A 2023 report on US and Canada water main breaks is one of the most thorough and statistically important ever undertaken and compares trends from previous studies in 2012 and 2018.
Nearly 20%, or 452,000 miles, of water pipe are past their useful lives and need to be replaced, but they have not been because of a $452 billion shortfall in funding.
Of a total inventory of 2.3 million miles of pipe, 33% of all water mains are more than 50 years old, representing 770,000 miles at risk.
The United States and Canada experience 260,000 water main breaks annually with $2.6 billion in annual repair costs.
{"title":"Water Main Break Rates in the United States and Canada","authors":"Steven L. Barfuss, Matthew Fugal","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2401","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 2023 report on US and Canada water main breaks is one of the most thorough and statistically important ever undertaken and compares trends from previous studies in 2012 and 2018.</p>\u0000 <p>Nearly 20%, or 452,000 miles, of water pipe are past their useful lives and need to be replaced, but they have not been because of a $452 billion shortfall in funding.</p>\u0000 <p>Of a total inventory of 2.3 million miles of pipe, 33% of all water mains are more than 50 years old, representing 770,000 miles at risk.</p>\u0000 <p>The United States and Canada experience 260,000 water main breaks annually with $2.6 billion in annual repair costs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 2","pages":"22-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>The January 2024 DC Beat encouraged water systems to begin the planning necessary to comply with the then proposed Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) rulemaking, anticipating that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) would publish the final rule by Oct. 16, 2024. EPA met that schedule, and the rule's deadlines are now a year closer. Now, with a year to study what it will take to comply with the LCRI, the challenges are beginning to take shape.</p><p>Systems can now read the revised regulatory text in the National Archives’ electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR). While still a difficult read, the eCFR allows readers to look at rule revisions in the context of the parts that are unchanged. Systems still trying to understand the LCRI should review the 10 technical fact sheets on key facets of the LCRI, which are available on EPA's website—yes, 10 unique fact sheets that serve as an introduction to the rule requirements. These fact sheets are important in that they explain what EPA intends in the challenging-to-interpret LCRI regulatory text.</p><p>At present, there is no published timeline for substantive LCRI implementation guidance. EPA has indicated that its first two priorities are guidance to assist states in submitting their primacy packages and a small-system guide to the LCRI. Most states chose to wait on the LCRI before submitting a primacy package to EPA. Because LCRI guidance is being developed concurrent with a change in presidential administration, there are likely to be delays that stem from the logistics of the transition, probably slowing the availability of detailed guidance on specific rule elements.</p><p>Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, states have two years to submit complete primacy packages, unless they seek a two-year extension from EPA. Since the Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) were promulgated in 2021, states are running out of time for those submissions, which include regulatory and legislative changes states are making to accomplish rule requirements. Until their primacy packages are approved, states are expected to operate under EPA guidance for the LCRR consistent with early implementation agreements. We should expect similar practice with the LCRI.</p><p>As states prepare their primacy applications, they will have to think through the practicalities of LCRI implementation, and water systems need to inform those considerations. At the end of the day, water systems will be the ones implementing the rule—sound state policy begins with state decision makers knowing what is really entailed in complying with the rule requirements. Moreover, we saw with the LCRR that states not effectively involving water systems early unnecessarily complicated LCRR implementation. Utilities would be well advised to do their part to inform the state's process.</p><p>AWWA has a long history of supporting both effective corrosion control practice and removal of sources of lead in contact with drinking water. Duri
{"title":"LCRI Compliance Requires Action Now","authors":"Steve Via","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The January 2024 DC Beat encouraged water systems to begin the planning necessary to comply with the then proposed Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) rulemaking, anticipating that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) would publish the final rule by Oct. 16, 2024. EPA met that schedule, and the rule's deadlines are now a year closer. Now, with a year to study what it will take to comply with the LCRI, the challenges are beginning to take shape.</p><p>Systems can now read the revised regulatory text in the National Archives’ electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR). While still a difficult read, the eCFR allows readers to look at rule revisions in the context of the parts that are unchanged. Systems still trying to understand the LCRI should review the 10 technical fact sheets on key facets of the LCRI, which are available on EPA's website—yes, 10 unique fact sheets that serve as an introduction to the rule requirements. These fact sheets are important in that they explain what EPA intends in the challenging-to-interpret LCRI regulatory text.