From lactalbumin hydrolysate (enzymatically) peptide essential to the growth of Pasteurella multocida was isolated by gel filtration using Sephadex G-25 and by column chromatography with the use of Dowex 50W×2. Growth-eliciting effect of effective fraction separated with gel filtration was considerably below that of original material, although that of mixture of the all fractions obtained with gel filtration approximated to that of original material. The addition of various ineffective fractions to the effective one obtained with gel filtration led to different responses; one group of fractions stimulated bacterial growth, the other group of fractions was ineffective or inhibited the growth.
{"title":"Nutritional Requirement of Pasteurella multocida","authors":"Y. Bito, I. Azuma","doi":"10.3412/JSB.21.719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.21.719","url":null,"abstract":"From lactalbumin hydrolysate (enzymatically) peptide essential to the growth of Pasteurella multocida was isolated by gel filtration using Sephadex G-25 and by column chromatography with the use of Dowex 50W×2. Growth-eliciting effect of effective fraction separated with gel filtration was considerably below that of original material, although that of mixture of the all fractions obtained with gel filtration approximated to that of original material. The addition of various ineffective fractions to the effective one obtained with gel filtration led to different responses; one group of fractions stimulated bacterial growth, the other group of fractions was ineffective or inhibited the growth.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"9 1","pages":"719-723"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86639226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sensitivity of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) on HI antibodies in patients with Japanese encephalitis were studied on 320 patients occurred in Fukuoka Prefecture during 1963-1966. The results obtained are as follows:1. Most of the HI antibodies detected within 3 weeks after onset were found to be 2-ME sensitive, and therafter most of them changed to 2-ME resistant gradually.2. Of 264 patients having detectable HI antibodies within 7 days after onset, 34 sera (12.8%) were found to be 2-ME resistant, and a rise of the titers were observed in 16 cases among them. Thus the findings indicate that, in some cases, HI antibodies may be insufficient to prevent JE virus infection.3. Of 60 mortal cases having HI antibody, 55 (91.6 %) sera obtained within 7 days after onset were found to be 2-ME sensitive, and the remainning 5 2-ME resistant.
{"title":"Studies of the effect of 2-Mercaptoethanol on Antisera against Japanese Encephalitis","authors":"S. Otsuka, K. Manako, R. Mori","doi":"10.3412/JSB.22.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.22.321","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitivity of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) on HI antibodies in patients with Japanese encephalitis were studied on 320 patients occurred in Fukuoka Prefecture during 1963-1966. The results obtained are as follows:1. Most of the HI antibodies detected within 3 weeks after onset were found to be 2-ME sensitive, and therafter most of them changed to 2-ME resistant gradually.2. Of 264 patients having detectable HI antibodies within 7 days after onset, 34 sera (12.8%) were found to be 2-ME resistant, and a rise of the titers were observed in 16 cases among them. Thus the findings indicate that, in some cases, HI antibodies may be insufficient to prevent JE virus infection.3. Of 60 mortal cases having HI antibody, 55 (91.6 %) sera obtained within 7 days after onset were found to be 2-ME sensitive, and the remainning 5 2-ME resistant.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"2 1","pages":"321-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84219468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the 9th day after BCG-injection, SMA strain mice showed the marked reduction of LD50 for endotoxin from E. coli 0-111 as compared with control mice.On the contrary, the BCG-injected mice showed two to three fold increase of LD50 for the PR 8 strain of influenza A virus.This resistance promoting effect was shared with not only living BCG cells but also heat-killed BCG cells, but not with BCG-filtrate.The effect was most effectively exhibited when BCG was inoculated intravenously, intermediately when intraperitoneally and least when subcutaneously. The inocuation by subcutaneous route was almost ineffective.The effect was exhibited from about the 6th day after BCG-inoculation, reached the peak at the 10th to 12th day, and continued even after 30 days.The effect of BCG inoculation on the intranasal infection of PR 8 was not exhibited.There were no significant differences of LD50, the degree of consolidation and the H. A titre of the lungs of dead mice, between BCG-inoculated and control mice.
