{"title":"Educational Opportunities","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"116 9","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Consolvo, Hunter Adams, Ruth Marfil-Vega, Charles D. Hertz
While sample collection to monitor drinking water quality is a routine practice, water utilities must be prepared to address emergencies stemming from contamination.
Having a plan for collecting and analyzing water samples during emergency response or other unusual circumstances better ensures actionable results.
Guidance is available to help laboratories prepare to support a utility's emergency response.
{"title":"Laboratory Planning for Emergency Response to Water Contamination Investigations","authors":"John Consolvo, Hunter Adams, Ruth Marfil-Vega, Charles D. Hertz","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2350","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While sample collection to monitor drinking water quality is a routine practice, water utilities must be prepared to address emergencies stemming from contamination.</p>\u0000 <p>Having a plan for collecting and analyzing water samples during emergency response or other unusual circumstances better ensures actionable results.</p>\u0000 <p>Guidance is available to help laboratories prepare to support a utility's emergency response.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"116 9","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How FEMA's Reimbursement Program Works After Declared Disaster Incidents","authors":"Eric T. Hatcher","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"116 9","pages":"52-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continues to work toward proposing revisions for Microbial and Disinfection Byproduct (MDBP) rules next year. These potential rule revisions are focused on the Surface Water Treatment Rules and Stage 1 and Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproduct Rules, covering eight contaminant candidates: (1) chlorite, (2) <i>Cryptosporidium</i>, (3) haloacetic acids, (4) heterotrophic bacteria, (5) <i>Giardia lamblia</i>, (6) <i>Legionella</i>, (7) total trihalomethanes, and (8) viruses.</p><p>Since the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) became law in 1974, US drinking water supplies have made monumental advances in protecting the public from microbial risks. This is, in part, thanks to a suite of seven MDBP rules that since 1996 have driven how water systems manage and balance these risks.</p><p>EPA is developing a proposed rulemaking, with the goal of publishing a proposal in summer 2025 and finalizing those revisions by February 2028. EPA is expected to complete required engagements with organizations representing state/local officials and small water systems in accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, Executive Order 13132—Federalism, and the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act, respectively. Following these consultations, EPA will send the proposed rulemaking revising these rules to the White House Office of Management and Budget for review before publication.</p><p>AWWA's Government Affairs Office has worked with EPA and expert volunteers throughout this process, including hosting a series of workshops on MDBPs this summer to inform AWWA recommendations on the proposed rulemaking. Two of these workshops brought together subject matter experts, water utilities, and state regulators to discuss available data and potential revisions supported by the data. The third workshop allowed attendees to discuss potential revisions, available data, and research needs.</p><p>These discussions highlighted opportunities for EPA to enhance public health protection through rule revisions. There was broad support in the workshops for requiring certain water systems to conduct regular inspections of tanks for deficiencies that may threaten public health, establishing a minimum numeric secondary disinfectant residual level, and ensuring consecutive systems have the capacity to comply with water quality standards.</p><p>However, these discussions also emphasized the need for potential revisions to thoroughly consider the data (or lack thereof) to support potential revisions. Additionally, the discussions stressed the importance of considering both state regulator and utility staff capacity to implement the revised standards.</p><p>AWWA plans to continue working with EPA staff, state regulators, and expert volunteers, including representing water utilities as part of the consultations EPA is hosting with local officials and small water systems. These efforts will further support the rulemaking process
{"title":"Microbial and DBP Rule Revisions: Balancing Risks","authors":"Chris Moody","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continues to work toward proposing revisions for Microbial and Disinfection Byproduct (MDBP) rules next year. These potential rule revisions are focused on the Surface Water Treatment Rules and Stage 1 and Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproduct Rules, covering eight contaminant candidates: (1) chlorite, (2) <i>Cryptosporidium</i>, (3) haloacetic acids, (4) heterotrophic bacteria, (5) <i>Giardia lamblia</i>, (6) <i>Legionella</i>, (7) total trihalomethanes, and (8) viruses.</p><p>Since the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) became law in 1974, US drinking water supplies have made monumental advances in protecting the public from microbial risks. This is, in part, thanks to a suite of seven MDBP rules that since 1996 have driven how water systems manage and balance these risks.</p><p>EPA is developing a proposed rulemaking, with the goal of publishing a proposal in summer 2025 and finalizing those revisions by February 2028. EPA is expected to complete required engagements with organizations representing state/local officials and small water systems in accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, Executive Order 13132—Federalism, and the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act, respectively. Following these consultations, EPA will send the proposed rulemaking revising these rules to the White House Office of Management and Budget for review before publication.