</p><p>At present, there is no published timeline for substantive LCRI implementation guidance. EPA has indicated that its first two priorities are guidance to assist states in submitting their primacy packages and a small-system guide to the LCRI. Most states chose to wait on the LCRI before submitting a primacy package to EPA. Because LCRI guidance is being developed concurrent with a change in presidential administration, there are likely to be delays that stem from the logistics of the transition, probably slowing the availability of detailed guidance on specific rule elements.</p><p>Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, states have two years to submit complete primacy packages, unless they seek a two-year extension from EPA. Since the Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) were promulgated in 2021, states are running out of time for those submissions, which include regulatory and legislative changes states are making to accomplish rule requirements. Until their primacy packages are approved, states are expected to operate under EPA guidance for the LCRR consistent with early implementation agreements. We should expect similar practice with the LCRI.</p><p>As states prepare their primacy applications, they will have to think through the practicalities of LCRI implementation, and water systems need to inform those considerations. At the end of the day, water systems will be the ones implementing the rule—sound state policy begins with state decision makers knowing what is really entailed in complying with the rule requirements. Moreover, we saw with the LCRR that states not effectively involving water systems early unnecessarily complicated LCRR implementation. Utilities would be well advised to do their part to inform the state's process.</p><p>AWWA has a long history of supporting both effective corrosion control practice and removal of sources of lead in contact with drinking water. Duri","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 2","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/awwa.2398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"People in the News","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 2","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p><b>Having recently published an article in AWWA Water Science, Kyle Shimabuku answered questions from the publication's editor-in-chief, Kenneth L. Mercer, about the research</b>.</p><p><b>Modeling Chloramine Stability and Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Groundwater High in Bromide</b></p><p>Kyle Shimabuku, Tarrah Henrie, David Schultise, and Sunil Pillai</p><p><i>Kyle Shimabuku (left) and his wife take a photo after surfing together at Faria Beach in Ventura, Calif</i>.</p><p>I earned a BS degree in civil engineering from San Diego State University and an MS degree and PhD from the University of Colorado Boulder. Between my undergraduate and graduate studies, I had the opportunity to work on water projects in remote villages of Southern Sudan, where I developed a passion for protecting public health through the provision of safe drinking water. I also worked briefly in my hometown of Ventura, Calif., in the Environmental and Water Resources Department. My first research experience was at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, where I studied wastewater treatment using high-rate algal ponds. I later explored the efficacy of widely used water and wastewater disinfectants in deactivating antibiotic-resistant genes at the University of Washington. My PhD research focused on using biochar to control organic contaminants in stormwater. After completing my PhD, I worked at Corona Environmental Consulting, primarily on groundwater treatment projects.</p><p>Providing safe and reliable water requires implementing multiple barriers to contamination, including source protection, treatment, and distribution system management. Some of my research has focused on protecting water sources by treating stormwater runoff to prevent harmful chemicals from reaching drinking water supplies and understanding how wildfires may affect water source quality. The majority of my work, however, has concentrated on improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of contaminant removal during the treatment process. I have also developed tools to help water providers quickly and reliably verify in real time that their treatment systems are functioning as intended.</p><p>Maintaining safe water quality in distribution systems is particularly challenging. Operators must balance maintaining detectable levels of chlorine to prevent disease-causing organisms from growing or surviving, even in the event of accidental contamination, while minimizing the formation of toxic disinfection byproducts. The <i>AWWA Water Science</i> article addresses this complex challenge, particularly when bromide is present. Bromide complicates this balancing act by accelerating disinfectant breakdown and promoting the formation of toxic disinfection byproducts.</p><p><i>Working with two students for their senior design project, Kyle (left) demonstrates the process for leaching substances from burned soils post-wildfire using a jar test apparatus</i>.</p><p><i>Kyle (third from right) and others explore the water
