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Recent Aspects of the Studies of Anaerobes 厌氧菌研究的新进展
Pub Date : 1968-01-01 DOI: 10.3412/JSB.23.1
Shoichiro Suzuki
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引用次数: 0
Studies on the antitumor activity of polysaccharide produced by a strain of Crepidotus sp. Crepidotus sp.产多糖抗肿瘤活性的研究。
Pub Date : 1968-01-01 DOI: 10.3412/JSB.22.641
H. Nakayoshi
An extracellular polysaccharide isolated from the supernatant of broth culture of a Crepidotus B-145 was soluble in water, giving a highly viscous solution. Estimation of molecular weight with light scattering gave the value of 1.52×166, while the calculation from determination of reducing endogroup gave the value of 1.6-3.6×104, suggesting the formation of molecular aggregates in solution.Analyses of its component sugar with thin layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatograhy revealed that the polysaccharide was composed largely from glucose. By gas chromatographic analysis of its permethylation-methanolysis products, it was found that the polysaccharide has 1-3 glucosidic linkage in its structure. Infra red spectroscopy indicated that the linkage is of β-configuration.The presence of β 1-3 linkage was further confirmed by the cleavage with β 1-3 glucanase.Interestingly, the treatment with the polysaccharide was found to suppress the growth of Sarcoma 37 in mice as expected from the antitumor activity of yeast glucan, the active structure of which was said to be β 1-3 linkage.
从Crepidotus B-145肉汤培养上清液中分离出的胞外多糖可溶于水,形成高粘性溶液。光散射法估计分子量为1.52×166,测定还原性内基计算分子量为1.6-3.6×104,说明溶液中形成了分子聚集体。薄层色谱和气液相色谱分析表明,该多糖主要由葡萄糖组成。通过对其过甲基化-甲醇解产物的气相色谱分析,发现其结构中含有1-3个糖苷键。红外光谱分析表明,该键为β-构型。与β 1-3葡聚糖酶的裂解进一步证实了β 1-3连锁的存在。有趣的是,通过酵母葡聚糖的抗肿瘤活性,研究人员发现这种多糖可以抑制小鼠肉瘤37的生长,酵母葡聚糖的活性结构被认为是β 1-3连锁。
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引用次数: 6
Xanthomonas tmnslucens f. sp. hordei Hagborgによるオーチャードグラスの黄枯細菌病 Xanthomonas tmnslucens f. sp. hordei Hagborg的乌查德玻璃枯黄细菌病
Pub Date : 1967-12-25 DOI: 10.3412/JSB.22.628
時任 富永
In June of 1966, a new bacterial disease was found causing brownish streaks on the foliage of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerutaL.) in Japan. The causal organism was identified as Xanthomonas translucens f. sp. hordei Hagborg, considering its bacteriological characters, symptom on the leaf-blade showing the characteristic translucency and pathogenic specialization. It is the first time that X. translucens has been found to attack orchardgrass naturally and some of wheatgrasses (Agropyronspp.) artificially.The bacteriological characters of the pathogen are as follows: Cylindrical rods rounded at ends, Solitary or in pairs; 0.6×1.2-2.4μ in size, motile with a single flagellum; capsulate, Gram negative, no spores, aerobic. Superficial colonies, yellow, round, convex, smooth, shining, opaque, with entire margin. Liquefies gelatin slowly; digests milk slowly without coagulation; nitrates not reduced; hydrogen sulphide and ammonia produced, but not indol or acetoin; starch hydrolysed variable. Acid but no gass produced from arabinose, xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, lactose, sucrose and glycerol: neither acid nor gas from rhamnose, maltose, raffinose, starch, inulin, dextrin, mannitol, sorbitol or salicin. Aesculin hydrolysed; oxidase-positive; lipolytic. According to Hugh-Leifson's method, acid produced aerobically from glucose. Optimum temperature 30°C.
