Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) technology is developed for use in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-roadside/infrastructure (V2I) communications. It uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as constrained by IEEE 802.11p standard. In this standard, the OFDM uses 64 sub-carriers. This paper presents the design on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Xilinx Spartan-3E of the Transmitter and Receiver Baseband OFDM Section Models for the IEEE 802.11p Stan-dard. Design is carried out using Very High speed integrated circuit hardware Description Language (VHDL). The circuits for both the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and FFT processing blocks are fully combinatorial, not sequential. The results show that the resource utilization for the 64 subcarriers is more than 100 % and thus can't be realized. Therefore a smaller model with eight sub-carriers is also designed, and it is realizable (implementable).
{"title":"Design on FPGA of the IEEE 802.11p standard baseband OFDM section model","authors":"Budi Setiyanto, Addin Suwastono, Rani Mahita Aji, Afatika Putri Adianti","doi":"10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007919","url":null,"abstract":"Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) technology is developed for use in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-roadside/infrastructure (V2I) communications. It uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as constrained by IEEE 802.11p standard. In this standard, the OFDM uses 64 sub-carriers. This paper presents the design on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Xilinx Spartan-3E of the Transmitter and Receiver Baseband OFDM Section Models for the IEEE 802.11p Stan-dard. Design is carried out using Very High speed integrated circuit hardware Description Language (VHDL). The circuits for both the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and FFT processing blocks are fully combinatorial, not sequential. The results show that the resource utilization for the 64 subcarriers is more than 100 % and thus can't be realized. Therefore a smaller model with eight sub-carriers is also designed, and it is realizable (implementable).","PeriodicalId":148115,"journal":{"name":"2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132579546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007933
A. Priyadi, N. Yorino, O. Qudsi, M. Purnomo
This paper presents a new computation method for determining critical clearing time (CCT) on the transient stability of power system. The critical trajectory is used as the boundary of stability in the CCT determination. This method also uses a modified trapezoidal equation for numerical integration process. Addition feature, simultaneous equations in the Jacobi's matrix will reduce the equation, so that the number of equations equal to the number of variables. This technique will reduce the simulation time for numerical integration process. The results show that the calculation time of proposed method is faster than the previous method. Therefore it is potentially for on line transient stability assessment.
{"title":"CCT computation method based on critical trajectory using simultaneous equations for transient stability analysis","authors":"A. Priyadi, N. Yorino, O. Qudsi, M. Purnomo","doi":"10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007933","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new computation method for determining critical clearing time (CCT) on the transient stability of power system. The critical trajectory is used as the boundary of stability in the CCT determination. This method also uses a modified trapezoidal equation for numerical integration process. Addition feature, simultaneous equations in the Jacobi's matrix will reduce the equation, so that the number of equations equal to the number of variables. This technique will reduce the simulation time for numerical integration process. The results show that the calculation time of proposed method is faster than the previous method. Therefore it is potentially for on line transient stability assessment.","PeriodicalId":148115,"journal":{"name":"2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE)","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132748893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007942
Y. M. Safarudin, A. Priyadi, M. Purnomo, M. Pujiantara
This paper proposes new Simplified Firefly Algorithm (SFA) with an updated β coefficient to maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic system under partial shading condition. The different from standard firefly algorithm is neglected a and y coefficients to simplify an algorithm. The other new feature is updated β coefficient for each iteration step in order to achieve faster convergence. This proposed algorithm is to obtain the optimal solution for MPPT of PV system under three shaded conditions. The simulation results are compared with traditional Perturbation and Observation (P&O) and standard Firefly Algorithm (FA) to verify the proposed method performance. Highest maximum powers and efficiencies are produced by the proposed algorithm. The ripple in steady state condition is also better than P&O and standard FA. The main advantage of proposed algorithm is simpler and faster convergence yet still accurate compared to standard firefly.