</p><p>AWWA's Government Affairs Office has worked with EPA and expert volunteers throughout this process, including hosting a series of workshops on MDBPs this summer to inform AWWA recommendations on the proposed rulemaking. Two of these workshops brought together subject matter experts, water utilities, and state regulators to discuss available data and potential revisions supported by the data. The third workshop allowed attendees to discuss potential revisions, available data, and research needs.</p><p>These discussions highlighted opportunities for EPA to enhance public health protection through rule revisions. There was broad support in the workshops for requiring certain water systems to conduct regular inspections of tanks for deficiencies that may threaten public health, establishing a minimum numeric secondary disinfectant residual level, and ensuring consecutive systems have the capacity to comply with water quality standards.</p><p>However, these discussions also emphasized the need for potential revisions to thoroughly consider the data (or lack thereof) to support potential revisions. Additionally, the discussions stressed the importance of considering both state regulator and utility staff capacity to implement the revised standards.</p><p>AWWA plans to continue working with EPA staff, state regulators, and expert volunteers, including representing water utilities as part of the consultations EPA is hosting with local officials and small water systems. These efforts will further support the rulemaking process","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"116 9","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/awwa.2348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Industry News","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"116 9","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Darren A. Lytle Honored With 2024 A.P. Black Research Award","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2349","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"116 9","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/awwa.2349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvana M. Ghiu, Shubashini Oza, Kerry J. Howe, David A. Ladner
{"title":"Addressing the Global Water Crisis With Membrane Technology","authors":"Silvana M. Ghiu, Shubashini Oza, Kerry J. Howe, David A. Ladner","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"116 9","pages":"56-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nancy E. McTigue, David A. Cornwell, Richard Brown, Everett Skipper, Erika Green
In the United States, all community and nontransient noncommunity water systems are required to submit an inventory describing the location and makeup of all service lines in their service areas.
While the material can be designated as lead, galvanized requiring replacement, nonlead, or unknown, the last two designations require additional steps to be taken in the proposed Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI).
Some utilities have few or no lead service lines, and this inventory requirement, issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), may be burdensome to those utilities.
This article demonstrates the methodology in EPA's proposed LCRI for verification of construction material, and an alternate validation procedure is proposed.
{"title":"Developing Service Line Inventories: Guidance for Utilities With Limited Lead Lines","authors":"Nancy E. McTigue, David A. Cornwell, Richard Brown, Everett Skipper, Erika Green","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2333","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the United States, all community and nontransient noncommunity water systems are required to submit an inventory describing the location and makeup of all service lines in their service areas.</p>\u0000 <p>While the material can be designated as lead, galvanized requiring replacement, nonlead, or unknown, the last two designations require additional steps to be taken in the proposed Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI).</p>\u0000 <p>Some utilities have few or no lead service lines, and this inventory requirement, issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), may be burdensome to those utilities.</p>\u0000 <p>This article demonstrates the methodology in EPA's proposed LCRI for verification of construction material, and an alternate validation procedure is proposed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"116 8","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/awwa.2333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Since 2020, AWWA has commissioned an annual study of public confidence in drinking water. This study has provided valuable context and insight into how the public feels about water utilities.</p><p>The numbers could be even better. Evidence shows that proactive communication from utilities works. Those who recall receiving recent communication (other than a bill) from their utility gave higher ratings to their utilities and their water on many different metrics, and we’ve seen this for several years in a row.</p><p>It is likely proactive communication will better instill confidence than letting someone else take the narrative. Although we can only demonstrate correlation and not causation, there's reason to think that hearing information from a trusted source helps increase confidence.</p><p>Another area for improvement is closing the gap in ratings among Hispanic and Black respondents compared with White respondents, although Hispanic respondents’ ratings edged higher overall this year. This gap presents an opportunity to ensure all groups are receiving the same level of service as well as further targeted outreach and education.</p><p>Other SDWA-related questions were harder to interpret. When presented with the statement “The Safe Drinking Water Act has effectively regulated drinking water for the past 50 years,” while considerably more agreed (55%) than disagreed (14%), nearly a third (30%) did not know or had no opinion. Given the complexity of federal laws and regulations, these results are not so surprising and likely represent unfamiliarity with SDWA regulations. This suggests another topic utilities could further educate their consumers about.