{"title":"AWWA Water Science Author Spotlight: Kyle Shimabuku","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Having recently published an article in AWWA Water Science, Kyle Shimabuku answered questions from the publication's editor-in-chief, Kenneth L. Mercer, about the research</b>.</p><p><b>Modeling Chloramine Stability and Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Groundwater High in Bromide</b></p><p>Kyle Shimabuku, Tarrah Henrie, David Schultise, and Sunil Pillai</p><p><i>Kyle Shimabuku (left) and his wife take a photo after surfing together at Faria Beach in Ventura, Calif</i>.</p><p>I earned a BS degree in civil engineering from San Diego State University and an MS degree and PhD from the University of Colorado Boulder. Between my undergraduate and graduate studies, I had the opportunity to work on water projects in remote villages of Southern Sudan, where I developed a passion for protecting public health through the provision of safe drinking water. I also worked briefly in my hometown of Ventura, Calif., in the Environmental and Water Resources Department. My first research experience was at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, where I studied wastewater treatment using high-rate algal ponds. I later explored the efficacy of widely used water and wastewater disinfectants in deactivating antibiotic-resistant genes at the University of Washington. My PhD research focused on using biochar to control organic contaminants in stormwater. After completing my PhD, I worked at Corona Environmental Consulting, primarily on groundwater treatment projects.</p><p>Providing safe and reliable water requires implementing multiple barriers to contamination, including source protection, treatment, and distribution system management. Some of my research has focused on protecting water sources by treating stormwater runoff to prevent harmful chemicals from reaching drinking water supplies and understanding how wildfires may affect water source quality. The majority of my work, however, has concentrated on improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of contaminant removal during the treatment process. I have also developed tools to help water providers quickly and reliably verify in real time that their treatment systems are functioning as intended.</p><p>Maintaining safe water quality in distribution systems is particularly challenging. Operators must balance maintaining detectable levels of chlorine to prevent disease-causing organisms from growing or surviving, even in the event of accidental contamination, while minimizing the formation of toxic disinfection byproducts. The <i>AWWA Water Science</i> article addresses this complex challenge, particularly when bromide is present. Bromide complicates this balancing act by accelerating disinfectant breakdown and promoting the formation of toxic disinfection byproducts.</p><p><i>Working with two students for their senior design project, Kyle (left) demonstrates the process for leaching substances from burned soils post-wildfire using a jar test apparatus</i>.</p><p><i>Kyle (third from right) and others explore the water ","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 2","pages":"16-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/awwa.2400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distribution System Water Quality Innovations Safeguard Public Health","authors":"Kristin Epstein","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 2","pages":"57-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting Cyber Insurance Coverage for Water Utilities","authors":"Monica Tigleanu, David White","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 1","pages":"64-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>After two years of divided government, Republicans have taken control of the White House, US House of Representatives, and the US Senate after winning majorities in last November's elections. While it may take time to fully unpack the implications, the results will quickly scramble personnel and priorities in Washington.</p><p>Just days after his election, President-Elect Trump nominated former Rep. Lee Zeldin of New York (R.-N.Y.) to serve as administrator of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). He made clear after his nomination that his priority will be deregulation, and Biden-era climate rules likely top his list.</p><p>His plans for water policy are less clear. While in Congress, Zeldin voted in favor of the PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) Action Act, which would have directed EPA to finalize a drinking water standard and a hazardous substance designation for PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid). He also voted against the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), which provided $55 billion for water infrastructure. His views as a representative of Long Island could translate to his job at EPA and influence the regulatory environment.</p><p>Meanwhile, the 119th Congress will get off to a fast start. With majorities in both the House and the Senate, Republicans will move quickly to extend expiring tax cuts through a process called budget reconciliation, which allows for expedited consideration of budget-related items. Budget reconciliation is a handy tool for parties with unified control because it allows the Senate to bypass the filibuster. AWWA is evaluating potential water-related tax provisions that may make sense for inclusion in that package.</p><p>Congress will also look to use the Congressional Review Act (CRA), a law that allows Congress to disapprove of certain recently finalized federal regulations, effectively overturning the regulation and barring the agency from promulgating a substantially similar one in the future, absent explicit direction from Congress. However, only “major” rules, or those expected to cost more than $100 million, submitted to Congress within the last 60 congressional working days are eligible. While the Biden administration's major PFAS rules were submitted in advance of that deadline, the Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) could become a CRA target.</p><p>The 119th Congress also brings changes to leadership on committees with jurisdiction over EPA and drinking water policy. In the Senate, Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.V.) will move from ranking member to chair of the Committee on Environment and Public Works (EPW). In the House, retiring Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-Wash.) will be replaced by Rep. Brett Guthrie (R-Ky.) as chair of the Committee on Energy and Commerce (E&C).</p><p>Capito's elevation to chair brings renewed opportunity for AWWA's priorities related to PFAS. In remarks late last year, she stated that tackling liability p