1966年6月,在日本发现了一种新的细菌性疾病,引起果园草(Dactylis glomerutaL.)叶子上的褐色条纹。考虑到病原菌的细菌学特征、叶片上呈现半透明特征的症状和致病的特化特点,确定病原菌为hordei Hagborg。这是首次在天然果园草和部分人工小麦草中发现透光小蠊。病原菌的细菌学特征为:圆柱形杆,末端圆形,单生或成对;0.6×1.2-2.4μ大小,具单鞭毛可活动;荚膜,革兰氏阴性,无孢子,需氧。表面菌落,黄色,圆形,凸,光滑,有光泽,不透明,具整个边缘。使明胶缓慢液化;消化牛奶缓慢,不凝固;硝酸盐未还原;产生硫化氢和氨,但不产生吲哚或乙酮;淀粉水解变量。由阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、乳糖、蔗糖和甘油产生的酸,但不产生气体;由鼠李糖、麦芽糖、棉子糖、淀粉、菊粉、糊精、甘露醇、山梨醇或水杨酸产生的酸,也不产生气体。七叶树素水解;oxidase-positive;分解脂肪的。根据休-莱弗森的方法,酸是由葡萄糖有氧产生的。最适温度30℃。
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引用次数: 6
易溶性感染防御抗原(SPA)の免疫学的研究 (1) 易溶性感染防御抗原(SPA)の免疫学的研究 (1)
Pub Date : 1967-10-25 DOI: 10.3412/JSB.22.583
田中 哲之助, 嗣郎 小林, 久義 杉原, 利部 光四郎
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引用次数: 0
Treponema pallidum Reiter株の抗原構造分析と梅毒血清反応における意義 Treponema pallidum Reiter株抗原结构分析及其对梅毒血清反应的意义
Pub Date : 1967-09-25 DOI: 10.3412/JSB.22.510
Yorihiro Saijo
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引用次数: 0
大腸菌O-111, B4による食中毒について 大肠杆菌O-111, B4引起的食物中毒
Pub Date : 1967-06-25 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.22.326
鈴木 ミツヱ, 賢治 原田, 達夫 松山
The authors performen the bacteriological and epidemiological observations on the food poisoning incidence in October, 1966, which was caused by a strain of E. coli.Epidemiological observations revealed that the number of patients, with principal symptoms of stomachache, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea and fever, 15 with 18.5% of morbidity. the patients were all adult and the mean time of incubation period was 10.5h.E. coli strains were isolated almost in pure culture on the media used diagnostically from 5 patients examined. These cultures originated as single lactose-fermenting colonies on the media, which were there-after subcultured and identified by fermentative and biochemical reactions as Escherichia coli. These cultures were also identified by biological and serological reactions as E. coil O-111, B4 and agreed with the biological properties of type 1 described by F. Kauffmann. Widal reaction did not show any rise in O- antibody against the strain E. coil O-111, B4 which was isolated from the patients.
对1966年10月发生的一起由大肠杆菌引起的食物中毒事件进行了细菌学和流行病学观察。流行病学观察显示,以胃痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻和发热为主要症状的患者15例,占18.5%。所有患者均为成人,平均潜伏期为10.5h。在诊断所用培养基上,从5例患者中分离出几乎纯培养的大肠杆菌菌株。这些培养物起源于培养基上的单个乳糖发酵菌落,随后进行传代培养,并通过发酵和生化反应鉴定为大肠杆菌。这些培养物经生物学和血清学反应鉴定为E. coil O-111, B4,符合F. Kauffmann描述的1型的生物学特性。从患者身上分离的大肠杆菌O-111, B4的O-抗体未见明显升高。
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引用次数: 0
ジヒドロチオクト酸によるマムシ(Agkistorodon halys)毒のトキソイド化に関する基礎的研究 二氢硫代酸对蝮蛇(Agkistorodon halys)毒的朱鹮化的基础研究
Pub Date : 1967-06-25 DOI: 10.3412/JSB.22.312
敏夫 清水
Sawai et al. (1966) previously reported inactivation of venom of the habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) by dihydrothioctic acid (DHTA). In this study, effectiveness of DHTA in inactivating mamushi venom was investigated.The results showed that the hemorrhagic and necrotic action of mamushi venom were also prevented by DHTA which was added to the venom in equal or half amount and incubated at 37 degree C for one hour, and injected intramuscularly into the legs of white mice, subcutaneously into the plantar side of legs of mice or intramuscularly into rabbits.Mice and rabbits were then, immunized with mamushi venom treated with equal amount of DHTA. After four weeks, 3 boosters of the same amounts of toxoided venom were given at the interval of one week. And the neutralizing effects of the sera of immunized animals were tested. They were also challenged intramuscularly into the legs with the venoms. The results indicated that 0.1ml of sera of immunized animals neutralized from four to sixteen mhds (minimum hemorrhagic dose) by the method of intramuscular or intracutaneous injection.After the direct challenge of venom on immunized animals, it was also indicated that the local lesion of treated animals were decreased in considerable degree compared with control animals. Serum treatment of envenomated rabbits which were previously given toxoided venom were more successful than the animals without toxoid treatment.
