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Review of pellets and blast furnace slag research progress: the effects of MgO on metallurgical properties 球团和高炉矿渣研究进展综述:MgO对冶金性能的影响
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2192113
Bojian Chen, Tao Jiang, Jing Wen, Lin Li, Peng Hu
ABSTRACT It is imperative to reduce the pollution and energy consumption in the blast furnace ironmaking process. High pellets operation is a developing direction in the future. The function of blast furnace slag system cannot be ignored. In order to balance the MgO content in blast furnace slag and improve the metallurgical properties of pellets in the high pellets ratio operation, the research on MgO-bearing pellets is necessary. In this paper, the metallurgical properties of MgO-bearing pellets and the properties of blast furnace slag effect by MgO in different raw material conditions, especially for Vanadium Titanomagnetite, were analysed and summarized. This review provided a reference for the development of MgO-bearing pellets and the performance of blast furnace slag effect by MgO. It is hoped to reduce pollution and promote the technical progress of blast furnace ironmaking.
降低高炉炼铁过程中的污染和能耗势在必行。高颗粒操作是未来的发展方向。高炉矿渣系统的作用不容忽视。为了平衡高炉矿渣中MgO的含量,提高球团矿在高球团比运行中的冶金性能,有必要对含MgO球团矿进行研究。本文分析和总结了含MgO球团的冶金性能以及不同原料条件下MgO对高炉矿渣的影响,特别是对钒钛磁铁矿的影响。这篇综述为含MgO球团的开发和MgO对高炉矿渣效应的研究提供了参考。希望能减少污染,促进高炉炼铁技术进步。
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引用次数: 2
Numerical simulation analysis of the rolling process based on the particle swarm hybrid algorithm 基于粒子群混合算法的轧制过程数值模拟分析
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2203009
Z. Yan, He-Nan Bu, Hao Li, Lei Hong
ABSTRACT It is very complicated to study the three-dimensional deformation of metal during rolling. The conventional finite element numerical analysis method generally adopts a fixed algorithm to calculate the whole rolling process. This method consumes huge computing power and sacrifices some computing accuracy. In this paper, according to the characteristics of different rolling stages, on the basis of considering the degree of metal deformation, a particle swarm hybrid algorithm with adaptive weight-learning factor is proposed.The Zoutendijk algorithm, Rosen algorithm, Wolfe algorithm and particle swarm hybrid algorithm are used to numerically simulate the rolling transverse thickness distribution. The accuracy of the rolling model and the particle swarm hybrid algorithm are verified. The influence of work roll edge contact and asymmetric roll bending on the deformation of rolling metal is analysed based on particle swarm mixing algorithm.
研究金属轧制过程中的三维变形是一个非常复杂的过程。传统的有限元数值分析方法通常采用固定的算法来计算整个轧制过程。这种方法消耗了巨大的计算能力,并牺牲了一些计算精度。本文根据不同轧制阶段的特点,在考虑金属变形程度的基础上,提出了一种具有自适应权值学习因子的粒子群混合算法。采用Zoutendijk算法、Rosen算法、Wolfe算法和粒子群混合算法对轧制横向厚度分布进行了数值模拟。验证了滚动模型和粒子群混合算法的准确性。基于粒子群混合算法,分析了工作辊边缘接触和不对称弯曲对轧制金属变形的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancement of strength of blast furnace flue dust – iron oxide – fly ash composite briquette using ANOVA-based mathematical model 基于方差分析的数学模型提高高炉烟尘-氧化铁-粉煤灰复合型煤强度
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2200596
R. Das, M. K. Mondal, S. Pramanik
ABSTRACT Utilisation of by-products of an integrated steel plant improves productivity with diverse mix of raw materials used for iron making. The strength of a briquette made with Blast furnace flue dust and iron oxide with fly ash as a binder depends upon the briquetting pressure, particle size of fly ash, fly ash quantity, and curing temperature. In this study, the effect of process variables on the strength was investigated with ANOVA. The correlation between the process parameters and the strength was examined experimentally and RSM-based optimisation was performed during the preparation of briquettes. The RSM provided optimisation with a confidence level of 95% using the CCD design. This paper demonstrates the correlation between applied pressure, particle size, fly ash quantity, and curing temperature. The developed mathematical model would help in predicting the variation in the compressive strength with the change in the level of different parameters. This model can be useful for setting the optimum value of the parameters for achieving the target compressive strength.
