Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2137911
John Lewis, H. Cockings, D. Stewart, James Russell, Matthew H. Thomas, M. Greenslade
ABSTRACT Coal char presence in blast furnace dust, indicates the inefficiency of combustion in the raceway. A retroactive approach has been applied by investigating the presence of carbon sources in blast furnace dust via carbon type differentiation methodologies. The current state of the art in carbon type differentiation for similar applications consists of thermogravimetric analysis, however this technique does not allow for samples to be analysed in line with the ever-changing conditions of the blast furnace. Here, the TGA method has been trialled for use with blast furnace dust, with improvements offered to the heating profile, allowing for faster analysis. Moreover, alternative techniques have been trialled, in combination with characterisation methods such as XRD, SEM/EDS, total carbon and ICP-OES. The ‘Winkler Method’ originally designed to quantify charcoal in soil sediment, has been successfully optimised for carbon type differentiation in blast furnace dust, showing good correlation with the original benchmark technique.
{"title":"Investigating carbon type differentiation techniques for blast furnace dust","authors":"John Lewis, H. Cockings, D. Stewart, James Russell, Matthew H. Thomas, M. Greenslade","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2137911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2137911","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Coal char presence in blast furnace dust, indicates the inefficiency of combustion in the raceway. A retroactive approach has been applied by investigating the presence of carbon sources in blast furnace dust via carbon type differentiation methodologies. The current state of the art in carbon type differentiation for similar applications consists of thermogravimetric analysis, however this technique does not allow for samples to be analysed in line with the ever-changing conditions of the blast furnace. Here, the TGA method has been trialled for use with blast furnace dust, with improvements offered to the heating profile, allowing for faster analysis. Moreover, alternative techniques have been trialled, in combination with characterisation methods such as XRD, SEM/EDS, total carbon and ICP-OES. The ‘Winkler Method’ originally designed to quantify charcoal in soil sediment, has been successfully optimised for carbon type differentiation in blast furnace dust, showing good correlation with the original benchmark technique.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49666243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2133430
Zhi-qi Miao, G. Cheng, Shi-jian Li, Yunpeng Wang, Wei-xing Dai, WenWen Du
ABSTRACT The impacts of slag composition on the CaO content in inclusions during vacuum degassing(VD) treatment are presented. Industrial trials and thermodynamic calculations are used to test, analyze and identify proper optimization method. After optimization, the CaO content of inclusions after VD treatment decreases from 11.3mass% to 7.4mass%. Furthermore, the quantity of CaO containing inclusions in hot-rolled bar decreases from 146 to 41 as well. It is found that the ideal kinetic conditions and the evaporation of Ca during VD process combined trigger and are expected to further enhance the reaction between Al in liquid steel and CaO in slag. Some of the Ca generated from slag will further react with the inclusions which leads to the increase of CaO content in inclusions and equivalent circle diameter of the inclusions. The mathematical correlations among the components of slag in equilibrium with that of liquid steel is obtained by thermodynamic calculations.
{"title":"Slag optimization to control CaO increase in inclusions during vacuum degassing of high carbon chromium-bearing steel","authors":"Zhi-qi Miao, G. Cheng, Shi-jian Li, Yunpeng Wang, Wei-xing Dai, WenWen Du","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2133430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2133430","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The impacts of slag composition on the CaO content in inclusions during vacuum degassing(VD) treatment are presented. Industrial trials and thermodynamic calculations are used to test, analyze and identify proper optimization method. After optimization, the CaO content of inclusions after VD treatment decreases from 11.3mass% to 7.4mass%. Furthermore, the quantity of CaO containing inclusions in hot-rolled bar decreases from 146 to 41 as well. It is found that the ideal kinetic conditions and the evaporation of Ca during VD process combined trigger and are expected to further enhance the reaction between Al in liquid steel and CaO in slag. Some of the Ca generated from slag will further react with the inclusions which leads to the increase of CaO content in inclusions and equivalent circle diameter of the inclusions. The mathematical correlations among the components of slag in equilibrium with that of liquid steel is obtained by thermodynamic calculations.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46097516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2133425
Zhenyang Wang, Ruiyu Li, Y. Zong, Peng Hu, Jianliang Zhang
ABSTRACT The flue gas temperature of the Smelting Reduction Vessel (SRV) in the HIsmelt process is high while the temperature of the molten iron is low. Therefore, the heat transfer efficiency between the upper and lower regions in the SRV needs to be further improved. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the SRV were studied to derive the mass fraction, temperature distribution, and gas motion. The error between the simulated and measured values remained stable within 5%. The gas in the centre of the SRV shows a high-speed vortex flow. The combustion reaction mainly occurs in the centre of the furnace. Since the heat transfer in the furnace is mainly influenced by the gas flow, the high-temperature zone shows a U-shaped distribution and is mainly around the centre of the region, the oxygen lance outlet, and the furnace wall.
