Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2216097
Zejiao Liu, C. Jing, T. Lin, Junjie Xu, Chu Yang, Ning Li, Jingrui Zhao
ABSTRACT The Q&P process of hot-rolled medium manganese steel (0.11C, 4.95Mn, 1.6Si,0.34Crwt-%) was studied and annealing at 660°C was selected to investigate the mechanism of microstructure evolution of medium manganese steel at different partitioning temperatures, and SEM, EBSD, XRD and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyse and observe the medium manganese steel. The results show that the partitioning temperature affects the distribution of martensite and austenite, with the parallel distribution of martensite being thicker and longer, making the austenite distributed between them more stable; the retained austenite at the boundary of the short rod-like martensite is subjected to larger deformation forces and is less stable. The best overall performance of the test steel was achieved when the partitioning temperature was 230°C, with a total elongation after breaking of 27.4%, and the product of tensile strength and elongation was 34.8 GPa-%.
{"title":"Effect of partitioning temperature on the microstructure and evolution of medium manganese steel","authors":"Zejiao Liu, C. Jing, T. Lin, Junjie Xu, Chu Yang, Ning Li, Jingrui Zhao","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2023.2216097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2023.2216097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Q&P process of hot-rolled medium manganese steel (0.11C, 4.95Mn, 1.6Si,0.34Crwt-%) was studied and annealing at 660°C was selected to investigate the mechanism of microstructure evolution of medium manganese steel at different partitioning temperatures, and SEM, EBSD, XRD and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyse and observe the medium manganese steel. The results show that the partitioning temperature affects the distribution of martensite and austenite, with the parallel distribution of martensite being thicker and longer, making the austenite distributed between them more stable; the retained austenite at the boundary of the short rod-like martensite is subjected to larger deformation forces and is less stable. The best overall performance of the test steel was achieved when the partitioning temperature was 230°C, with a total elongation after breaking of 27.4%, and the product of tensile strength and elongation was 34.8 GPa-%.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41851165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2216086
P. Singha
ABSTRACT Insights into the kinetics occurring during the combined blown (top and bottom blowing) oxygen steelmaking process, particularly at the impact and emulsion zones within separate reactors, can provide a deeper understanding of the refining mechanism in steelmaking. A dynamic model has been developed that can predict the contributions of various refining processes such as decarburization, desiliconization, demanganization, and dephosphorization. The model considers gas–metal interactions at the impact zone and slag–metal–gas interactions at the emulsion zone in an oxygen steelmaking converter. The model includes sub-models for lime dissolution and heat loss calculation. FactSage™ software and its macro programming facility were employed to integrate thermochemical and kinetic information into the model. The model predicts the temperature, composition, and volume of several phases involved in the process. The model predictions transient metal and slag compositions and metal bath temperature, were found to be consistent with the plant data.
{"title":"Refining at the impact and emulsion zones of basic oxygen steel making process – a fundamental study","authors":"P. Singha","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2023.2216086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2023.2216086","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Insights into the kinetics occurring during the combined blown (top and bottom blowing) oxygen steelmaking process, particularly at the impact and emulsion zones within separate reactors, can provide a deeper understanding of the refining mechanism in steelmaking. A dynamic model has been developed that can predict the contributions of various refining processes such as decarburization, desiliconization, demanganization, and dephosphorization. The model considers gas–metal interactions at the impact zone and slag–metal–gas interactions at the emulsion zone in an oxygen steelmaking converter. The model includes sub-models for lime dissolution and heat loss calculation. FactSage™ software and its macro programming facility were employed to integrate thermochemical and kinetic information into the model. The model predicts the temperature, composition, and volume of several phases involved in the process. The model predictions transient metal and slag compositions and metal bath temperature, were found to be consistent with the plant data.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43590673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT In this study, a novel thermo-mechanical controlled processing (TMCP) schedule, based on ultrafast cooling (UFC), was used to fabricate heavy gauge X80 pipeline steels for solving the low qualification drop-weight-tear test (DWTT) properties. The microstructures of the X80 pipeline steels were all composed of quasi-polygonal, acicular ferrite (AF), and granular bainite (GB) produced by Laminar Cooling (LC) and UFC. The grain sizes were finer and the average length of HAG was higher produced by UFC. The main strengthening mechanisms in LC-process steel were grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening, and dislocation strengthening. However, the main strengthening contribution in UFC-process was related to grain strengthening and dislocation strengthening. The decrease in strength induced by reducing Nb, Mo, and Cr contents in UFC steel was compensated by increasing the contribution of grain strengthening. In conclusion, the low-cost X80 pipeline steels can be produced by UFC without degradation of strength and toughness.