{"title":"Maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic system under partial shaded condition by means updating β firefly technique","authors":"Y. M. Safarudin, A. Priyadi, M. Purnomo, M. Pujiantara","doi":"10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007942","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes new Simplified Firefly Algorithm (SFA) with an updated β coefficient to maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic system under partial shading condition. The different from standard firefly algorithm is neglected a and y coefficients to simplify an algorithm. The other new feature is updated β coefficient for each iteration step in order to achieve faster convergence. This proposed algorithm is to obtain the optimal solution for MPPT of PV system under three shaded conditions. The simulation results are compared with traditional Perturbation and Observation (P&O) and standard Firefly Algorithm (FA) to verify the proposed method performance. Highest maximum powers and efficiencies are produced by the proposed algorithm. The ripple in steady state condition is also better than P&O and standard FA. The main advantage of proposed algorithm is simpler and faster convergence yet still accurate compared to standard firefly.","PeriodicalId":148115,"journal":{"name":"2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125001237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007934
Awais Yousaf, Onaiza Yousaf, Durdana Yousaf
In this paper, prevalent use of flooded lead acid batteries as a backup for energy with Uninterrupted Power Supply Systems (UPS) in homes is investigated. An analysis for two different UPS Battery configurations and their comparison with battery life is presented. In one configuration, inverter and battery charger of UPS, which is connected to a battery have good power factors and design. In the second configuration, inverter and battery charger of UPS have poor power factors and design but is connected to the same battery. Based on developed economic model and battery life comparison illegal use of flooded batteries is identified.
{"title":"Comparison of economic models for two differently configured uninterrupted power supply systems from user electricity bill perspective","authors":"Awais Yousaf, Onaiza Yousaf, Durdana Yousaf","doi":"10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007934","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, prevalent use of flooded lead acid batteries as a backup for energy with Uninterrupted Power Supply Systems (UPS) in homes is investigated. An analysis for two different UPS Battery configurations and their comparison with battery life is presented. In one configuration, inverter and battery charger of UPS, which is connected to a battery have good power factors and design. In the second configuration, inverter and battery charger of UPS have poor power factors and design but is connected to the same battery. Based on developed economic model and battery life comparison illegal use of flooded batteries is identified.","PeriodicalId":148115,"journal":{"name":"2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134614456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007936
N. Datta, Muhammad Najebul Ahmed, Roksana Liya, Nazia Zaman, B. B. Pathik
This experimental study represents a novel technique to increase the overall efficiency of a solar power plant by introducing combine cycle which utilizes the concentrated sun rays in terms of heat to produce additional electricity. For this study a miniaturized solar power station has been designed and implemented which consists of six solar panels with individual sun tracking system. Arduino Uno; a microcontroller board based on Atmega328P; had been used to design solar tracker in order to track the position of the sun for getting the maximum direct sunlight on the solar panels. Three microcontrollers have been programmed to control all six solar panels which were established in a circular shape around a combine cycle system with a mirror on the top which helps to reflect the concentrated sun light to the water reservoir. With the concentrated solar heat reflected from the panels as well as the mirror, the combine cycle heats up the diethyl ether which evaporated only at 34.6°C that flows through a turbine and generate electricity in a generator associated with the turbine. It is observed from this research work that the efficiency achieved from the solar panel with sun tracking device is higher than the usual condition. This overall system increases efficiency of solar station by 8.48% in terms of solar tracker and generating electrical power by the use of concentrated solar heat. The designed miniature model could be helpful to produce more electricity at same place combining solar panel system and combine engine.
{"title":"Efficiency improvement of a solar power plant using combine cycle: An experimental study on a miniaturized solar power station","authors":"N. Datta, Muhammad Najebul Ahmed, Roksana Liya, Nazia Zaman, B. B. Pathik","doi":"10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007936","url":null,"abstract":"This experimental study represents a novel technique to increase the overall efficiency of a solar power plant by introducing combine cycle which utilizes the concentrated sun rays in terms of heat to produce additional electricity. For this study a miniaturized solar power station has been designed and implemented which consists of six solar panels with individual sun tracking system. Arduino Uno; a microcontroller board based on Atmega328P; had been used to design solar tracker in order to track the position of the sun for getting the maximum direct sunlight on the solar panels. Three microcontrollers have been programmed to control all six solar panels which were established in a circular shape around a combine cycle system with a mirror on the top which helps to reflect the concentrated sun light to the water reservoir. With the concentrated solar heat reflected from the panels as well as the mirror, the combine cycle heats up the diethyl ether which evaporated only at 34.6°C that flows through a turbine and generate electricity in a generator associated with the turbine. It is observed from this research work that the efficiency achieved from the solar panel with sun tracking device is higher than the usual condition. This overall system increases efficiency of solar station by 8.48% in terms of solar tracker and generating electrical power by the use of concentrated solar heat. The designed miniature model could be helpful to produce more electricity at same place combining solar panel system and combine engine.","PeriodicalId":148115,"journal":{"name":"2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116086299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007955
M. Mahmoodi, S. Sayedi, Batul Mahmoodi
This paper presents a very high speed FPGA implementation of UDP/IP stack. It not only can be a solution to FPGA-external world communication, but also can be regarded as a network node. The physical layer and its interface to the FPGA's IO Blocks are pre-implemented off-the-shelf using an integrated gigabit Ethernet transceiver (Marvell 88E1111) which supports BASE-T standard. The link layer is based on Xilinx Tri-Mode Ethernet MAC core. A novel architecture of transport and network layers by means of both fabric and dedicated FPGA blocks is also proposed which can provide a PC-FPGA and vice versa gigabit data communication. A software program which sends and receives data in connected PC is also developed in MATLAB using DSP System Toolbox. Compared to previous works, the proposed system shows a noticeable speed-up, suitable for FPGA based data streaming applications. Both post place and route simulation and practical tests corroborate validity of the proposed system.