摘要综合钢铁厂的副产品利用可用于炼铁的多种原材料来提高生产力。用高炉烟尘和氧化铁以粉煤灰为粘结剂制成的型煤的强度取决于成型压力、粉煤灰粒度、粉煤灰量和固化温度。本研究采用方差分析法研究了工艺变量对强度的影响。通过实验检验了工艺参数与强度之间的相关性,并在制备压块过程中进行了基于RSM的优化。RSM使用CCD设计提供了95%置信水平的优化。本文论证了外加压力、颗粒大小、粉煤灰用量和固化温度之间的相关性。所开发的数学模型将有助于预测抗压强度随不同参数水平变化的变化。该模型可用于设置用于实现目标抗压强度的参数的最佳值。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the effects of lubrication type, blankholder force and force holding time on the spring-back behaviour for hat-shaped MART steels 润滑方式、压边力和保力时间对帽形MART钢回弹性能影响的研究
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2199615
Nuri Şen, Tolgahan Ci̇vek, İrem Yalçin
ABSTRACT In this study, hat-shaped bending experiments have been conducted on MART1200 and MART1400 Ultra-High-Strength Steels (UHSS). To investigate the influence of different lubrication conditions, on the spring-back, three different lubricant types (Graphite, Teflon film and Teflon film + Graphite) have been used in the experiments. A constant 6.5 tons of bottoming force has been applied at the end of the bending stroke and the force has been held on the samples for 0, 10s and 60s to observe the effect of force holding time on the spring-back. In addition, the effect of blankholder force on the spring-back has also been investigated for MART1400 steel. It has been found that the decrease of blankholder force and the friction between the die and sheet interfaces has considerably reduced the spring-back in the sidewalls and flange regions and also lowered the side wall curl. It has been revealed through finite element analysis that the sheet bottom has suffered a larger deformation in lower friction conditions and blankholder forces and caused in the reduction of spring-back.
摘要本研究对MART1200和MART1400超高强度钢(UHSS)进行了帽形弯曲试验。为了研究不同润滑条件对回弹的影响,实验中使用了三种不同的润滑剂类型(石墨、聚四氟乙烯膜和聚四氟乙烯膜+石墨)。在弯曲行程结束时,施加6.5吨的恒定触底力,并将力保持在样品上0、10和60秒,以观察力保持时间对回弹的影响。此外,还研究了MART1400钢压边力对回弹的影响。已经发现,压边器力和模具与片材界面之间的摩擦力的减小显著地减少了侧壁和凸缘区域中的回弹,并且还降低了侧壁卷曲。有限元分析表明,在较低的摩擦条件和压边力下,板底发生了较大的变形,导致回弹减小。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of two-step austempering at different temperatures on mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 9254 high silicon steel 不同温度下两步等温淬火对AISI9254高硅钢力学和组织性能的影响
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2204268
Burak Nalcaci, Meltem Baysun, A. Bahador, J. Umeda, S. Münstermann, A. Kaya, M. Erdoğan
ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to understand the effects of two-step austempering treatment on an AISI 9254 high silicon steel towards tailoring the properties as desired while simultaneously employing the benefits of high and low austempering temperatures. The samples were initially austenitized at 850°C for 20 min, followed by austempering in a salt bath at the temperatures of 250–270–290°C for 20 min during the first stage. Subsequently, a second stage austempering was carried out by raising the temperature of the salt bath to 300°C at an average heating rate of 0.5°C/min, and the samples were kept in the salt bath for achieving a total austempering time of 120 min including the heating time. A conventional single-stage austempering was also conducted for comparison purposes, in which the austenitization temperature, the austempering temperatures and total time (stage I and stage II, i.e. 120 min) were kept the same for the benchmark samples. In the characterization studies, tensile test, hardness test, XRD analysis, optical microscope and field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with EBSD detector were utilized. The findings of this study indicated that lowering the austempering temperature resulted in refining the structure with a decrease in the amount of austenite. According to the carbon content analysis through XRD patterns, the two-step austempering processes appeared to have considerably increased the carbon content of the austenite irrespective of austempering temperature. The best ultimate tensile strength (U.T.S) of 2194 MPa was achieved in the conventionally austempered sample at the lowest temperature of 250°C, while the best yield strength (Y.S.) of 1753 MPa was reached in the stepped austempered sample initially at 250°C followed by 300°C. In general, two-step austempering process led to a higher yield strength while affecting the ultimate tensile strength and total elongation depending on the austempering temperature.
