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Swollen lamellar phases between two solid walls : undulation forces and generation of defects 两个固体壁之间膨胀的片层相:波动力和缺陷的产生
Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1051/JPHYS:0199000510220254300
O. Abillon, E. Perez
Nous avons mesure les forces entre deux surfaces de mica immergees dans une phase lamellaire gonflee a l'eau (CTAB/hexanol/eau salee). Les bicouches s'orientent parallelement aux surfaces de mica. Les courbes force-distance presentent des domaines ou l'eau est continument ejectee d'entre les lamelles, et des domaines ou le systeme saute rapidement a une autre distance en ejectant des lamelles. Nous avons etudie l'effet sur les forces d'un deplacement dans le diagramme de phases a periode spatiale constante et egalement le long de la ligne de dilution
我们测量了两个云母表面浸泡在水膨胀层状相(CTAB/己醇/盐水)之间的力。双层与云母表面平行。力-距离曲线显示的区域是水从片层之间不断喷射的区域,而系统通过喷射片层迅速跳到另一个距离的区域。我们研究了在恒定空间周期的相图中以及沿稀释线的位移对力的影响。
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引用次数: 18
Growth of two dimensional domains in copolymer thin films 共聚物薄膜中二维畴的生长
Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1051/JPHYS:0199000510220257100
D. Ausserré, D. Chatenay, G. Coulon, B. Collin
L'apparition de domaines circulaires en relief a la surface de films de copolymeres bisequences deposes sur un solide soumis a une trempe est due a la formation d'un ordre lamellaire dans le film qui s'accompagne d'une quantification de son epaisseur locale. En admettant que la structure des bords des domaines est une simple dislocation, les equations decrivant l'evolution temporelle de la distribution de taille des domaines sont etablies
沉积在淬火固体上的等分共聚物薄膜表面的圆形凸起区域的出现是由于薄膜中层状顺序的形成,并伴随着局部厚度的量化。假设区域边缘结构是简单的位错,建立了描述区域大小分布时间演化的方程。
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引用次数: 26
On the applicability of the rotational diffusion model in liquid crystalline solvents. A nuclear magnetic relaxation study of toluene 旋转扩散模型在液晶溶剂中的适用性。甲苯的核磁弛豫研究
Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1051/JPHYS:0199000510220258100
J. Bulthuis, L. Plomp
The model of rotational diffusion in the presence of an orienting potential has been adapted to the case of an asymmetric top molecule in an orienting potential that is defined by two ordering parameters. It has been used to describe the relaxation by the quadrupolar mechanism of the deuterons in toluene, dissolved in «Phase V». No set of diffusion constants could be found, which simultaneously reproduce all spectral densities that were derived from the measured relaxation rates. Only very approximate agreement could be obtained with sets of diffusion constants in which two constants are of the same order of magnitude and the diffusion about the axis in the plane of the benzene ring and perpendicular to the axis of the methylgroup, is slower by an order of magnitude. The anisotropy in the viscosity of the solution has not explicitly been taken into account, but it has been indicated how this might be done. At this stage, therefore, no definitive conclusions can be drawn, but clearly the application of the rotational diffusion model in liquid crystalline solutions should be considered with care
定向势存在时的旋转扩散模型已适应于定向势由两个有序参数定义的不对称顶部分子的情况。它已被用来描述四极性机制的弛豫在甲苯中,溶解在«相V»。没有一组扩散常数可以同时再现由测量的弛豫速率得出的所有谱密度。在两个常数相同数量级的扩散常数组中,只能得到非常近似的一致性,并且在苯环平面上沿轴方向和垂直于甲基轴方向的扩散速度要慢一个数量级。溶液粘度的各向异性没有被明确地考虑在内,但已经指出了如何做到这一点。因此,现阶段还不能得出明确的结论,但显然转动扩散模型在液晶溶液中的应用应该慎重考虑
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引用次数: 14
Topology of the phase in aperiodic crystals 非周期晶体中相的拓扑结构
Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1051/JPHYS:0199000510210243100
M. Kleman
The phase degrees of freedom of aperiodic crystals (quasicrystals) are far from being understood. In this paper we study in great detail the geometrical and topological properties of the «phase space» of quasicrystals, for usual quasicrystalline symmetries (icosahedral and pentagonal cases) and for the cases d=3, d ∥ =1 and d=4, d ∥ =2. It is shown that the universal covering of the phase space is a curved crystal of negative Gaussian curvature, whose group of automorphisms contains therefore the fundamental group of the phase space as a subgroup. This fundamental group is calculated in each case. The results do not depend in any way on the cho Les degres de liberte relatifs a la phase des cristaux aperiodiques sont loin d'etre compris. Dans cet article, nous etudions en grand detail les proprietes geometriques et topologiques de l'espace representatif de la phase pour des symetries