{"title":"Reconfigurable hardware implementation of gigabit UDP/IP stack based on spartan-6 FPGA","authors":"M. Mahmoodi, S. Sayedi, Batul Mahmoodi","doi":"10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007955","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a very high speed FPGA implementation of UDP/IP stack. It not only can be a solution to FPGA-external world communication, but also can be regarded as a network node. The physical layer and its interface to the FPGA's IO Blocks are pre-implemented off-the-shelf using an integrated gigabit Ethernet transceiver (Marvell 88E1111) which supports BASE-T standard. The link layer is based on Xilinx Tri-Mode Ethernet MAC core. A novel architecture of transport and network layers by means of both fabric and dedicated FPGA blocks is also proposed which can provide a PC-FPGA and vice versa gigabit data communication. A software program which sends and receives data in connected PC is also developed in MATLAB using DSP System Toolbox. Compared to previous works, the proposed system shows a noticeable speed-up, suitable for FPGA based data streaming applications. Both post place and route simulation and practical tests corroborate validity of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":148115,"journal":{"name":"2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123982373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7006990
Taufik Djatna, Ida Bagus Dharma Yoga Santosa
Aromatherapy products, like spa mixture, scrub, soap, perfume, and others are individual and very subjective preferences which have high value of business. They require for rapid responses while fulfilling customer needs and mix ordered active note to serve customer preferences. Such requirement needs a real time mission-critical business intelligence which ensures effectiveness and efficiency on fulfilling customer need. In this paper, the objectives are to acquire and to formulate customer preference requirement on aromatherapy product in real time mode. Main characteristics are on key performance indicators (KPI) and displayed them for evaluation in form of dashboard. The formulation worked with sort of databases which filled by customer interaction in real time mode to determine best aromatherapy personal mixture by using quantification theory type 1 (QTT-1) method. QTT-1 is an effective analysis method for building a mathematical model of the relationships between customer personality type and aromatherapy mixture compositions. Dashboard generated from KPI ease the decision making on each element in business intelligence. Further personality approaches are needed to cover each specific requirement on different group of customers.
{"title":"A real time mission-critical business intelligence for development of mixture composition on aromatherapy product based on customer personality type","authors":"Taufik Djatna, Ida Bagus Dharma Yoga Santosa","doi":"10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7006990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7006990","url":null,"abstract":"Aromatherapy products, like spa mixture, scrub, soap, perfume, and others are individual and very subjective preferences which have high value of business. They require for rapid responses while fulfilling customer needs and mix ordered active note to serve customer preferences. Such requirement needs a real time mission-critical business intelligence which ensures effectiveness and efficiency on fulfilling customer need. In this paper, the objectives are to acquire and to formulate customer preference requirement on aromatherapy product in real time mode. Main characteristics are on key performance indicators (KPI) and displayed them for evaluation in form of dashboard. The formulation worked with sort of databases which filled by customer interaction in real time mode to determine best aromatherapy personal mixture by using quantification theory type 1 (QTT-1) method. QTT-1 is an effective analysis method for building a mathematical model of the relationships between customer personality type and aromatherapy mixture compositions. Dashboard generated from KPI ease the decision making on each element in business intelligence. Further personality approaches are needed to cover each specific requirement on different group of customers.","PeriodicalId":148115,"journal":{"name":"2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123372783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007952
M. Mahmoodi, S. Sayedi
Face detection is one of the most important parts of biometrics and face analysis science. Numerous methods and algorithms have been developed in recent years; however, there is a sensible gap between the current detection rate and the ideal one yet. In this paper, a novel multi-stage face detection method is proposed which can remarkably detect faces in different images with different illumination conditions, variety of poses and disparate sizes. The idea is to utilize a preprocessing step to filter many non-face windows by means of a skin segmentation procedure in order to boost the speed of the detection and also utilize the color information as much as possible. Subsequently, candidate windows are fed to a Local Hierarchical Pattern (LHP) generator unit where a new texture pattern is produced. Based on this pattern, a kernel probability map is calculated for each window, and by summing probabilities of all kernels and comparing it with a predefined threshold, decision is made about content of the window. This algorithm not only effectively eliminates many non-face regions, but also it is capable of detecting faces with relatively acceptable rates.