</p><p>Similar uncertainty was seen in responses to statements such as “Water utilities will show resilience in light of extreme events and climate change” and “Water utilities are prepared to face the challenges that they will see in the future.” This uncertainty represents key opportunities to talk about current activities and future plans with the public.</p><p>Utilities are encouraged to review all the detailed results and use them to gather insights on the national picture of public confidence and use that as context for inquiry and engagement in their own communities. We encourage readers to view the press release, infographic, and AWWA's Value of Water page.</p><p>Throughout the year, we receive questions on how the survey was conducted. We hired a top polling firm, Morning Consult (MC), who walks us through the whole process for each study, making sure we ask questions free from avoidable bias, and seeks to provide meaningful insights. The survey is nationally representative per MC's methodology used in hundreds of other surveys. The more than 2,000 respondents did not know the survey's sponsor and had self-reported, before taking the survey, that they were served by a water utility.</p><p>This survey also has some limits, of course. It is nationally representative by key demographics, bu
{"title":"Consumers Again Praise Utilities, But Work Remains","authors":"Adam T. Carpenter, Carita Parks","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since 2020, AWWA has commissioned an annual study of public confidence in drinking water. This study has provided valuable context and insight into how the public feels about water utilities.</p><p>The numbers could be even better. Evidence shows that proactive communication from utilities works. Those who recall receiving recent communication (other than a bill) from their utility gave higher ratings to their utilities and their water on many different metrics, and we’ve seen this for several years in a row.</p><p>It is likely proactive communication will better instill confidence than letting someone else take the narrative. Although we can only demonstrate correlation and not causation, there's reason to think that hearing information from a trusted source helps increase confidence.</p><p>Another area for improvement is closing the gap in ratings among Hispanic and Black respondents compared with White respondents, although Hispanic respondents’ ratings edged higher overall this year. This gap presents an opportunity to ensure all groups are receiving the same level of service as well as further targeted outreach and education.</p><p>Other SDWA-related questions were harder to interpret. When presented with the statement “The Safe Drinking Water Act has effectively regulated drinking water for the past 50 years,” while considerably more agreed (55%) than disagreed (14%), nearly a third (30%) did not know or had no opinion. Given the complexity of federal laws and regulations, these results are not so surprising and likely represent unfamiliarity with SDWA regulations. This suggests another topic utilities could further educate their consumers about.</p><p>Similar uncertainty was seen in responses to statements such as “Water utilities will show resilience in light of extreme events and climate change” and “Water utilities are prepared to face the challenges that they will see in the future.” This uncertainty represents key opportunities to talk about current activities and future plans with the public.</p><p>Utilities are encouraged to review all the detailed results and use them to gather insights on the national picture of public confidence and use that as context for inquiry and engagement in their own communities. We encourage readers to view the press release, infographic, and AWWA's Value of Water page.</p><p>Throughout the year, we receive questions on how the survey was conducted. We hired a top polling firm, Morning Consult (MC), who walks us through the whole process for each study, making sure we ask questions free from avoidable bias, and seeks to provide meaningful insights. The survey is nationally representative per MC's methodology used in hundreds of other surveys. The more than 2,000 respondents did not know the survey's sponsor and had self-reported, before taking the survey, that they were served by a water utility.</p><p>This survey also has some limits, of course. It is nationally representative by key demographics, bu","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"116 8","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/awwa.2331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) applies to all public water systems in the United States, the severity and prevalence of violations vary among locations.
A study investigated drinking water quality, indicated by statistics of the SDWA in the 13 Appalachian states from 2010 to 2022, to identify any differences in violations.
The need for better water system management and infrastructure in economically disadvantaged regions is clear, along with public education and effective policies.
{"title":"Understanding Drinking Water Quality in Appalachia","authors":"Elham Erfanian, Gi-Eu Lee, Dominic Gomez","doi":"10.1002/awwa.2337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2337","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) applies to all public water systems in the United States, the severity and prevalence of violations vary among locations.</p>\u0000 <p>A study investigated drinking water quality, indicated by statistics of the SDWA in the 13 Appalachian states from 2010 to 2022, to identify any differences in violations.</p>\u0000 <p>The need for better water system management and infrastructure in economically disadvantaged regions is clear, along with public education and effective policies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14785,"journal":{"name":"Journal ‐ American Water Works Association","volume":"116 8","pages":"50-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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