{"title":"Simulation of the flow, temperature, and concentration fields in the reactor of the HIsmelt process","authors":"Zhenyang Wang, Ruiyu Li, Y. Zong, Peng Hu, Jianliang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2133425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2133425","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The flue gas temperature of the Smelting Reduction Vessel (SRV) in the HIsmelt process is high while the temperature of the molten iron is low. Therefore, the heat transfer efficiency between the upper and lower regions in the SRV needs to be further improved. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the SRV were studied to derive the mass fraction, temperature distribution, and gas motion. The error between the simulated and measured values remained stable within 5%. The gas in the centre of the SRV shows a high-speed vortex flow. The combustion reaction mainly occurs in the centre of the furnace. Since the heat transfer in the furnace is mainly influenced by the gas flow, the high-temperature zone shows a U-shaped distribution and is mainly around the centre of the region, the oxygen lance outlet, and the furnace wall.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44930463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Under the dual requirements of cost reduction and double carbon goal, it is more meaningful to reduce the continuous consumption of graphite electrode in ladle furnace. In this paper, the three-dimensional coupling model of electromagnetic field, heat transfer, flow field is established, and the influence of embedded steel rod on the current, temperature and continuous consumption of graphite in the electrode was studied. The current in graphite and steel rod is mainly distributed in the edge area near the left electrode, respectively. With the increase of the radius of the steel rod, the proportion of the current passing through the steel rod to the total current increases, the area of each temperature range above 500 K and the total continuous consumption rate of the electrode decrease.
{"title":"Effect of steel rod embedded in electrode on continuous consumption of graphite by using numerical simulation","authors":"Zhaozhao Yan, Jiongming Zhang, Yanbin Yin, Haitao Ma, Huayang Liu, Xingxing Wu","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2135810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2135810","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Under the dual requirements of cost reduction and double carbon goal, it is more meaningful to reduce the continuous consumption of graphite electrode in ladle furnace. In this paper, the three-dimensional coupling model of electromagnetic field, heat transfer, flow field is established, and the influence of embedded steel rod on the current, temperature and continuous consumption of graphite in the electrode was studied. The current in graphite and steel rod is mainly distributed in the edge area near the left electrode, respectively. With the increase of the radius of the steel rod, the proportion of the current passing through the steel rod to the total current increases, the area of each temperature range above 500 K and the total continuous consumption rate of the electrode decrease.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43682282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2124655
Cui Xiying, Wei Baomin, W. Jianhui, Bai Xiaoshuai, Bai Zhenhua
ABSTRACT In view of the influence of the fluctuation of incoming material composition, finishing temperature and coiling temperature on the deformation resistance in the cold rolling process during the hot rolling process, the optimization objective function is established by combining the analytic method and big data regression. Further, the relevant characteristic coefficients are calculated through a large number of on-site actual data, and the deformation resistance model of hot-rolled finished strip and the rolling pressure prediction model of cold rolling process are obtained. Through the field test, the deviation between the predicted rolling force and the actual rolling force is less than 2%, and the accuracy of the model can meet the engineering requirements. More importantly, after using the research results described in this paper, the quality of cold rolled strip shape has been significantly improved, which can greatly improve the economic efficiency and market competitiveness of enterprises.
{"title":"Research on deformation resistance of strip steel and rolling force prediction during cold rolling based on the hot rolling parameters","authors":"Cui Xiying, Wei Baomin, W. Jianhui, Bai Xiaoshuai, Bai Zhenhua","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2124655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2124655","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 In view of the influence of the fluctuation of incoming material composition, finishing temperature and coiling temperature on the deformation resistance in the cold rolling process during the hot rolling process, the optimization objective function is established by combining the analytic method and big data regression. Further, the relevant characteristic coefficients are calculated through a large number of on-site actual data, and the deformation resistance model of hot-rolled finished strip and the rolling pressure prediction model of cold rolling process are obtained. Through the field test, the deviation between the predicted rolling force and the actual rolling force is less than 2%, and the accuracy of the model can meet the engineering requirements. More importantly, after using the research results described in this paper, the quality of cold rolled strip shape has been significantly improved, which can greatly improve the economic efficiency and market competitiveness of enterprises.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59282329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2131120
Yuhang Zhang, G. Wei, Meichen Wang, R. Zhu
ABSTRACT Due to its excellent metallurgical properties, Coherent Jet Oxygen Lance gradually replaces the traditional supersonic oxygen lance. This study is based on the traditional coherent jet oxygen lance that uses natural gas as the ring combustion gas and uses hydrogen as the gas to replace it. Numerical simulation is used to explore the basic characteristics and laws of hydrogen–oxygen coherent jet injection. Based on the fluid theory, the geometric parameters of the hydrogen–oxygen coherent jet oxygen lance are obtained through strict mathematical derivation. A systematic study of the mixture of hydrogen and natural gas as fuel gas was carried out, and the results were analysed in detail. This study is the first to clarify the application mechanism of hydrogen as a gas in the coherent jet oxygen lance, provide a reference for the injection parameters of EAFand expand the research direction of hydrogen energy in the field of steelmaking.