摘要本研究旨在了解两步等温淬火处理对AISI 9254高硅钢的影响,以根据需要调整性能,同时利用高和低等温淬火温度的优势。样品最初在850°C下奥氏体化20 min,然后在250–270–290°C的盐浴中进行20 min。随后,通过以0.5°C/min的平均加热速率将盐浴的温度提高到300°C来进行第二阶段的等温淬火,并将样品保持在盐浴中以实现120的总等温淬火时间 min,包括加热时间。为了进行比较,还进行了传统的单级等温淬火,其中奥氏体化温度、等温淬火温度和总时间(阶段I和阶段II,即120 min)保持相同。在表征研究中,采用了拉伸试验、硬度试验、XRD分析、光学显微镜和配备EBSD检测器的场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)。研究结果表明,降低等温淬火温度可使组织细化,奥氏体含量减少。根据XRD图谱的碳含量分析,无论等温淬火温度如何,两步等温淬火工艺似乎都显著增加了奥氏体的碳含量。2194的最佳极限抗拉强度(U.T.S) 在250°C的最低温度下,常规等温淬火样品达到了MPa,而1753的最佳屈服强度(Y.S.) 在阶跃等温淬火样品中,最初在250°C下,然后在300°C下达到MPa。一般来说,两步等温淬火工艺导致更高的屈服强度,同时根据等温淬火温度影响极限抗拉强度和总伸长率。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of coke reactivity on softening-melting and dripping behaviors of sinter 焦炭反应性对烧结矿软熔滴行为的影响
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2200621
Ruijun Yan, Zhenggen Liu, M. Chu, Peijun Liu
ABSTRACT The use of high reactivity coke in blast furnaces is an important direction for low-carbon development. In this study, we investigated the effect of coke reactivity on the softening-melting behaviors of the sinter. The results show that the gasification temperature of coke decreased with increasing coke reactivity. With increasing coke reactivity from 24.75% to 45.11%, the initial melting temperature rose from 1294°C to 1312°C, the dripping temperature dropped from 1522°C to 1507°C and the melting region decreased from 228°C to 195°C, respectively. The cohesive zone shifted downward and the thickness narrowed. The permeability index and highest differential pressure dropped from 1219.67 KPa·°C to 607.61 KPa·°C and from 7.0962 KPa to 4.8523 KPa, respectively. Coke with high reactivity can improve the gas permeability of burden. The gas utilization ratio in the softening-melting and dripping processes of the sinter raised by about 2% with increasing coke reactivity.