Sawai等人(1966)先前报道了用二氢硫辛酸(DHTA)灭活哈布鱼(Trimeresurus flavviridis)的毒液。本研究考察了DHTA灭活马尾鱼毒液的有效性。结果表明,在马尾鱼毒液中加入等量或一半量的DHTA, 37℃孵育1小时后,分别肌肉注射到小白鼠腿内、皮下注射到小白鼠腿足底侧或肌肉注射到家兔身上,对马尾鱼毒液的出血和坏死作用也有抑制作用。然后用等量DHTA处理过的马尾鱼毒液免疫小鼠和家兔。4周后,每隔1周注射3次等量的强化剂。并对免疫动物血清的中和作用进行了检测。它们也被肌肉注射毒液进入腿部。结果表明,免疫动物0.1ml血清经肌内或皮内注射,可中和4 ~ 16剂量(最小出血性剂量)。经毒液直接攻毒免疫动物后,与对照组相比,治疗动物的局部病变有相当程度的减少。经毒毒素治疗的家兔血清治疗效果优于未经毒毒素治疗的家兔。
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引用次数: 2
抗日本脳炎ウイルス血清の2-Mercaptoethanol感受性に関する研究 (II) 抗日本脑炎病毒血清的2-Mercaptoethanol敏感性研究(II)
Pub Date : 1967-04-25 DOI: 10.3412/JSB.22.250
Satoru Otsuka, K. Manako, Ryoichi Mori, Hidefumi Kunihiro, Ichiro Motomura
Further studies were carried out to investigate the 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME)-sensitivity of JE virus antibody of pigs. The results obtained are as follows:1. In the natural infection cases, 2ME-sensitive antibodies were detected during the first 2 to 4 weeks of antibody response; thereafter the antibodies were found to be resistant to 2ME treatment.2. Five pigs have been subjected to the observation of 2ME-sensitivity of the sera for 2 or 3 consecutive years. Sera obtained from one pig at the third oversummering were found to be sensitive to 2ME treatment, i.e., the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers of the sera were reduced to a quarters of the original titers by 2ME treatment. However, the 2ME-sensitivity of antibodies of other cases which experienced the second or third oversummering, were found to be 2ME-resistant as before.3. In the experimental vaccination cases, the first antibodies produced after vaccination were found to be 2ME-sensitive and thereafter they became 2ME-resistant.4. Three pigs possessing 2ME-sensitive HI antibodies were detected in 173 cases possessing antibodies during the interepidemic period. Those were found in March, April and October in 1965, respectively.