{"title":"Basic research on the coherent jet with hydrogen as the surrounding gas","authors":"Yuhang Zhang, G. Wei, Meichen Wang, R. Zhu","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2131120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2131120","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to its excellent metallurgical properties, Coherent Jet Oxygen Lance gradually replaces the traditional supersonic oxygen lance. This study is based on the traditional coherent jet oxygen lance that uses natural gas as the ring combustion gas and uses hydrogen as the gas to replace it. Numerical simulation is used to explore the basic characteristics and laws of hydrogen–oxygen coherent jet injection. Based on the fluid theory, the geometric parameters of the hydrogen–oxygen coherent jet oxygen lance are obtained through strict mathematical derivation. A systematic study of the mixture of hydrogen and natural gas as fuel gas was carried out, and the results were analysed in detail. This study is the first to clarify the application mechanism of hydrogen as a gas in the coherent jet oxygen lance, provide a reference for the injection parameters of EAFand expand the research direction of hydrogen energy in the field of steelmaking.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44659348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2128403
Zhuming Chen, Shuixin Ye, S. Geng, Kai-kai Zhu, Yuwen Zhang, X. Zou, Xionggang Lu
ABSTRACT The effects of the application of iron coke in hydrogen-rich blast furnace atmosphere on the softening and melting performance of burden were studied.The results indicated that with the increase in hydrogen content, the cohesive zone of mixed burden became narrower and the permeability of charge was improved, and the suitable hydrogen content was 10vol.-%. The application of iron coke could promote the iron ore reduction and carburizing of iron, decrease the melting temperature by 1–10°C, decrease the dripping temperature by 5–16°C, narrow the cohesive zone, improve the air permeability with S value decrease of 3.19–13.87 kPa °C, and reduce the dissolution loss of coke and ensure the skeleton function of coke. The suitable burden structure was confirmed as follows, i.e. the ratio of pellets and sinter is 4:6, and the ratio of iron coke and coke is 2:8.
{"title":"Softening and melting performance of mixed burden under the simulated hydrogen-rich blast furnace atmosphere","authors":"Zhuming Chen, Shuixin Ye, S. Geng, Kai-kai Zhu, Yuwen Zhang, X. Zou, Xionggang Lu","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2128403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2128403","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The effects of the application of iron coke in hydrogen-rich blast furnace atmosphere on the softening and melting performance of burden were studied.The results indicated that with the increase in hydrogen content, the cohesive zone of mixed burden became narrower and the permeability of charge was improved, and the suitable hydrogen content was 10vol.-%. The application of iron coke could promote the iron ore reduction and carburizing of iron, decrease the melting temperature by 1–10°C, decrease the dripping temperature by 5–16°C, narrow the cohesive zone, improve the air permeability with S value decrease of 3.19–13.87 kPa °C, and reduce the dissolution loss of coke and ensure the skeleton function of coke. The suitable burden structure was confirmed as follows, i.e. the ratio of pellets and sinter is 4:6, and the ratio of iron coke and coke is 2:8.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48547786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2112492
Xin Li, Yang Liu, Hucheng Zhang, Di Guobiao, C. Ji, Haibo Li, Jingang Liu, Mengyun Zhang
ABSTRACT Hot delivery and charging techniques can significantly reduce energy consumption, carbon emissions, and the production cycle of products. The defect-free slab is the precondition of this techniques. Herein, the morphological characteristics of the longitudinal cracks were described in detail. The actual phase transition process and solidification shrinkage behavior were analyzed considering the effect of alloy elements. Due to the unreasonable submerged entry nozzle (SEN) structure, the vertical heat transfer is not optimal around the meniscus. When the gap cannot be filled with sufficient liquid slag, an air gap is easily formed between the solidified shell and the mould plates. The effect of uneven solidification and stress concentration on the crack formation will be enlarged by the air gap. A novel SEN with a reasonable structure can significantly improve the thickness of the liquid slag layer and solidification uniformity, and decrease the crack sensitivity of the steel.