quasicristallines usuelles (icosaedrique et pentagonale) et pour les cas d=3, d ∥ =1 et d=4, d∥=2. On montre que l'espace de la phase a pour revetement universel un cristal d'espace courbe de courbure gaussienne negative; le groupe fondamental de l'espace de la phase est un sous-groupe du groupe d'automorphismes de ce cristal courbe. Nous le calculons dans chaque cas envisage. Les resultats ne dependent en aucune maniere du choix et de la «surface atomique» (le motif) qui decore la cellule de base du cristal hypercubique d'ou le quasicristal est engendre. En consequence, ils ne dependent pas non plus du fait que les phasons sont continus ou discrets. Ces recherches constituent un premier pas necessaire dans l'etude de la nature geometrique et topologique des deformations du type «phason». On discute en outre de l'homomorphisme entre l'espace de la phase et le groupe qui classe les dislocations. Finalement nous indiquons sans entrer dans les details que le groupe fondamental de l'espace de la phase classe les defauts topologiques du type phason
非周期晶体(准晶体)的相自由度尚不清楚。在本文中,我们详细地研究了准晶体的“相空间”的几何和拓扑性质,对于通常的准晶体对称(二十面体和五边形的情况),对于d=3, d∥=1和d=4, d∥=2的情况。证明了相空间的普遍覆盖是一个负高斯曲率的弯曲晶体,因此其自同构群包含相空间的基群作为子群。这个基本组是在每种情况下计算出来的。结果不以任何方式依赖于三个自由度的关系,一个阶段的非周期性特征,一个阶段的非周期性特征。在第二篇文章中,noous etututions en grand detail les proprietes geometriques et topologiques de l'空间表征de la phase pour des des systemes准晶uselles (icosaedrique et pentagonale) et pour les cas d=3, d∥= 1 et d=4, d∥=2。On montre que l'espace de la phase a pour reveement universsel uncristle d'espace courbe de courbure gaussienne negative;基本群是指相空间的基本群;自同构群是指晶体的自同构群。现在,我们的计算和我们的设想是一样的。这些结果依赖于“表面原子”、“表面原子”、“细胞”、“晶体基”、“超立方体”和“准晶体”。因此,我们需要依赖于非事实和非事实,而不是连续的离散相。他的研究主要是关于“相位”型变形的组成、几何和拓扑结构的性质和必要性。讨论了位错的同态中心、位错的空间、位错的群、位错的类。finfinement的用法和样例:finfinement的用法和样例:finfinement的用法和样例:finfinement的用法和样例:finfinement
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引用次数: 9
Generalization in a Hopfield network Hopfield网络的泛化
Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1051/JPHYS:0199000510210242100
J. Fontanari
The performance of a Hopfield network in learning an extensive number of concepts having access only to a finite supply of typical data which exemplify the concepts is studied. The minimal number of examples which must be taught to the network in order it starts to create representations for the concepts is calculated analitically. It is shown that the mixture states play a crucial role in the creation of these representations
研究了Hopfield网络在学习大量概念时的性能,这些概念只能接触到有限的典型数据。必须教给网络的最小数量的例子,以便它开始为概念创建表示,是通过分析计算的。结果表明,混合状态在这些表征的产生中起着至关重要的作用
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引用次数: 36
Monte Carlo simulation of collimated beam transmission through turbid media 准直光束通过混浊介质的蒙特卡罗模拟
Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1051/JPHYS:0199000510220252100
S. Avrillier, E. Tinet, E. Delettre
An accurate Monte Carlo (MC) computer model is used to calculate the reflectances (R) and transmittances (T) of isotropic scattering media for the case of collimated beam illumination and for a wide range of absorption and scattering coefficients κ and σ per unit length. The MC results are presented by means of sets of curves with distance scaling in order to give an overall understanding of the subject. A simple diagram is constructed with accurate MC results and can be used for direct graphical determination of κ and σ from R and T measurements. The effects of reflections at the boundaries are described in the last section
采用精确的蒙特卡罗(MC)计算机模型计算了准直光束照射下各向同性散射介质的反射率(R)和透射率(T)以及单位长度的吸收和散射系数κ和σ的大范围。MC结果是通过距离缩放的曲线集来呈现的,以便对主题有一个整体的理解。用精确的MC结果构造了一个简单的图,可用于直接从R和T测量中确定κ和σ。最后一节描述了边界处反射的影响
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引用次数: 21
Theory of the formation of quasicrystals 准晶体形成的理论
Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1051/JPHYS:0199000510210239900
V. Dmitriev, Yu. M. Gufan, S. Rochal, R. Toledano
A theoretical model is proposed for the formation of quasicrystalline alloys. The icosahedral phase is known to result from a reconstructive transition of the displacive type from a parent crystalline structure. Two order parameters are involved in the transition mechanism: a displacement field which transforms a number of sublattices into icosahedral clusters, and an icosahedral density wave which breaks incommensurately the initial translational order. The main features of the model are introduced through the illustrative example of AlMnSi Un modele theorique est propose pour expliquer la formation des alliages quasicristallins. La phase icosaedrique resulte dans ce modele, d'une transition reconstructive de type displacif a partir d'une phase mere cristalline. Le mecanisme de la transition met en jeu deux parametres d'ordre distincts: un champ de deplacements qui transforme certains sous-reseaux cristallins en assemblages icosaedriques, et une onde de densite qui brise de facon incommensurable l'ordre translationnel de la phase mere. Les principaux aspects de la theorie sont introduits a travers l'exemple de AlMnSi