进一步研究了猪乙脑病毒抗体2-巯基乙醇(2ME)的敏感性。得到的结果如下:1。在自然感染病例中,在抗体应答的前2 ~ 4周检测到2me敏感抗体;此后,发现抗体对2ME治疗具有耐药性。5头猪连续2 ~ 3年对血清进行2me敏感性观察。第三次过夏时获得的一头猪的血清对2ME处理敏感,即2ME处理后血清的血凝抑制(HI)滴度降低到原来滴度的四分之一。然而,其他经历第二次或第三次过夏的病例,其抗体对2me的敏感性与以前一样。在实验性接种病例中,发现接种后产生的第一批抗体对2me敏感,随后抗体对2me产生抗性。疫间期173例HI抗体中检出3头2me敏感抗体。它们分别于1965年3月、4月和10月被发现。
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引用次数: 0
Studies on the Surface Structure of Fungi 真菌表面结构的研究
Pub Date : 1967-01-01 DOI: 10.3412/JSB.22.634
I. Tani, M. Kuriyama, T. Otsuka
The cell wall of many fungi contains chitin a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. During the course of a study concerned with the surface structure of fungi, a number of fungal whole cells and their purified cell walls were analysed to measure their chitin contents. This report presents the results of quantitative analyses of chitin in several fungi and their susceptibility to phenol in relation to the changes of chitin content followed by the length of incubation (4-20 days).The results are as follows.1) Both the glucosamine hydrochloride obtained by hydrolysis of the chitin and standard D-glucosamine hydrochloride revealed identical absorption curves showing a distinct maximum value at 530mμ. The results are shown in Fig. 2.2) For this experiment, 4 fungal strains (Asperillus niger IAM 2020, Geotrichum candidum IFO 6454, Penicillium chrysogenum IFO 4626, Trichophyton rubrum IFO 5467) were used. Chitin contents of dry whole cell and purified cell wall were estimated quantitatively on each of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 daycultures which were grown in either synthetic or Sabouraud's medium by shaking culture. It was found that the chitin content increased gradually with the day of incubation. In addition to this, the chitin contents of 8 and 16 days old culture of all fungal strains were determined in purified preparations of cell walls which were obtained by means of sonic treatment. The purity of the cell wall was examined with several microscopic methods, such as fluorescence microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and electron microscopy. The results are shown in Figs. 3 and 4, Photos 1 and 2 and Table 1.3) During 4-20 days incubation time of fungi, the changes of pH in the medium and the dry weight of ethanol precipitate of culture filtrate were estimated. The results are shown in Fig. 5 and Table 2.4) Without regard to the age of cultures or their chitin content, the susceptibility to phenol of two fungi (i.e. A. niger IAM 2020, G. candidum IFO 6454) was not changed. The results are shown in Table 3.
许多真菌的细胞壁含有几丁质,一种n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖的聚合物。在一项有关真菌表面结构的研究过程中,对许多真菌全细胞及其纯化细胞壁进行了分析,以测量其几丁质含量。本文报道了几种真菌中甲壳素含量的定量分析结果,以及几种真菌对苯酚的敏感性随孵育时间(4-20天)的变化与甲壳素含量的关系。结果表明:1)甲壳素水解得到的盐酸氨基葡萄糖与标准盐酸氨基葡萄糖具有相同的吸收曲线,在530mm处有不同的最大值;本实验选用4株真菌(黑曲霉IAM 2020、白地霉IFO 6454、青霉菌IFO 4626、红毛霉IFO 5467)。分别在合成培养基和Sabouraud培养基中振荡培养4、8、12、16和20 d,定量测定干燥全细胞和纯化细胞壁的几丁质含量。随着孵育时间的增加,甲壳素含量逐渐增加。此外,还测定了用声波处理获得的纯化细胞壁制剂中所有真菌菌株8和16 d培养物的几丁质含量。用荧光显微镜、相衬显微镜和电子显微镜等多种显微方法检测细胞壁的纯度。结果如图3、图4、图1、图2、表1.3所示。)在真菌培养4-20天的时间内,估计培养基pH值的变化和培养滤液乙醇沉淀的干重。结果如图5和表2.4所示)在不考虑培养年龄和甲壳素含量的情况下,两种真菌(a.niger IAM 2020, g.c addum IFO 6454)对苯酚的敏感性没有变化。结果如表3所示。
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引用次数: 1
Studies on Micrococcus Fasteus, a New Micrococcal Species, Isolated from Human Skin Lesions 从人体皮损处分离的一种新型快速微球菌的研究