{"title":"Formation and control of longitudinal cracks in hypoperitectic steel slabs","authors":"Xin Li, Yang Liu, Hucheng Zhang, Di Guobiao, C. Ji, Haibo Li, Jingang Liu, Mengyun Zhang","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2112492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2112492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hot delivery and charging techniques can significantly reduce energy consumption, carbon emissions, and the production cycle of products. The defect-free slab is the precondition of this techniques. Herein, the morphological characteristics of the longitudinal cracks were described in detail. The actual phase transition process and solidification shrinkage behavior were analyzed considering the effect of alloy elements. Due to the unreasonable submerged entry nozzle (SEN) structure, the vertical heat transfer is not optimal around the meniscus. When the gap cannot be filled with sufficient liquid slag, an air gap is easily formed between the solidified shell and the mould plates. The effect of uneven solidification and stress concentration on the crack formation will be enlarged by the air gap. A novel SEN with a reasonable structure can significantly improve the thickness of the liquid slag layer and solidification uniformity, and decrease the crack sensitivity of the steel.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45057031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2128550
T. Maia, V. C. Onofri
ABSTRACT This paper presents a multidisciplinary review of electric arc furnace (EAF) and ladle furnace (LF) power plants in use for steel production. The EAF and LF systems comprise of critical electrical equipment that is prone to fail. Depending on the fault condition, a complete shutdown can emerge and consequently cause production loss. This paper presents, in view of an electrical system, each equipment that is needed in order to correctly operate an EAF and an LF. The state of art of each equipment is presented in this review, together with some discussion of the possible problems and solutions that can emerge in this kind of installation, including its impact on the steel production.
{"title":"Survey on the electric arc furnace and ladle furnace electric system","authors":"T. Maia, V. C. Onofri","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2128550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2128550","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents a multidisciplinary review of electric arc furnace (EAF) and ladle furnace (LF) power plants in use for steel production. The EAF and LF systems comprise of critical electrical equipment that is prone to fail. Depending on the fault condition, a complete shutdown can emerge and consequently cause production loss. This paper presents, in view of an electrical system, each equipment that is needed in order to correctly operate an EAF and an LF. The state of art of each equipment is presented in this review, together with some discussion of the possible problems and solutions that can emerge in this kind of installation, including its impact on the steel production.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59282370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2022.2124491
A. Hosseini, E. Moosavi-Khoonsari, K. Meijer, Johannes L. T. Hage, T. Peeters, Erik Offerman, Yongxiang Yang
ABSTRACT HIsarna reactor is characterized by a high raw materials versatility and is therefore attractive for processing secondary iron sources. Among the materials that can be recycled through HIsarna, zinc-bearing material has drawn a special attention. Based on the plant data, once dust-containing Zinc was injected into the main reactor, a final collected dust with a zinc content of 16% was achieved which opened up possibilities of higher enrichment for direct reuse in Zn smelting as a secondary source and an alternative for Zn ore (the primary source). However Zn vapor can react with iron oxide to form zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), which is an undesired product. Hence, the main focus of this study is to minimize the formation of ZnFe2O using thermodynamic (FactSage) and computational fluid dynamic tools. After detecting regions with high potential of ZnFe2O4 formation, proper geometrical and operational modifications of the off-gas system is proposed to minimize the formation of zinc ferrite.
{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) formation inside the HIsarna off-gas system","authors":"A. Hosseini, E. Moosavi-Khoonsari, K. Meijer, Johannes L. T. Hage, T. Peeters, Erik Offerman, Yongxiang Yang","doi":"10.1080/03019233.2022.2124491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2022.2124491","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT HIsarna reactor is characterized by a high raw materials versatility and is therefore attractive for processing secondary iron sources. Among the materials that can be recycled through HIsarna, zinc-bearing material has drawn a special attention. Based on the plant data, once dust-containing Zinc was injected into the main reactor, a final collected dust with a zinc content of 16% was achieved which opened up possibilities of higher enrichment for direct reuse in Zn smelting as a secondary source and an alternative for Zn ore (the primary source). However Zn vapor can react with iron oxide to form zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), which is an undesired product. Hence, the main focus of this study is to minimize the formation of ZnFe2O using thermodynamic (FactSage) and computational fluid dynamic tools. After detecting regions with high potential of ZnFe2O4 formation, proper geometrical and operational modifications of the off-gas system is proposed to minimize the formation of zinc ferrite.","PeriodicalId":14753,"journal":{"name":"Ironmaking & Steelmaking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43734852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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