{"title":"Microstructure and strengthening mechanisms of heavy gauge pipeline steel processed by ultra-fast cooling (UFC) versus laminar cooling (LC)","authors":"Haijian Xu, Chunfei Han, Yan Zang, Wenyue Liu, Weijuan Li, X. Sha","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2023.2216093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2023.2216093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, a novel thermo-mechanical controlled processing (TMCP) schedule, based on ultrafast cooling (UFC), was used to fabricate heavy gauge X80 pipeline steels for solving the low qualification drop-weight-tear test (DWTT) properties. The microstructures of the X80 pipeline steels were all composed of quasi-polygonal, acicular ferrite (AF), and granular bainite (GB) produced by Laminar Cooling (LC) and UFC. The grain sizes were finer and the average length of HAG was higher produced by UFC. The main strengthening mechanisms in LC-process steel were grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening, and dislocation strengthening. However, the main strengthening contribution in UFC-process was related to grain strengthening and dislocation strengthening. The decrease in strength induced by reducing Nb, Mo, and Cr contents in UFC steel was compensated by increasing the contribution of grain strengthening. In conclusion, the low-cost X80 pipeline steels can be produced by UFC without degradation of strength and toughness.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44302817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2210903
S. Pal, Manisha Sahoo, Devi Dutta Biswajeet, Sujan Hazra, Garwa Sunny Tarachand, Debanjana Bhattacharyya, S. Nag, S. Seetharaman
ABSTRACT The prediction of transport and thermodynamic properties of the blast furnace slag is an experimentally tedious job to accomplish as seen in part-1 of this work. Literature studies have shown that the use of machine learning in the determination of the properties as a function of composition is an effective technique for glassy slags. However, the application of machine learning and data science techniques in the prediction of high alumina slag properties has not been studied extensively so far. In this paper, the use of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and ExtraTrees Regressor have been done to predict the viscosity, liquidus temperature, and other thermodynamic properties of blast furnace type slag in the high alumina regime, i.e. Al2O3 varying from 18 to 22 wt-%. The minimization of detrimental effects of high alumina slag has been studied by varying the MgO content and CaO/SiO2 ratio in the range of 8–12 wt-% and 0.8–1.2, respectively. The accuracy of models has been tuned to be fairly high and the results of the prediction have been discussed with possible solutions to operate under the high alumina regime of blast furnace slag.
{"title":"Optimization of high alumina slag practice in blast furnace ironmaking: an industrial approach. Part 2: Data-driven aspects","authors":"S. Pal, Manisha Sahoo, Devi Dutta Biswajeet, Sujan Hazra, Garwa Sunny Tarachand, Debanjana Bhattacharyya, S. Nag, S. Seetharaman","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2023.2210903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2023.2210903","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The prediction of transport and thermodynamic properties of the blast furnace slag is an experimentally tedious job to accomplish as seen in part-1 of this work. Literature studies have shown that the use of machine learning in the determination of the properties as a function of composition is an effective technique for glassy slags. However, the application of machine learning and data science techniques in the prediction of high alumina slag properties has not been studied extensively so far. In this paper, the use of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and ExtraTrees Regressor have been done to predict the viscosity, liquidus temperature, and other thermodynamic properties of blast furnace type slag in the high alumina regime, i.e. Al2O3 varying from 18 to 22 wt-%. The minimization of detrimental effects of high alumina slag has been studied by varying the MgO content and CaO/SiO2 ratio in the range of 8–12 wt-% and 0.8–1.2, respectively. The accuracy of models has been tuned to be fairly high and the results of the prediction have been discussed with possible solutions to operate under the high alumina regime of blast furnace slag.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59282428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2208988
F. Khorasani, R. Jamaati, H. J. Aval
ABSTRACT The current research introduces a low-cost strategy to improve strength-ductility-toughness balance in low-carbon steel containing 0.08 wt-% carbon by simple heat treatment. As the intercritical annealing temperature increased, the fraction of martensite enhanced. By increasing the annealing temperature from 770 to 830°C, the hardness of dual-phase steel was increased from 183 HV to 212 HV, which was due to the increment of martensite fraction from 0.28 to 0.49. The strength of all dual-phase steel samples produced by intercritical annealing treatment was higher than that of the initial sample owing to the presence of hard martensite in the soft ferrite. The interesting point was that the ductility of the dual-phase steels was almost the same as the initial sample. This led to a remarkable increase in the toughness of dual-phase steels compared to the initial sample. All dual-phase steels revealed a perfect ductile fracture.