Pub Date : 1967-01-01 DOI: 10.3412/JSB.22.305
M. Soeda, M. Otomo, M. Ome
Many cases of staphylococcal infection resistant to antibiotic therapy have been successfully treated by the use of toxoid prepared from resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in our laboratory. In recent one year, we have encountered occasional cases with skin lesions which do not respond to such toxoid therapy in spite of the fact that morphologically staphylococci-like microorganisms can be isolated from the corresponding lesions almost in pure state.We have collected 9 strains from patients with chronic, skin lesions which did not respond to both antibiotics and staphylococcal toxoid, and examined their detailed biological and serological properties in order to know the reason why they being resistant to such therapies.These cocci are spherical cells similar to staphylococci, but they are usually arranged in dipro or tetra forms and never be grouped in irregular clusters as often seen in Staphylococcus aureus or epidermidis. In addition, they are not uniform in size and tend to be somewhat larger than staphylococci. For these reasons they are not so difficult to identify from staphylococci by simple microscopic examination of directstained smears from the lesions or their cultures.Their biological properties are quite similar to those of staphylococci except for being incapable of producing nitrite from nitrate. They are variable in the coagulase test and almost all strains are resistant to the antibiotics, particularly to penicillin. Their colonies on agar media are also similar in appearance to those of staphylococci and cannot be identified by simple inspection.A soluble, thermolabile exotoxin is produced by them which causes tissue necrosis or death in experimental animals and heamolyzes rabbit erythrocytes. This exotoxin is antigenic like staphylococcal exotoxin and gives rise to a specific antitoxin which neutralyzes it, and can be altered to toxoid form by treatment with formalin according to the method used for preparation of staphylococcal toxoid.We have prepared M. fasteus toxoid adopting the representative strains and applied it to clinical cases for therapeutic purpose of chronic skin lesions uncontrollable by antibiotics or staphylococcal toxoid which proved capable of inducing complete disappearance of M. fasteus in a short period, which was followed by the rapid healing of the skin lesions.
在我们的实验室中,许多葡萄球菌感染对抗生素治疗具有耐药性,已成功地使用从耐药金黄色葡萄球菌菌株制备的类毒素治疗。近一年来,我们偶尔遇到一些皮肤病变对类毒素治疗没有反应的病例,尽管从相应的病变中可以分离到形态上的葡萄球菌样微生物,几乎处于纯净状态。我们从患有慢性皮肤病变的患者中收集了9株对抗生素和葡萄球菌类毒素均无反应的菌株,并检查了它们详细的生物学和血清学特性,以了解它们对这些治疗产生耐药性的原因。这些球菌是与葡萄球菌相似的球形细胞,但它们通常呈双异形或四异形排列,而不会像金黄色葡萄球菌或表皮葡萄球菌那样呈不规则簇状排列。此外,它们的大小不均匀,往往比葡萄球菌稍大。由于这些原因,通过简单的显微镜检查,从病变或其培养物的直接染色涂片,从葡萄球菌中识别它们并不那么困难。除了不能从硝酸盐中产生亚硝酸盐外,它们的生物学特性与葡萄球菌非常相似。它们在凝固酶试验中是可变的,几乎所有的菌株都对抗生素有耐药性,特别是对青霉素。它们在琼脂培养基上的菌落在外观上也与葡萄球菌相似,不能通过简单的检查来识别。它们产生一种可溶的、耐热的外毒素,在实验动物中引起组织坏死或死亡,并使兔红细胞溶血。这种外毒素像葡萄球菌外毒素一样具有抗原性,并产生一种特殊的抗毒素,可以中和它,并且可以根据用于制备葡萄球菌类毒素的方法,用福尔马林处理后改变为类毒素形式。我们采用代表性菌株制备出了快速梭菌类毒素,并将其应用于临床病例,用于治疗抗生素或葡萄球菌类毒素无法控制的慢性皮肤病变,证明其能在短时间内使快速梭菌完全消失,随后迅速愈合。
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引用次数: 0
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Japanese journal of bacteriology
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