{"title":"BCG接種マウスのインフルエンザ・ウイルス静注毒性に対する抵抗性の変化について (第1報)","authors":"Takahisa Suzuki","doi":"10.3412/JSB.21.707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.21.707","url":null,"abstract":"At the 9th day after BCG-injection, SMA strain mice showed the marked reduction of LD50 for endotoxin from E. coli 0-111 as compared with control mice.On the contrary, the BCG-injected mice showed two to three fold increase of LD50 for the PR 8 strain of influenza A virus.This resistance promoting effect was shared with not only living BCG cells but also heat-killed BCG cells, but not with BCG-filtrate.The effect was most effectively exhibited when BCG was inoculated intravenously, intermediately when intraperitoneally and least when subcutaneously. The inocuation by subcutaneous route was almost ineffective.The effect was exhibited from about the 6th day after BCG-inoculation, reached the peak at the 10th to 12th day, and continued even after 30 days.The effect of BCG inoculation on the intranasal infection of PR 8 was not exhibited.There were no significant differences of LD50, the degree of consolidation and the H. A titre of the lungs of dead mice, between BCG-inoculated and control mice.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"50 1","pages":"707-710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73037571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of 5-n-buthyl-1-cyclohexyl-2, 4, 6-trioxoperhydropyrimidine (BCP) on hemolysin formation against sheep red cells in mice was observed in comparison with that of cortisone. The drug was administered subcutaneously once daily for 4 days, starting from the 3rd day before (I), at the same time with (II) and on the 3rd day after (III) the intraperitoneal sensitization. While BCP gave no influence upon the antibody formation in (I), (II) and (III), cortisone suppressed markedly the hemolysin titer in (I) and (II), but showed no influence in (III).
{"title":"5-n-Butyl-1-Cyclohexyl-2, 4, 6-Trioxoperhydropyrimidine (BCP)の抗体産生におよぼす影響","authors":"M. Kondo, K. Tsuchiya","doi":"10.3412/JSB.21.629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.21.629","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of 5-n-buthyl-1-cyclohexyl-2, 4, 6-trioxoperhydropyrimidine (BCP) on hemolysin formation against sheep red cells in mice was observed in comparison with that of cortisone. The drug was administered subcutaneously once daily for 4 days, starting from the 3rd day before (I), at the same time with (II) and on the 3rd day after (III) the intraperitoneal sensitization. While BCP gave no influence upon the antibody formation in (I), (II) and (III), cortisone suppressed markedly the hemolysin titer in (I) and (II), but showed no influence in (III).","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"87 1","pages":"629-632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73507704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1) An antagonistic effect was observed between nalidixic acid and certain nitrofurans against the organisms of Proteus- Providence group by means of agar diffusion method with sensitivity disc and agar dilution method.2) This effect was one way, i.e., the antibacterial activity of nalidixic acid was decreased by certain nitrofurans, while that of the latter was not altered by the former.3) This phenomenon appeared only when the nitrofurans were added to the culture before the addition of nalidixic acid or almost simultaneously together with nalidixic acid.4) This phenomenon was common to each species of Proteus-Providence group, i.e., P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Morganella, Rettgerella and Providencia.5) Among the nitrofurans, furazolidone, nitrofurazone and guanofuracin exhibited the antagonistic effect, but dihydroxymethylfuratrizine, furaltadone and panazone did not.6) According to the microscopic observation on the bacterial cells the addition of the nitrofurans appeared to inhibit the cellular elongation resulting by the inhibitory effect of nalidixic acid on the binary fission of the cells.7) Compared to the single administratiion of nalidixic acid, the combined administration with nitrofurantoin seemed to reduce the antibacterial activity against Proteus-Providence group in urine.
{"title":"Proteus-Providence菌群に対するNalidixic AcidとNitrofuran系薬剤の拮抗作用","authors":"Y. Kanazawa, T. Kuramata","doi":"10.3412/JSB.21.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.21.210","url":null,"abstract":"1) An antagonistic effect was observed between nalidixic acid and certain nitrofurans against the organisms of Proteus- Providence group by means of agar diffusion method with sensitivity disc and agar dilution method.2) This effect was one way, i.e., the antibacterial activity of nalidixic acid was decreased by certain nitrofurans, while that of the latter was not altered by the former.3) This phenomenon appeared only when the nitrofurans were added to the culture before the addition of nalidixic acid or almost simultaneously together with nalidixic acid.4) This phenomenon was common to each species of Proteus-Providence group, i.e., P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Morganella, Rettgerella and Providencia.5) Among the nitrofurans, furazolidone, nitrofurazone and guanofuracin exhibited the antagonistic effect, but dihydroxymethylfuratrizine, furaltadone and panazone did not.6) According to the microscopic observation on the bacterial cells the addition of the nitrofurans appeared to inhibit the cellular elongation resulting by the inhibitory effect of nalidixic acid on the binary fission of the cells.7) Compared to the single administratiion of nalidixic acid, the combined administration with nitrofurantoin seemed to reduce the antibacterial activity against Proteus-Providence group in urine.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"22 1","pages":"210-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87620194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Atsumi, Y. Ono, N. Ishida, J. Konno, K. Tada, S. Otani
As no critical and reliable reports on the isolation of influenza C virus have appeared so far in Japan for the past two decades, an isolation of influenza C virus from a sporadic case in Yamagata Prefecture was reported. The strain designated as C/Yamagata/64 was quite related to either C/1233/47 or C/JJ/50 as far as several biological characteristics are concerned. However, serologic test revealed the clear-cut antigenic difference among these three, reflecting the chronological sequence of their isolation. The receptor for influenza C was found to be quite different and independent from those for influenza A, B and mumps viruses.