{"title":"A low-cost strategy to improve strength-ductility-toughness balance in a low-carbon steel","authors":"F. Khorasani, R. Jamaati, H. J. Aval","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2023.2208988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2023.2208988","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current research introduces a low-cost strategy to improve strength-ductility-toughness balance in low-carbon steel containing 0.08 wt-% carbon by simple heat treatment. As the intercritical annealing temperature increased, the fraction of martensite enhanced. By increasing the annealing temperature from 770 to 830°C, the hardness of dual-phase steel was increased from 183 HV to 212 HV, which was due to the increment of martensite fraction from 0.28 to 0.49. The strength of all dual-phase steel samples produced by intercritical annealing treatment was higher than that of the initial sample owing to the presence of hard martensite in the soft ferrite. The interesting point was that the ductility of the dual-phase steels was almost the same as the initial sample. This led to a remarkable increase in the toughness of dual-phase steels compared to the initial sample. All dual-phase steels revealed a perfect ductile fracture.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42091148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2214404
Zhanlong Piao, Kai Zeng, Yan Wang, Cai-Jun Zhang, M. Gao, Yang Liu
ABSTRACT The effects of CaO/Al2O3 mass ratio on the viscosity and structure of new CaO–Al2O3–TiO2-based fluorine-free mold fluxes for high titanium steel are investigated by viscometer, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and Raman spectroscopy. When the CaO/Al2O3 mass ratio increased from 0.6 to 1.4, the viscosities and activation energies reduced from 0.43 to 0.10 Pa·s and 127.8–74.2 kJ·mol−1, respectively. While the break temperatures raised from 1385 to 1507 K. Moreover, according to MD simulation results, the concentration of high coordination of Al–O and Ti–O bonds decreased, and the complex structure units of Q3, Q4 and Q5 turned to the simple structure units of Q0, Q1 and Q2. Raman spectra suggested that the concentrations of Ti–O–Ti(Al) linkage and Q2(Si-O−) decreased significantly, but the concentration of Q1(Si–O−) increased. Therefore, CaO/Al2O3 could simplify the network structure and decrease the viscosity of new CaO–Al2O3–TiO2-based fluorine-free mold fluxes for high titanium steel.
{"title":"Viscosity and structure of CaO–Al2O3–TiO2-based mold fluxes with various CaO/Al2O3 mass ratios","authors":"Zhanlong Piao, Kai Zeng, Yan Wang, Cai-Jun Zhang, M. Gao, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2023.2214404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2023.2214404","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of CaO/Al2O3 mass ratio on the viscosity and structure of new CaO–Al2O3–TiO2-based fluorine-free mold fluxes for high titanium steel are investigated by viscometer, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and Raman spectroscopy. When the CaO/Al2O3 mass ratio increased from 0.6 to 1.4, the viscosities and activation energies reduced from 0.43 to 0.10 Pa·s and 127.8–74.2 kJ·mol−1, respectively. While the break temperatures raised from 1385 to 1507 K. Moreover, according to MD simulation results, the concentration of high coordination of Al–O and Ti–O bonds decreased, and the complex structure units of Q3, Q4 and Q5 turned to the simple structure units of Q0, Q1 and Q2. Raman spectra suggested that the concentrations of Ti–O–Ti(Al) linkage and Q2(Si-O−) decreased significantly, but the concentration of Q1(Si–O−) increased. Therefore, CaO/Al2O3 could simplify the network structure and decrease the viscosity of new CaO–Al2O3–TiO2-based fluorine-free mold fluxes for high titanium steel.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45756057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2212214
Ferdin Sagai Don Bosco, S. Kamble, S. Lakshminarasimha, G. Gupta
ABSTRACT Operational stability and productivity of an iron-making blast furnace relies on the permeability of the bed, which is adversely affected by the accumulation of unburnt coal and fine coke powder resulting from Pulverised Coal Injection (PCI) and coke degradation. Stable operation at a high PCI rate necessitates an understanding of gas-fine powder distribution, which is affected by the cohesive zone, and raceway shape and size. A computational study of a laterally injected gas-fine powder flow through a tuyere, into a packed bed is conducted in the presence of raceway and cohesive layers. An experimental correlation is used to predict the static holdup. The effect of operational parameters such as gas flow rate, particle and fine properties, and structural parameters such as cohesive zone configuration, porosity, and tuyere protrusion are analysed. Sensitivity analysis shows raceway shape, size, and interaction with the cohesive blocks affects the distribution and accumulation of fine powder.