高炉使用高活性焦炭是低碳发展的重要方向。在本研究中,我们研究了焦炭反应性对烧结矿软化熔融行为的影响。结果表明,焦炭的气化温度随焦炭反应活性的提高而降低。随着焦炭反应活性从24.75%提高到45.11%,初始熔融温度从1294°C上升到1312°C,滴落温度从1522°C下降到1507°C,熔融区从228°C下降至195°C。粘结带向下移动,厚度变窄。渗透率指数和最高压差分别从1219.67 KPa·°C降至607.61 KPa·℃和从7.0962 KPa降至4.8523 KPa。高反应性焦炭可以改善炉料的透气性。随着焦炭反应活性的提高,烧结矿在软化熔融和滴落过程中的气体利用率提高了约2%。
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引用次数: 1
Modification of MnS inclusion with trace tellurium to improve the machinability of medium-carbon low-sulfur steel 微量碲对MnS夹杂物的改性提高中碳低硫钢的机械加工性能
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-04-16 DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2197526
N. Liu, Qianren Tian, Zifei Wang, Xiangyu Xu, Jianxun Fu
ABSTRACT Under the industrial process conditions, trace tellurium (13 ppm and 22 ppm) was added to medium-carbon low-sulfur steel to optimize the morphology of MnS inclusion and thereby enhance the machinability of the steel. Voller-Beckermann microsegregation model was used to calculate the precipitation thermodynamics and growth kinetics of MnS inclusion. The morphology of observed MnS inclusion is mainly polygonal (type III), the observed microstructures of the steel are bulk-, acicular-ferrite, and pearlite, the inclusions are mainly present in the bulk-ferrite. The calculation results of inclusion relative plasticity show that 13 ppm Te reduces the relative plasticity of inclusions, while at a Te content of 22 ppm, the relative plasticity of inclusions increases by approximately 70%. Compared with the steel without Te, when containing 22 ppm Te, the material has the best machinability, the average cutting force and average surface roughness of steel are reduced by 3.47% and 38.75%, respectively.
摘要在工业工艺条件下,向中碳低硫钢中添加微量碲(13ppm和22ppm),以优化MnS夹杂物的形态,从而提高钢的机械加工性能。采用Voller-Beckermann微偏析模型计算了MnS包裹体的析出热力学和生长动力学。观察到的MnS夹杂物形态主要为多边形(III型),观察到的钢的微观组织为大块、针状铁素体和珠光体,夹杂物主要存在于大块铁素体中。夹杂物相对塑性的计算结果表明,13ppm的Te降低了夹杂物的相对塑性,而当Te含量为22ppm时,夹杂物的相对可塑性增加了约70%。与不含Te的钢相比,当Te含量为22ppm时,该材料具有最佳的可加工性,钢的平均切削力和平均表面粗糙度分别降低了3.47%和38.75%。
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引用次数: 2
Prediction model of BOF end-point phosphorus content and sulfur content based on LWOA-TSVR 基于LWOA-TSVR的转炉终点磷硫含量预测模型
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-04-16 DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2196745
C. Shi, Shiyu Guo, Baoshuai Wang, Zhicai Ma, C. Wu, Peng Sun
ABSTRACT Precise control of the end-point phosphorus and sulfur content in converter steelmaking is critical to ensuring steel quality. An end-point prediction model based on LWOA-TSVR is established to better control the BOF end-point content of phosphorus and sulfur. The prediction impact is compared to the models BP, SVM, and TSVR. The results indicate that the LWOA-TSVR model outperforms the other three models in terms of accuracy. And the prediction model is applied to a steel mill. The results showed that the hit rates of phosphorus content and sulfur content were: 96.3%, 81.7%, and 94.8%, 76.9% in the range of ±0.005% and ±0.003%, respectively. The double hit rate was: 87.63% in the range of ±0.005%. Thus, it is demonstrated that the LWOA-TSVR prediction model performs effective prediction of end-point phosphorus and sulfur content with prediction accuracy that exceeds that required by the real steelmaking process in a steel mill.
转炉炼钢终点磷硫含量的精确控制是保证钢质量的关键。为了更好地控制转炉终点磷硫含量,建立了基于LWOA-TSVR的终点预测模型。并与BP、SVM和TSVR模型的预测效果进行了比较。结果表明,LWOA-TSVR模型在准确率上优于其他三种模型。并将该预测模型应用于某钢厂。结果表明,在±0.005%和±0.003%范围内,磷含量和硫含量的命中率分别为96.3%、81.7%和94.8%、76.9%。在±0.005%范围内,双命中率为:87.63%。结果表明,LWOA-TSVR预测模型能够有效地预测终点磷和硫含量,预测精度超过钢厂实际炼钢过程的预测精度。
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引用次数: 1
Directionally solidified structure of peritectic steel 包晶钢的定向凝固组织
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-04-16 DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2194736
Zhenqiang Deng, Yaqiang Li, Pengcheng Sheng, Lu-kuo Hong, Nan Zhang, Mengfan Li
ABSTRACT The solidification structure of peritectic steels (15CrMo and 20CrMo) was studied using directional solidification experiments. An island dendrite structure was observed in the hypoperitectic steel (15CrMo) at growth velocities of 15, 50, and 80 μm·s−1. While a traditional peritectic dendritic structure was observed in the hyperperitectic steel (20CrMo) at growth velocities of 15 and 50 μm·s−1, an island dendrite structure was observed at a growth velocity of 80 μm·s−1. An analysis of the solute distributions near the liquid-solid interface during solidification revealed the role of the steel grade and cooling velocity on the formation of island dendrite structures. Higher cooling velocities caused higher carbon concentration gradients in the liquid phase near the liquid-solid interface, leading to a stronger driving force for the peritectic reaction and, consequently, a more favourable formation of island dendrite structures. Hypoperitectic steel is more prone to the formation of island dendrite structures than hyperperitectic steel.
