care for residents living with SUD requires further study as more patients with SUD require SNF care.
目标:在专业护理机构(SNFs)接受护理时,药物使用障碍(SUD)患者可能会面临许多挑战,例如污名化和治疗途径不足。本研究旨在从患有药物滥用性精神障碍的专业护理机构住院患者的角度了解他们的情况:在芝加哥大都会区的 5 家专业护理机构进行了 19 次半结构式访谈。此外,还收集了李克特类型的回答和药物使用筛查测试。定性数据使用 Dedoose 9.0.107 版(Sociocultural Research Consultants, LLC, Los Angeles, CA)进行分析:定性分析确定了 4 个主题:(1)SNF 可以成为积极的康复场所;(2)SNF 中的康复障碍各不相同;(3)在 SUD 护理和减低伤害方面的生活经验各不相同;以及(4)患有 SUD 的居民的需求涵盖多个领域。研究结果突显了获得咨询和 SUD 治疗方面的差异,以及在 SNF 中污名化、药物使用和用药过量的普遍性。结果表明,有必要提供社会工作支持、活动、咨询服务,并提高员工对治疗 SUD 的认识:患有药物滥用症的 SNF 住户所获得的护理质量参差不齐,他们可能难以获得药物滥用症的咨询和医疗服务,这取决于他们入住的护理机构的可用资源。随着越来越多的 SUD 患者需要 SNF 护理,需要对 SUD 居民的护理质量进行进一步研究。
{"title":"Substance Use Disorder Care in Skilled Nursing Facilities: Characterizing Resident Experiences.","authors":"Arianna Parkhideh, Kimberly J Beiting, Meredith Yang, A Justine Landi, Stacie Levine","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001318","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patients with substance use disorder (SUD) may face many challenges when being cared for in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), such as stigma and inadequate access to treatment. This study aims to learn from the perspectives of SNF residents with SUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen semistructured interviews were conducted at 5 SNFs in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Additionally, Likert-type responses and substance use screening tests were collected. Qualitative data were analyzed using Dedoose version 9.0.107 (Sociocultural Research Consultants, LLC, Los Angeles, CA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Qualitative analyses identified 4 themes: (1) the SNF can be a positive site for recovery, (2) barriers to recovery in SNFs are variable, (3) lived experiences with SUD care and harm reduction are heterogeneous, and (4) the needs of residents with SUD encompass multiple domains. Results highlighted the variability of access to counseling and SUD treatment, as well as the prevalence of stigma, substance use, and overdose in SNFs. Results revealed the need for access to social work support, activities, counseling services, and improved staff knowledge of treating SUD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SNF residents living with SUD experience variable quality of care and may have difficulty accessing counseling and medical treatments for SUD, depending on the available resources in the facility to which they were admitted. The quality of care for residents living with SUD requires further study as more patients with SUD require SNF care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"533-539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001314
Ryan Michael Cassidy, Kalli Burdick, Trevor Anesi, Daniel Daunis
Abstract: Kava consumption is a traditional practice in Polynesian and Micronesian cultures. It has recently gained popularity in the United States for therapeutic and recreational use. We report the following case. A man presented to the emergency department after a fall while intoxicated on kava. He was medically admitted for altered mental status, facial and clavicle fractures, and hyponatremia. Psychiatry was consulted for management of delirium. On interview, he reported consuming escalating amounts of kava for weeks despite attempts to stop. He was diagnosed with acute kava withdrawal with hyperactive delirium, treated with phenobarbital load (860 mg) and taper (390 mg). Continuous dexmedetomidine drip to hospital day 3 treated sympathetic activation and breakthrough agitation. By day 4, his delirium resolved and remained in remission until discharge. We performed a systematic review for reports of kava withdrawal, returning 9 studies. Eight assessed withdrawal symptoms after cessation of a low controlled dose of kava extract with no symptoms noted. One reported a case series of heavy kava users with seizure-like events. No publications discussed treatment of kava withdrawal. To our knowledge, this is the first publication to describe kava withdrawal syndrome and its effective treatment with phenobarbital.
{"title":"Kava Withdrawal Treated With Phenobarbital-A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Ryan Michael Cassidy, Kalli Burdick, Trevor Anesi, Daniel Daunis","doi":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001314","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ADM.0000000000001314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Kava consumption is a traditional practice in Polynesian and Micronesian cultures. It has recently gained popularity in the United States for therapeutic and recreational use. We report the following case. A man presented to the emergency department after a fall while intoxicated on kava. He was medically admitted for altered mental status, facial and clavicle fractures, and hyponatremia. Psychiatry was consulted for management of delirium. On interview, he reported consuming escalating amounts of kava for weeks despite attempts to stop. He was diagnosed with acute kava withdrawal with hyperactive delirium, treated with phenobarbital load (860 mg) and taper (390 mg). Continuous dexmedetomidine drip to hospital day 3 treated sympathetic activation and breakthrough agitation. By day 4, his delirium resolved and remained in remission until discharge. We performed a systematic review for reports of kava withdrawal, returning 9 studies. Eight assessed withdrawal symptoms after cessation of a low controlled dose of kava extract with no symptoms noted. One reported a case series of heavy kava users with seizure-like events. No publications discussed treatment of kava withdrawal. To our knowledge, this is the first publication to describe kava withdrawal syndrome and its effective treatment with phenobarbital.</p>","PeriodicalId":14744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"599-601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}