The Manganese Initiative is an effort by the Washington State Department of Health (WDOH) to change decades of guidance for water systems and the public regarding the health impacts of manganese in drinking water without changing existing regulations.
This effort focused on first educating WDOH staff on the new understanding of manganese and public health and shifting staff beliefs about manganese.
It then used the leverage of public health advocacy to persuade state public water systems to take measures to reduce manganese exposure to their customers.
{"title":"When Regulations Are Not Enough—Washington State's Manganese Initiative and Responding to Changing Health Science","authors":"Steve Deem","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2519","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Manganese Initiative is an effort by the Washington State Department of Health (WDOH) to change decades of guidance for water systems and the public regarding the health impacts of manganese in drinking water without changing existing regulations.</p>\u0000 <p>This effort focused on first educating WDOH staff on the new understanding of manganese and public health and shifting staff beliefs about manganese.</p>\u0000 <p>It then used the leverage of public health advocacy to persuade state public water systems to take measures to reduce manganese exposure to their customers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 9","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Standards Official Notice","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isaac Campos, Sarah Guemez, Matthew Trzcinski, Francisco Martinez
El Paso Water's Kay Bailey Hutchison Water Treatment Plant treats brackish groundwater using high-pressure membranes that also produce a concentrated brine waste stream.
When the treatment plant's capacity was expanded, staff assessed different concentrate management and disposal strategies.
After an extensive evaluation, two options were selected for future pilot testing: (1) closed-circuit reverse osmosis with evaporation ponds and (2) electrodialysis reversal.
{"title":"Evaluating Brine Management Technologies in an El Paso Treatment Plant","authors":"Isaac Campos, Sarah Guemez, Matthew Trzcinski, Francisco Martinez","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2499","DOIUrl":"10.1002/awwa.2499","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>El Paso Water's Kay Bailey Hutchison Water Treatment Plant treats brackish groundwater using high-pressure membranes that also produce a concentrated brine waste stream.</p>\u0000 <p>When the treatment plant's capacity was expanded, staff assessed different concentrate management and disposal strategies.</p>\u0000 <p>After an extensive evaluation, two options were selected for future pilot testing: (1) closed-circuit reverse osmosis with evaporation ponds and (2) electrodialysis reversal.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 8","pages":"6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://awwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/awwa.2499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Industry News","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2510","DOIUrl":"10.1002/awwa.2510","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 8","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Having recently been named an associate editor serving on the <i>AWWA Water Science</i> editorial board, Meeta Pannu answered questions from the publication's editor-in-chief, Kenneth L. Mercer.</p><p><i>Meeta Pannu, recently appointed to the AWWA Water Science editorial board as an associate editor, is a senior scientist at the Orange County Water District, headquarted in Fountain Valley, Calif</i>.</p><p><i>Meeta takes readings at the PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) adsorption pilot-test site located in the Orange County Water District</i>.</p><p>My current and recent research projects are primarily located within the OCWD service area, focusing on PFAS treatment and groundwater quality restoration. OCWD oversees a vast groundwater basin that supplies up to 85% of the drinking water for approximately 2.5 million residents in north and central Orange County. Notably, I have been involved in OCWD's PFAS pilot program, which was the largest of its kind in the nation. The program included pilot systems to evaluate the effectiveness of adsorption-based treatment technologies—such as granular activated carbon, ion exchange, and novel materials—and involved testing more than 14 different adsorbents.</p><p><i>Enjoying a cruise on Lake Tahoe</i>.</p><p><i>At Coconino National Forest, in Arizona, with her two boys</i>.</p><p>The water industry offers a unique space where I can apply scientific research directly to real-world challenges and help shape the future of sustainable water reuse. This means that the research I conduct isn’t just theoretical—it has immediate, practical applications that improve water quality and quantity for communities.</p><p>Combining science, engineering, and public health in research comes with several challenges. One big hurdle is bringing together experts from different fields or agencies who often have different ways of thinking and communicating. It can be tough to balance detailed scientific understanding with practical engineering solutions and the need to protect public health.</p><p>Another challenge is dealing with complex environmental issues and uncertainties, especially with new contaminants like PFAS, where there's still a lot to learn.</p><p>My favorite research project has been OCWD's PFAS pilot program, which is the largest of its kind in the nation. This project gave me a unique opportunity to work on one of the most urgent and complex issues in the water industry: how to effectively remove PFAS from drinking water sources. As part of the program, we have designed and operated multiple pilot-scale treatment systems to test and compare different adsorption-based technologies, including granular activated carbon, ion exchange, and several novel adsorbents.</p><p>What made this project especially rewarding was its direct connection to real-world implementation. The data we generated were used to inform the design of full-scale treatment systems across Orange County.</p><p>Being part of a multidisci