{"title":"A face detector based on color and texture","authors":"M. Mahmoodi, S. Sayedi","doi":"10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007952","url":null,"abstract":"Face detection is one of the most important parts of biometrics and face analysis science. Numerous methods and algorithms have been developed in recent years; however, there is a sensible gap between the current detection rate and the ideal one yet. In this paper, a novel multi-stage face detection method is proposed which can remarkably detect faces in different images with different illumination conditions, variety of poses and disparate sizes. The idea is to utilize a preprocessing step to filter many non-face windows by means of a skin segmentation procedure in order to boost the speed of the detection and also utilize the color information as much as possible. Subsequently, candidate windows are fed to a Local Hierarchical Pattern (LHP) generator unit where a new texture pattern is produced. Based on this pattern, a kernel probability map is calculated for each window, and by summing probabilities of all kernels and comparing it with a predefined threshold, decision is made about content of the window. This algorithm not only effectively eliminates many non-face regions, but also it is capable of detecting faces with relatively acceptable rates.","PeriodicalId":148115,"journal":{"name":"2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121340988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007937
Mohammad Musofa Mulya Pambudy, S. P. Hadi, H. Ali
This paper proposes flower pollination method implemented in multi-machine system with generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC). Flower pollination method was used to provide parameters of two stage lead-lag controller. The controller provides supplementary signals for PSS and POD. The study was carried out to determine the stability of the multimachine power system without and with GUPFC. The results show that the addition of GUPFC optimized by proposed method is able to decrease the initial value of oscillations, overshoot, and settling time that happened. In addition, system's eigenvalues shifted toward the left half plane of complex coordinate.
{"title":"Flower pollination algorithm for optimal control in multi-machine system with GUPFC","authors":"Mohammad Musofa Mulya Pambudy, S. P. Hadi, H. Ali","doi":"10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007937","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes flower pollination method implemented in multi-machine system with generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC). Flower pollination method was used to provide parameters of two stage lead-lag controller. The controller provides supplementary signals for PSS and POD. The study was carried out to determine the stability of the multimachine power system without and with GUPFC. The results show that the addition of GUPFC optimized by proposed method is able to decrease the initial value of oscillations, overshoot, and settling time that happened. In addition, system's eigenvalues shifted toward the left half plane of complex coordinate.","PeriodicalId":148115,"journal":{"name":"2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129047974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007926
I. Elfitri, R. Kurnia, Fitrilina
Closed-loop spatial audio coding is a compression technique, developed based on MPEG Surround (MPS) standard, having an advantage of minimising distortion due to quantisation process of spatial parameters. Despite the MPS is developed based on filterbank, however, this closed-loop system performs better on Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT). Considering its high performance over the open-loop system, this paper presents further investigation on objective performance of closed-loop spatial audio coding against various quantisers of spatial parameters. Experiments have been conducted to measure signal to noise ratio (SNR) across different types of uniform spatial quantisers at various operating bitrates. The results show that the SNR achieved by the open-loop approach is strongly affected by the type of the quantiser while, in contrast, the SNR achieved by the closed-loop approach is relatively constant regardless the number of bits used in the quantisers. Moreover, the results also show that the closed-loop configuration can consistently improve SNR in any quantisation scheme.
{"title":"Investigation on objective performance of closed-loop spatial audio coding","authors":"I. Elfitri, R. Kurnia, Fitrilina","doi":"10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2014.7007926","url":null,"abstract":"Closed-loop spatial audio coding is a compression technique, developed based on MPEG Surround (MPS) standard, having an advantage of minimising distortion due to quantisation process of spatial parameters. Despite the MPS is developed based on filterbank, however, this closed-loop system performs better on Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT). Considering its high performance over the open-loop system, this paper presents further investigation on objective performance of closed-loop spatial audio coding against various quantisers of spatial parameters. Experiments have been conducted to measure signal to noise ratio (SNR) across different types of uniform spatial quantisers at various operating bitrates. The results show that the SNR achieved by the open-loop approach is strongly affected by the type of the quantiser while, in contrast, the SNR achieved by the closed-loop approach is relatively constant regardless the number of bits used in the quantisers. Moreover, the results also show that the closed-loop configuration can consistently improve SNR in any quantisation scheme.","PeriodicalId":148115,"journal":{"name":"2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE)","volume":"114 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129436989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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