{"title":"On the Isolation of Influenza C Virus and Its Serologic Characteristics","authors":"A. Atsumi, Y. Ono, N. Ishida, J. Konno, K. Tada, S. Otani","doi":"10.3412/JSB.21.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.21.147","url":null,"abstract":"As no critical and reliable reports on the isolation of influenza C virus have appeared so far in Japan for the past two decades, an isolation of influenza C virus from a sporadic case in Yamagata Prefecture was reported. The strain designated as C/Yamagata/64 was quite related to either C/1233/47 or C/JJ/50 as far as several biological characteristics are concerned. However, serologic test revealed the clear-cut antigenic difference among these three, reflecting the chronological sequence of their isolation. The receptor for influenza C was found to be quite different and independent from those for influenza A, B and mumps viruses.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"54 1","pages":"147-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86764430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present investigation, an attempt was made to find whether there is a fundamental difference between non-specific resistance and acquired specific immunity, by comparing the degree of protection against various bacterial and protozoal infections and resistance to various transplantation of the mice and the rats pre-treated by zymosan, a non-specific stimulant, with those of the animals specifically immunized.The results obtained are as follows:-(1) When infected by such bacteria as Diplococcus pneumoniae (100A strain), Staphylococcus aureus (Smith strain) and Salmonella typhosa (Ty-2 strain) which connot be multiplied in the phagocytes of a mouse, the zymosan-treated mice demonstrated markedly strong resistance. On the other hand, when infected by Salmonella enteritidis (No, 11 Strain) or Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain), no difference from the non-treated mice was recognized and all the mice died.(2) Three different types of grafts were performed: Xenogeneic graft-ascites hepatoma AH39 strain indigenous to rat-to a mouse; allogeneic graft-AH39 tumor cells-to a rat of an inbred Wistar strain; syngeneic graft-ascites hepatoma MH134 indigenous to C3H mouse-to a mouse of C3H/HeN strain.In all of the three cases, rejection of the graft was accelerated when the recipients were pretreated by zymosan. Stronger acceleration was recognized, hewever, in the xenogeneic and allogeneic grafts, while lower in the syngeneic transplants.(3) The death by neoplasma of the zymosan-treated mice was slightly delayed, compared with that of the non-treated mice, when inoculated subcutaneously by 20-methylcholanthrene.(4) Variation in response of the mice administered by zymosan in abdomen to Diplococcus pneumoniae 100A strain was examined periodically. Also the acid phosphatase activity of the peritoneal exudative cells of the pre-treated mice was measured at the same time.It was indicated, as the result, that the variation in response to the bacterial infection closely paralles the enzymatic activity of the peritoneal exudative cells. That is, both decreased for the first several hours after the administration of zymosan, exceeded the normal value after 24 hours and maintained this value for approximately 1 week. Then they decreased rapidly to resume the normal value within 2 weeks.