Meeta Pannu最近被任命为AWWA水科学编辑委员会的副主编，她回答了该出版物主编Kenneth L. Mercer的问题。Meeta Pannu最近被任命为AWWA水科学编辑委员会的副编辑，她是总部位于加州喷泉谷的奥兰奥兰县水区的高级科学家，她在位于奥兰奥兰县水区的PFAS（全氟和多氟烷基物质）吸附中试试验点进行读数。我目前和最近的研究项目主要位于OCWD服务区域，重点是PFAS处理和地下水质量恢复。OCWD管理着一个巨大的地下水盆地，为奥兰治县北部和中部约250万居民提供高达85%的饮用水。值得注意的是，我参与了OCWD的PFAS试点项目，这是全国同类项目中规模最大的。该计划包括试点系统，以评估基于吸附的处理技术的有效性，如颗粒活性炭、离子交换和新材料，并涉及测试超过14种不同的吸附剂。在太浩湖享受游船之旅。在亚利桑那州的科科尼诺国家森林，和她的两个儿子。水行业提供了一个独特的空间，我可以将科学研究直接应用于现实世界的挑战，并帮助塑造可持续水再利用的未来。这意味着我所进行的研究不仅仅是理论上的，它有直接的、实际的应用，可以改善社区的水质和水量。在研究中结合科学、工程和公共卫生带来了一些挑战。一个很大的障碍是将来自不同领域或机构的专家聚集在一起，他们通常有不同的思维和沟通方式。在详细的科学理解与实际的工程解决方案以及保护公众健康的需要之间取得平衡可能很困难。另一个挑战是处理复杂的环境问题和不确定性，尤其是像PFAS这样的新污染物，在这方面还有很多需要学习的地方。我最喜欢的研究项目是OCWD的PFAS试点项目，这是美国同类项目中规模最大的。这个项目给了我一个独特的机会来研究水行业最紧迫和最复杂的问题之一：如何有效地从饮用水源中去除PFAS。作为项目的一部分，我们设计并运行了多个中试规模的处理系统，以测试和比较不同的吸附技术，包括颗粒活性炭、离子交换和几种新型吸附剂。使这个项目特别有价值的是它与现实世界实现的直接联系。我们生成的数据被用来为整个奥兰治县的全面处理系统的设计提供信息。作为一个多学科团队的一员——从科学家、工程师到水务公司员工和顾问——使这个项目更有意义。这项工作速度快，应用广泛，对确保数百万人的饮用水安全产生了实际影响。这是研究如何推动创新和提供公共利益的一个完美例子。在我的空闲时间，我喜欢与我的丈夫和我们的两个儿子在加利福尼亚美丽的小径上徒步旅行。我们喜欢一家人在户外度过时光，徒步旅行是我们保持活力和与大自然联系的好方法。我也喜欢和我的孩子们一起打篮球——他们都对这项运动充满热情，所以这是一种有趣而充满活力的方式，可以让我们建立联系。
{"title":"AWWA Water Science Author Spotlight: Meeta Pannu","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2500","DOIUrl":"10.1002/awwa.2500","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Having recently been named an associate editor serving on the <i>AWWA Water Science</i> editorial board, Meeta Pannu answered questions from the publication's editor-in-chief, Kenneth L. Mercer.</p><p><i>Meeta Pannu, recently appointed to the AWWA Water Science editorial board as an associate editor, is a senior scientist at the Orange County Water District, headquarted in Fountain Valley, Calif</i>.</p><p><i>Meeta takes readings at the PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) adsorption pilot-test site located in the Orange County Water District</i>.</p><p>My current and recent research projects are primarily located within the OCWD service area, focusing on PFAS treatment and groundwater quality restoration. OCWD oversees a vast groundwater basin that supplies up to 85% of the drinking water for approximately 2.5 million residents in north and central Orange County. Notably, I have been involved in OCWD's PFAS pilot program, which was the largest of its kind in the nation. The program included pilot systems to evaluate the effectiveness of adsorption-based treatment technologies—such as granular activated carbon, ion exchange, and novel materials—and involved testing more than 14 different adsorbents.</p><p><i>Enjoying a cruise on Lake Tahoe</i>.</p><p><i>At Coconino National Forest, in Arizona, with her two boys</i>.</p><p>The water industry offers a unique space where I can apply scientific research directly to real-world challenges and help shape the future of sustainable water reuse. This means that the research I conduct isn’t just theoretical—it has immediate, practical applications that improve water quality and quantity for communities.</p><p>Combining science, engineering, and public health in research comes with several challenges. One big hurdle is bringing together experts from different fields or agencies who often have different ways of thinking and communicating. It can be tough to balance detailed scientific understanding with practical engineering solutions and the need to protect public health.</p><p>Another challenge is dealing with complex environmental issues and uncertainties, especially with new contaminants like PFAS, where there's still a lot to learn.</p><p>My favorite research project has been OCWD's PFAS pilot program, which is the largest of its kind in the nation. This project gave me a unique opportunity to work on one of the most urgent and complex issues in the water industry: how to effectively remove PFAS from drinking water sources. As part of the program, we have designed and operated multiple pilot-scale treatment systems to test and compare different adsorption-based technologies, including granular activated carbon, ion exchange, and several novel adsorbents.</p><p>What made this project especially rewarding was its direct connection to real-world implementation. The data we generated were used to inform the design of full-scale treatment systems across Orange County.</p><p>Being part of a multidisci","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 8","pages":"16-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://awwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/awwa.2500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Steve Cavanaugh Jr., Andrew McCarthy, Andrew Chastain-Howley
Water utilities use valuable energy and resources to extract, treat, and deliver water that is lost to leakage; this water loss is responsible for a quantifiable amount of carbon emissions.