提出了准晶合金形成的理论模型。二十面体相是由母体晶体结构的位移型重构转变而成的。跃迁机制涉及两个序参量:将若干亚晶格转化为二十面体簇的位移场和不相应地打破初始平动序的二十面体密度波。通过AlMnSi - Un模型理论的实例,介绍了该模型的主要特点,并提出了拟晶体形成的解释方法。La相二叠叠结果为结晶模型,d'une相变重构模型为部分d'une相纯结晶。过渡的机制是由两种不同的参数组成的:一种是位移,一种是转换,一种是结晶,一种是聚合,一种是密度,一种是聚合,一种是不可通约,一种是转化,一种是相变。《理论的基本方面》介绍了阿尔姆斯的一个例子
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引用次数: 3
A disordered lamellar structure in the isotropic phase of a ternary double-chain surfactant system 三元双链表面活性剂体系各向同性相中的无序层状结构
Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1051/JPHYS:0199000510220260500
I. Barnes, P. Dérian, S. Hyde, B. Ninham, T. Zemb
et leurs predictions confrontees aux resultats experimentaux. Abstract. 2014 The « anomalous » fluid isotropic phase in the DDAB/tetradecane/water system differs in important ways from microemulsion phases in related systems, and is thus a useful test for models. On the basis of absolute scaled neutron and X-ray scattering data we show here that the microstructure is best characterised as a randomly folded reverse bilayer. All previously reported examples of this structure are restricted to a narrow range of composition and temperature. In this case of a stiff bilayer with low spontaneous interfacial curvature it extends over a large region of the ternary phase diagram at room temperature, the boundaries of which are explained in terms of simple geometric constraints. Other possible microstructures are
我们的预测与我们的实验结果相冲突。DDAB/十四烷/水体系中的“异常”流体各向同性相与相关体系中的微乳液相在许多重要方面有所不同,因此是对模型的有用测试。根据绝对尺度中子和x射线散射数据,我们在这里表明,微观结构的最佳特征是随机折叠的反向双分子层。所有先前报道的这种结构的例子都被限制在一个狭窄的组成和温度范围内。在这种情况下,具有低自发界面曲率的刚性双层在室温下延伸到三元相图的大片区域,其边界用简单的几何约束来解释。其他可能的微观结构有
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引用次数: 37
Anharmonic theory of a stack of tethered membranes 系留膜堆的非调和理论
Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1051/JPHYS:0199000510210240700
E. Guitter
We analyze by field theoretical methods the large scale behavior of a stack of tethered or polymerized membranes. We show that, in the decoupled phase where there is no resistance to the shear between successive membranes, anharmonic terms dictated by rotational symmetry in the bulk have to be taken into account. They renormalize the elastic coefficients and lead to a large distance anomalous elasticity, as in the case of a single tethered membrane Nous analysons par des techniques de theorie des champs le comportement a grande echelle d'un empilement de membranes reticulees ou polymerisees. Nous montrons que, dans la phase decouplee ou il n'y a pas de resistance au cisaillement entre membranes successives, la symetrie de rotation dans l'espace ambiant oblige a tenir compte de certains termes anharmoniques. Ces termes additionnels renormalisent les coefficients elastiques et conduisent a une elasticite anormale a grandes distances, de la meme maniere que pour une membrane reticulee isolee
我们用场理论方法分析了一堆系绳或聚合膜的大尺度行为。我们表明,在解耦阶段,连续膜之间没有剪切阻力,必须考虑由体中旋转对称性决定的非调和项。它们使弹性系数重新规范化,并导致大距离异常弹性,就像在单个系绳膜的情况下,Nous分析par des techniques de theorie des champs le comcomement a grande echelle d'un empement de membrane reticulees或polymerises一样。“Nous montrons que”,“dans la phase decpleplee”,“Nous montrons que”,“dans la phase decplee”,“Nous montrons que”,“Nous montrons que”,“Nous montrons que”,“Nous montrons que”。这两项是附加的正态化系数,弹性系数和传导系数,弹性系数和传导系数,在大的距离上,de la meme maniere que pour 1膜网状隔离
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引用次数: 5
Spectral dimension of fluid membranes 流体膜的光谱维数
Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1051/JPHYS:0199000510210239500
S. Komura, A. Baumgärtner
The spectral dimension d s of polymerized and fluid self-avoiding vesicles are investigated by Monte Carlo methods. For both cases we obtained d s =2, which indicates that these surfaces belong to the same class of «microcanonical» surfaces
用蒙特卡罗方法研究了聚合和流体自避囊泡的光谱维数。对于这两种情况,我们得到了d s =2,这表明这些曲面属于同一类“微正则”曲面
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引用次数: 3
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Journal De Physique
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