采用定向凝固实验研究了包晶钢(15CrMo和20CrMo)的凝固组织。在15、50和80的生长速度下,在亚共晶钢(15CrMo)中观察到岛状枝晶结构 μm·s−1。而在15和50的生长速度下,在超共晶钢(20CrMo)中观察到传统的包晶树枝状结构 μm·s−1时,在80的生长速度下观察到岛状枝晶结构 μm·s−1。对凝固过程中液固界面附近溶质分布的分析揭示了钢种和冷却速度对岛状枝晶组织形成的作用。更高的冷却速度导致液-固界面附近液相中的碳浓度梯度更高,导致包晶反应的驱动力更强,从而更有利地形成岛状枝晶结构。次包晶钢比过包晶钢更容易形成岛状枝晶结构。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of the ribbon length to determine the viscosity of ladle-refining powder containing CaF2 using inclined plane test and advanced mathematical model 用斜面试验和先进数学模型预测含CaF2钢包精炼粉的带长以确定其粘度
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-04-16 DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2023.2184988
Mohammad Kuwaiti, A. Alaei, Mehdi Mansouri Hasan Abadi, Reza Ebrahimi Kahrizsangi, H. Ghayour
ABSTRACT In the present research, the inclined plane test (IPT) and an author-developed advanced mathematical model were used to determine the viscosity of ladle-refining + CaF2 powder containing 3–10% CaF2 (LRC powder). The ladle slag powder is composed of such compounds as CaO, Al2O3, SiO2 containing percentages of CaF2 to make special changes to the chemical and physical properties of the compound. The procedure for determination of the viscosity obtained by IPT method was supported using a high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the ribbon lengths of LRC powder obtained by using the IPT method were related to an Arrhenius relationship of viscosity. Furthermore, from the advanced mathematical relationships, it was found that there is a very close relationship between the oxygen-to-silicon molar ratio (O/Si), basic/acidic oxide molar ratio (B/A), the number of non-bridging oxygen per tetrahedrally-coordinated atoms (NBO/T), and the chemical compositions of LRC powder. Hence, the advanced mathematical relationships from the software output, and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), were used to determine the prediction model of the viscosity of LRC powder based on its chemical composition. This model had a very good correlation with the actual values obtained.
摘要采用倾斜平面试验(IPT)和作者建立的先进数学模型,对含3-10% CaF2的钢包精炼+ CaF2粉(LRC粉)的粘度进行了测定。钢包渣粉由CaO、Al2O3、SiO2等化合物组成,其中含有一定比例的CaF2,使化合物的化学和物理性质发生特殊变化。用高温粘度计支持IPT法测定粘度的方法。结果表明,IPT法得到的LRC粉带长度与粘度呈Arrhenius关系。此外,从高级数学关系上发现,氧硅摩尔比(O/Si)、碱性/酸性氧化物摩尔比(B/ a)、每个四面体配位原子的非桥氧数(NBO/T)与LRC粉末的化学成分之间存在非常密切的关系。因此,利用软件输出的高级数学关系和社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)来确定基于LRC粉末化学成分的粘度预测模型。该模型与实际得到的值有很好的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
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Ironmaking & Steelmaking
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