{"title":"Cold-model numerical study of raceway shape and size effect on gas and fines flow behaviour in packed bed between the raceway and cohesive zone","authors":"Ferdin Sagai Don Bosco, S. Kamble, S. Lakshminarasimha, G. Gupta","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2023.2212214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2023.2212214","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Operational stability and productivity of an iron-making blast furnace relies on the permeability of the bed, which is adversely affected by the accumulation of unburnt coal and fine coke powder resulting from Pulverised Coal Injection (PCI) and coke degradation. Stable operation at a high PCI rate necessitates an understanding of gas-fine powder distribution, which is affected by the cohesive zone, and raceway shape and size. A computational study of a laterally injected gas-fine powder flow through a tuyere, into a packed bed is conducted in the presence of raceway and cohesive layers. An experimental correlation is used to predict the static holdup. The effect of operational parameters such as gas flow rate, particle and fine properties, and structural parameters such as cohesive zone configuration, porosity, and tuyere protrusion are analysed. Sensitivity analysis shows raceway shape, size, and interaction with the cohesive blocks affects the distribution and accumulation of fine powder.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46103324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2214407
Zhuo Chen, Guangqiang Pu, Bo Cai, S. He, Weitong Du, Huaping Huang, Yuanqing Chen
ABSTRACT The evolution of inclusions during the refining and casting process was investigated on an industrial scale to clarify the quantity and distribution of non-metallic inclusions for 321H stainless steel. The analyses showed that Al2O3-SiO2-MnO-CaO and Al2O3 as the main types of inclusions at the late of AOD and VOD, respectively. Pure titanium nitride and titanium nitride with oxide as the nuclei dominated the inclusions at the late of LF. The types of inclusions in mold and slab were similar to those obtained at the late of LF, while titanium nitride inclusions in slab were higher in numbers and larger in size. The titanium nitride inclusions precipitating with MgO-Al2O3-CaO-(TiO2) nuclei showed a higher number density and area fraction than other oxide inclusions. The calcium treatment of molten steel was optimized by FactSage software and it was necessary to accurately control the calcium content in molten steel before titanium addition.
{"title":"Evolution mechanism of inclusions during refining and continuous casting process of 321H stainless steel","authors":"Zhuo Chen, Guangqiang Pu, Bo Cai, S. He, Weitong Du, Huaping Huang, Yuanqing Chen","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2023.2214407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2023.2214407","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The evolution of inclusions during the refining and casting process was investigated on an industrial scale to clarify the quantity and distribution of non-metallic inclusions for 321H stainless steel. The analyses showed that Al2O3-SiO2-MnO-CaO and Al2O3 as the main types of inclusions at the late of AOD and VOD, respectively. Pure titanium nitride and titanium nitride with oxide as the nuclei dominated the inclusions at the late of LF. The types of inclusions in mold and slab were similar to those obtained at the late of LF, while titanium nitride inclusions in slab were higher in numbers and larger in size. The titanium nitride inclusions precipitating with MgO-Al2O3-CaO-(TiO2) nuclei showed a higher number density and area fraction than other oxide inclusions. The calcium treatment of molten steel was optimized by FactSage software and it was necessary to accurately control the calcium content in molten steel before titanium addition.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47555370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2210901
Sujan Hazra, S. Pal, Devi Dutta Biswajeet, Manisha Sahoo, Garwa Sunny Tarachand, Debanjana Bhattacharyya, S. Nag, S. Seetharaman
ABSTRACT The productivity of the blast furnace Ironmaking process is significantly dependent on the slag chemistry. The presence of compounds like Al2O3 in high quantities can make the hearth slag highly viscous and difficult to tap. The objective of part-1 of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of high alumina (Al2O3 > 15%) compositions in the blast furnace slags. Slag viscosity, liquidus temperature, activation energy, etc., are critically reviewed with respective solutions to operate under the desired conditions. Flow parameters of the slag are examined to understand the melting-softening phenomena which directly affect the slag tap-to-tap time. The addition of certain additives to the slag system has also been studied with the aim to improve the target properties of the slag. A range of slag compositions and their optimization techniques are discussed in this part to provide greater insight into the topic.
{"title":"Optimization of high alumina slag practice in blast furnace ironmaking: an industrial approach (PART 1: fundamental aspects)","authors":"Sujan Hazra, S. Pal, Devi Dutta Biswajeet, Manisha Sahoo, Garwa Sunny Tarachand, Debanjana Bhattacharyya, S. Nag, S. Seetharaman","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2023.2210901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2023.2210901","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The productivity of the blast furnace Ironmaking process is significantly dependent on the slag chemistry. The presence of compounds like Al2O3 in high quantities can make the hearth slag highly viscous and difficult to tap. The objective of part-1 of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of high alumina (Al2O3 > 15%) compositions in the blast furnace slags. Slag viscosity, liquidus temperature, activation energy, etc., are critically reviewed with respective solutions to operate under the desired conditions. Flow parameters of the slag are examined to understand the melting-softening phenomena which directly affect the slag tap-to-tap time. The addition of certain additives to the slag system has also been studied with the aim to improve the target properties of the slag. A range of slag compositions and their optimization techniques are discussed in this part to provide greater insight into the topic.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46056689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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