AWWA Manual M36, Methodology Standard Water Balance, will help account for emissions when paired with data on a water utility's energy usage and its associated carbon intensity.
The Leakage Emissions Initiative details a methodology to account for carbon emissions from leakage, allowing utilities to calculate the carbon emissions mitigated when leakage is reduced.
{"title":"Committee Report: The Leakage Emissions Initiative","authors":"M. Steve Cavanaugh Jr., Andrew McCarthy, Andrew Chastain-Howley","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2502","DOIUrl":"10.1002/awwa.2502","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Water utilities use valuable energy and resources to extract, treat, and deliver water that is lost to leakage; this water loss is responsible for a quantifiable amount of carbon emissions.</p>\u0000 <p>AWWA Manual M36, <i>Methodology Standard Water Balance,</i> will help account for emissions when paired with data on a water utility's energy usage and its associated carbon intensity.</p>\u0000 <p>The Leakage Emissions Initiative details a methodology to account for carbon emissions from leakage, allowing utilities to calculate the carbon emissions mitigated when leakage is reduced.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 8","pages":"32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is the standard by which public water systems (PWSs) fulfill their obligations to protect drinking water. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the federal agency responsible for ensuring a PWS complies with SDWA provisions, which also includes oversight of states that have been granted primacy to implement the act. Monitoring and tracking compliance rests with the Office of Enforcement and Compliance (OECA). EPA is granted the authority to perform inspections at any entity subject to a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation, which requires proper notice and coordination with the primacy agency per SDWA §1445 (42 USC §300j-4).</p><p>In 2020, a review of ongoing compliance issues across ~50,000 US community water systems (CWSs) serving nearly 90% of the population led EPA to add safe drinking water to the National Enforcement Compliance Initiative (NECI). EPA reported for fiscal year (FY) 2022 that 18,282 CWSs had at least one SDWA violation, including a health-based violation in 2,854 of those systems. These findings led EPA to extend <i>NECI</i> into FY24–27. In 2024, OECA emphasized assessing SDWA §1433 compliance with more targeted inspections and enforcement nationally “as part of a whole of government approach aimed at strengthening public utility resiliency to mounting cyber-attacks.”</p><p>Of the 238 CWS inspections performed in FY24, 206 had EPA on-site to evaluate §1433 compliance. These inspections focus on the utility's ability to produce a physical copy of the risk and resilience assessment (RRA) and emergency response plan (ERP), ensuring certifications were filed on time and that the RRA and ERP include all the statute-required elements, which include assessing cyber vulnerabilities and taking action to mitigate such risks. The process begins with EPA notifying the utility that an inspection will be performed within the next several weeks and a summary of the inspection's scope. Inspections can cover SDWA requirements in full or be more targeted to §1433 and a review of 15 cybersecurity practices EPA has identified as essential. While the cybersecurity checklist does not represent specific statutory mandates, EPA's objective is building awareness and identifying potential technical-assistance needs. Afterward, the utility will receive an inspection report that may identify areas of concern to be used by EPA's regional office to determine whether an enforcement action is warranted. A notice of violation will typically be sent to the utility within three months of receiving the inspection report. Consultation with the regional OECA may follow to review the corrective actions outlined in the notice.</p><p>The inspection process associated with §1433 is relatively new and technically quite different from traditional SDWA requirements. This has led to some inconsistency in how inspectors have interpreted what is required to fulfill the statutory requirements. The statute requires the ut
{"title":"Be Prepared for §1433 Compliance","authors":"Kevin M. Morley","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2498","DOIUrl":"10.1002/awwa.2498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is the standard by which public water systems (PWSs) fulfill their obligations to protect drinking water. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the federal agency responsible for ensuring a PWS complies with SDWA provisions, which also includes oversight of states that have been granted primacy to implement the act. Monitoring and tracking compliance rests with the Office of Enforcement and Compliance (OECA). EPA is granted the authority to perform inspections at any entity subject to a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation, which requires proper notice and coordination with the primacy agency per SDWA §1445 (42 USC §300j-4).