{"title":"Specificity of “Cellular immunity”","authors":"F. Okitsu","doi":"10.3412/JSB.21.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.21.151","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation, an attempt was made to find whether there is a fundamental difference between non-specific resistance and acquired specific immunity, by comparing the degree of protection against various bacterial and protozoal infections and resistance to various transplantation of the mice and the rats pre-treated by zymosan, a non-specific stimulant, with those of the animals specifically immunized.The results obtained are as follows:-(1) When infected by such bacteria as Diplococcus pneumoniae (100A strain), Staphylococcus aureus (Smith strain) and Salmonella typhosa (Ty-2 strain) which connot be multiplied in the phagocytes of a mouse, the zymosan-treated mice demonstrated markedly strong resistance. On the other hand, when infected by Salmonella enteritidis (No, 11 Strain) or Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain), no difference from the non-treated mice was recognized and all the mice died.(2) Three different types of grafts were performed: Xenogeneic graft-ascites hepatoma AH39 strain indigenous to rat-to a mouse; allogeneic graft-AH39 tumor cells-to a rat of an inbred Wistar strain; syngeneic graft-ascites hepatoma MH134 indigenous to C3H mouse-to a mouse of C3H/HeN strain.In all of the three cases, rejection of the graft was accelerated when the recipients were pretreated by zymosan. Stronger acceleration was recognized, hewever, in the xenogeneic and allogeneic grafts, while lower in the syngeneic transplants.(3) The death by neoplasma of the zymosan-treated mice was slightly delayed, compared with that of the non-treated mice, when inoculated subcutaneously by 20-methylcholanthrene.(4) Variation in response of the mice administered by zymosan in abdomen to Diplococcus pneumoniae 100A strain was examined periodically. Also the acid phosphatase activity of the peritoneal exudative cells of the pre-treated mice was measured at the same time.It was indicated, as the result, that the variation in response to the bacterial infection closely paralles the enzymatic activity of the peritoneal exudative cells. That is, both decreased for the first several hours after the administration of zymosan, exceeded the normal value after 24 hours and maintained this value for approximately 1 week. Then they decreased rapidly to resume the normal value within 2 weeks.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"20 1","pages":"151-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91117529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Field trials of live influenza vaccine, produced in our laboratory, were carried out in Osaka in November 1964. Febrile reactions were observed in 262 out of 13, 894 persons (1.9%) and mean maximal fever was 37.6°C. Mean incubation period and duration of fever were 20.1 and 12.5 hours respectively. Persons needed to stay away from work or school were 101 (0.7%) and mean period to be away from work was 1.4 days. Lassitude, headache, rhinorrhea, pharyngeal pain and cough were observed in 3.0%, 4.5%, 1.6%, 1.7% and 1.8% respectively. No differences were observed in clinical reactions between adults and children. Four fold or higher HI antibody response was observed in 31 out of 73 susceptible persons (44%).
{"title":"Field Trials of Live Influenza Vaccine Carried out in November 1964","authors":"K. Nakamura, Y. Okuno","doi":"10.3412/JSB.21.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.21.141","url":null,"abstract":"Field trials of live influenza vaccine, produced in our laboratory, were carried out in Osaka in November 1964. Febrile reactions were observed in 262 out of 13, 894 persons (1.9%) and mean maximal fever was 37.6°C. Mean incubation period and duration of fever were 20.1 and 12.5 hours respectively. Persons needed to stay away from work or school were 101 (0.7%) and mean period to be away from work was 1.4 days. Lassitude, headache, rhinorrhea, pharyngeal pain and cough were observed in 3.0%, 4.5%, 1.6%, 1.7% and 1.8% respectively. No differences were observed in clinical reactions between adults and children. Four fold or higher HI antibody response was observed in 31 out of 73 susceptible persons (44%).","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"1 1","pages":"141-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89249674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutual transfer of the fimbriation from the fimbriate donor cells to the non-fimbriate recipient cells was demonstrated in the selected recipient hybrids from the crosses between E. coli and Sh. flexneri.In the recipient hybrids which have been transferred the ability of the fimbriation, there were shown some biological characteristics different from the parent recipient cells, from which the hybrids were originated, in addition to the alteration of the antigenic structure and the modification of sugar fermentation, which were transferred from the parent donor cells, the dissociation of the colony form was clearly observed.Further observations on the segregations of the hybrids presented an evidence suggesting that the transfer of the ability of fimbriation might be due to the genetic recombination of fimbriation controlling gene(s), probably episome-like in nature, and that the recipient fimbriate hybrids seemed to be heterogenous in genotype.
{"title":"Studies on the Transfer of the Fimbriation between Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri","authors":"T. Yoshino","doi":"10.3412/JSB.20.609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3412/JSB.20.609","url":null,"abstract":"Mutual transfer of the fimbriation from the fimbriate donor cells to the non-fimbriate recipient cells was demonstrated in the selected recipient hybrids from the crosses between E. coli and Sh. flexneri.In the recipient hybrids which have been transferred the ability of the fimbriation, there were shown some biological characteristics different from the parent recipient cells, from which the hybrids were originated, in addition to the alteration of the antigenic structure and the modification of sugar fermentation, which were transferred from the parent donor cells, the dissociation of the colony form was clearly observed.Further observations on the segregations of the hybrids presented an evidence suggesting that the transfer of the ability of fimbriation might be due to the genetic recombination of fimbriation controlling gene(s), probably episome-like in nature, and that the recipient fimbriate hybrids seemed to be heterogenous in genotype.","PeriodicalId":14812,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of bacteriology","volume":"48 1","pages":"609-616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80640421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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