{"title":"The Recent Elections and Water Policy","authors":"Nate Norris","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2381","url":null,"abstract":"<p>After two years of divided government, Republicans have taken control of the White House, US House of Representatives, and the US Senate after winning majorities in last November's elections. While it may take time to fully unpack the implications, the results will quickly scramble personnel and priorities in Washington.</p><p>Just days after his election, President-Elect Trump nominated former Rep. Lee Zeldin of New York (R.-N.Y.) to serve as administrator of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). He made clear after his nomination that his priority will be deregulation, and Biden-era climate rules likely top his list.</p><p>His plans for water policy are less clear. While in Congress, Zeldin voted in favor of the PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) Action Act, which would have directed EPA to finalize a drinking water standard and a hazardous substance designation for PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid). He also voted against the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), which provided $55 billion for water infrastructure. His views as a representative of Long Island could translate to his job at EPA and influence the regulatory environment.</p><p>Meanwhile, the 119th Congress will get off to a fast start. With majorities in both the House and the Senate, Republicans will move quickly to extend expiring tax cuts through a process called budget reconciliation, which allows for expedited consideration of budget-related items. Budget reconciliation is a handy tool for parties with unified control because it allows the Senate to bypass the filibuster. AWWA is evaluating potential water-related tax provisions that may make sense for inclusion in that package.</p><p>Congress will also look to use the Congressional Review Act (CRA), a law that allows Congress to disapprove of certain recently finalized federal regulations, effectively overturning the regulation and barring the agency from promulgating a substantially similar one in the future, absent explicit direction from Congress. However, only “major” rules, or those expected to cost more than $100 million, submitted to Congress within the last 60 congressional working days are eligible. While the Biden administration's major PFAS rules were submitted in advance of that deadline, the Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) could become a CRA target.</p><p>The 119th Congress also brings changes to leadership on committees with jurisdiction over EPA and drinking water policy. In the Senate, Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.V.) will move from ranking member to chair of the Committee on Environment and Public Works (EPW). In the House, retiring Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-Wash.) will be replaced by Rep. Brett Guthrie (R-Ky.) as chair of the Committee on Energy and Commerce (E&C).</p><p>Capito's elevation to chair brings renewed opportunity for AWWA's priorities related to PFAS. In remarks late last year, she stated that tackling liability p","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/awwa.2381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AWWA members and water utility leaders are paving the way for expanded diversity—and a focus on welcoming and belonging—in the water industry as envisioned in AWWA's 2030 Strategic Plan and Water 2050 initiative.
With a growing number of African American water professionals setting the tone for the utilities they lead, their communities benefit from a heightened level of understanding.
Being an African American leader in the water industry has unique challenges, but setting an example for underrepresented professionals and future generations is an integral driver of their work.
The seven people interviewed for this article stressed common leadership principles: building relationships, aligning with customers’ needs; advocating for diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging; removing barriers to professional growth; and inspiring newcomers to the world of water.
{"title":"Waves of Change: African American Leaders Transforming the Water Sector","authors":"Carita Parks","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2382","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AWWA members and water utility leaders are paving the way for expanded diversity—and a focus on welcoming and belonging—in the water industry as envisioned in AWWA's 2030 Strategic Plan and Water 2050 initiative.</p>\u0000 <p>With a growing number of African American water professionals setting the tone for the utilities they lead, their communities benefit from a heightened level of understanding.</p>\u0000 <p>Being an African American leader in the water industry has unique challenges, but setting an example for underrepresented professionals and future generations is an integral driver of their work.</p>\u0000 <p>The seven people interviewed for this article stressed common leadership principles: building relationships, aligning with customers’ needs; advocating for diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging; removing barriers to professional growth; and inspiring newcomers to the world of water.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 1","pages":"6-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/awwa.2382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Treating PFAS-Laden Waste Using Aqueous Electrostatic Concentration","authors":"Tonya Chandler, Sam Liao","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 1","pages":"71-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"People in the News","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2392","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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