</p><p>In 2020, a review of ongoing compliance issues across ~50,000 US community water systems (CWSs) serving nearly 90% of the population led EPA to add safe drinking water to the National Enforcement Compliance Initiative (NECI). EPA reported for fiscal year (FY) 2022 that 18,282 CWSs had at least one SDWA violation, including a health-based violation in 2,854 of those systems. These findings led EPA to extend <i>NECI</i> into FY24–27. In 2024, OECA emphasized assessing SDWA §1433 compliance with more targeted inspections and enforcement nationally “as part of a whole of government approach aimed at strengthening public utility resiliency to mounting cyber-attacks.”</p><p>Of the 238 CWS inspections performed in FY24, 206 had EPA on-site to evaluate §1433 compliance. These inspections focus on the utility's ability to produce a physical copy of the risk and resilience assessment (RRA) and emergency response plan (ERP), ensuring certifications were filed on time and that the RRA and ERP include all the statute-required elements, which include assessing cyber vulnerabilities and taking action to mitigate such risks. The process begins with EPA notifying the utility that an inspection will be performed within the next several weeks and a summary of the inspection's scope. Inspections can cover SDWA requirements in full or be more targeted to §1433 and a review of 15 cybersecurity practices EPA has identified as essential. While the cybersecurity checklist does not represent specific statutory mandates, EPA's objective is building awareness and identifying potential technical-assistance needs. Afterward, the utility will receive an inspection report that may identify areas of concern to be used by EPA's regional office to determine whether an enforcement action is warranted. A notice of violation will typically be sent to the utility within three months of receiving the inspection report. Consultation with the regional OECA may follow to review the corrective actions outlined in the notice.</p><p>The inspection process associated with §1433 is relatively new and technically quite different from traditional SDWA requirements. This has led to some inconsistency in how inspectors have interpreted what is required to fulfill the statutory requirements. The statute requires the ut","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://awwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/awwa.2498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for several per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
Most detections of PFOS and PFOA, two regulated PFAS, are just barely above the MCLs, and EPA has substantially underestimated PFAS regulatory compliance costs.
The PFAS MCLs set by EPA, established using only limited health effect data, are much lower than standards set by other countries and those set by several US states.
{"title":"The $50 Billion Question: Examining EPA's PFAS Drinking Water Limits","authors":"Peter Lusardi","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2503","DOIUrl":"10.1002/awwa.2503","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for several per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).</p>\u0000 <p>Most detections of PFOS and PFOA, two regulated PFAS, are just barely above the MCLs, and EPA has substantially underestimated PFAS regulatory compliance costs.</p>\u0000 <p>The PFAS MCLs set by EPA, established using only limited health effect data, are much lower than standards set by other countries and those set by several US states.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 8","pages":"38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leila Khatib, Anh Pham, Khaled Ahmed, Val S. Frenkel
Data center operations require vast quantities of water, often in regions where access is limited.
As data centers expand to meet the surging demands of artificial intelligence and high-performance computing, their water and energy use has become a pressing challenge.
Data centers’ water use results in potential ecological risks from discharge of heated water and elevated salinity.
Innovative strategies can help data centers mitigate the negative effects they have on water supply and environmental health.
{"title":"Data Centers and Water: Challenges and Solutions for Sustainable Cooling","authors":"Leila Khatib, Anh Pham, Khaled Ahmed, Val S. Frenkel","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2504","DOIUrl":"10.1002/awwa.2504","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data center operations require vast quantities of water, often in regions where access is limited.</p>\u0000 <p>As data centers expand to meet the surging demands of artificial intelligence and high-performance computing, their water and energy use has become a pressing challenge.</p>\u0000 <p>Data centers’ water use results in potential ecological risks from discharge of heated water and elevated salinity.</p>\u0000 <p>Innovative strategies can help data centers mitigate the negative effects they have on water supply and environmental health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 8","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norma J. Ruecker, Monica B. Emelko, Norman F. Neumann, Bina Nayak
{"title":"Total Coliform Testing: Reflecting on the Past and Looking Forward","authors":"Norma J. Ruecker, Monica B. Emelko, Norman F. Neumann, Bina Nayak","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2505","DOIUrl":"10.1002/awwa.2505","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"117 8","pages":"54-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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